1,721,085 research outputs found
Foundations of LLCM : Labelled Lambek Calculus for Music Analysis
No full textThis paper presents an application of Lambek Calculus, a sequent calculus for categorial grammar, to music analysis. To this end, we propose a Labelled Lambek Calculus for Music (LLCM), where a label represents tonality information. In LLCM, each adjacent category represents a chord interpretation. When combined, they form a cadential category. We have enhanced the system with a rigorous and internally consistent framework that clarifies long-distance dependencies and provides a more explicit representation of relationships across different tonalities, including tonal shifts. A key innovation in LLCM is the introduction of a method for calculating the “depth” of a harmonic analysis. This measure corresponds to the complexity of chord progressions, enabling analysts to objectively compare different harmonic sequences based on their structural intricacy
進化言語学の方法による音楽の文脈自由規則の発見
Full text link音楽の和音進行のカデンツ規則は，自然言語の文脈自由文法のクラスに属する．本研究では楽曲から文脈自由規則を発見する試みとして，音楽理論GTTMに基づくタイムスパン木に係り受け関係を見出すこと，進化言語学のモデルILMによる文法発見の規則を効率化することの両面から研究を行った．まずタイムスパン木にはピッチ（音高）の概念を組み込み，それにより和音が発見できることから，和音連鎖列の妥当性をTPS理論から評価した．さらにタイムスパンの構成から楽曲間の距離を測る方法を考案し，この数値的距離と心理的類似性との関係を研究した．進化言語学の方法においては文脈自由規則の短縮化などを用いILMの効率化を図った． : There exist context-free grammar (CFG) rules in music, e.g., for sequences of chords as cadences. In this research, we have investigated the formalisms to detect such CFG rules in music from two different aspects. First, we relied on the Generative Theory of Tonal Music (GTTM) and found a long-distance dependency, that is a witness for being CFG, in its time-span trees. Second, we have tried a method on evolutionary linguistics called the iterated learning model (ILM), and improved the efficiency of the grammar detection. In time-span tree, we introduced the notion of pitch, and thus we could detect the most plausible sequence of chords, employing the theory of tonal pitch space (TPS). In addition, we have defined the distance between two time-span trees, by the sum of different time-spans, and then we have evaluated the correlation between this distance and our psychological similarity. As for ILM, we have invented a method of string clipping, and thus we could improve the efficiency.基盤研究(C)（一般）研究期間：2013～2015課題番号：25330434研究者番号：90272989研究分野：人工知
生成的音楽理論に基づく自動楽曲分析器の構築
Full text link本研究課題ではGenerative Theory of Tonal Music (GTTM)を計算機上に実装し，グルーピング解析・拍節構造解析・タイムスパン木生成の自動化を行った．この過程で解析に伴うパラメータのチューニングシステムを構築し，インタフェースを整え，また解析例をデータベースにした．さらに和声解析と結び付けるためのシステム，旋律を計算論的に加工する束上のモーフィングシステムを開発した． : According to the Generative Theory of Tonal Music (GTTM), we have implemented the grouping analysis, the metrical analysis, and the time-span tree analysis. In this process, we have automatized the parameter tuning, designed user interface, and accumulated the resulting analyses. Furthermore, we have developed the chord analysis system and the morphing system on the melody lattice.研究種目：基盤研究（Ｂ）研究期間：2008～2010課題番号：20300035研究者番号：90272989研究分野：情報科学・人工知能科研費の分科・細目：情報学・メディア情報学・データベー
進化言語学における認知バイアスの有効性
Full text linkSimon Kirby claimed that human could acquire language only with learning bottoleneck, as opposed to language acquiring device (LAD) as universal grammar by Noam Chomsky, and proposed Iterated Learning Model (ILM). In that model, human infants try to find regularity in the utterances of his/her parents, and to build compositional grammar rules. Although ILM can show the development of language competency through generations, it is still hard to explain infants' phenomenal vocabulary acquisition by 18 months within a generation. It is considered that infants employ cognitive biases, which are illogical reasoning in general, to learn languages. We propose that such cognitive biases also would help to acquire syntactic rules, and thus, we implement such biases into grammar building program. As a result, we could boost the grammar acquisition in computer simulation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
情報源を明らかな選考関係を信念とした融合
Full text linkBelief fusion, instead of AGM belief revision, was first proposed to solve the problem of inconsistency, that arised from repetitive application of the operation when agents' knowledge were amalgamated. In the preceding work of Maynard-Reid II and Shoham, the fusion operator is applied to belief states, which is total preorders over possible worlds which is based on the semantics of belief revision. Moreover, they introduced the pedigreed belief state, which represented multiple sources of belief states, ordered by a credibility ranking. However in the theory, all the sources must be totally ordered and thus applicable area is quite restrictive. In this paper, we realize the fusion operator of multiple agents for partially ordered sources. When we consider such a partial ranking over sources, there is no need to restrict that each agent has total preorders over possible worlds. The preferential model, based on the semantics on nonmonotonic reasoning, allows each agent to have strict partial orders over possible worlds. Especially, such an order is called a preferential relation, that prescribes a world is more plausible than the other. Therefore, we introduce an operation which combines multiple preferential relations of agents. In addition, we show that our operation can properly include the ordinary belief fusion
人工市場アプローチによる介入エージェントを用いた為替介入効果の分析
Full text linkWe propose a multi-agent system which learns intervention policies and evaluates the effect of interventions in an artificial foreign exchange market. Izumi et al. had presented a system called AGEDASI TOF to simulate artificial market, together with a support system for the government to decide foreign exchange policies. However, the system needed to fix the amount of governmental intervention prior to the simulation, and was not realistic. In addition, the interventions in the system did not affect supply and demand of currencies; thus we could not discuss the effect of intervention correctly. First, we improve the system so as to make much of the weights of influential factors. Thereafter, we introduce an intervention agent that has the role of the central bank to stabilize the market. We could show that the agent learned the effective intervention policies through the reinforcement learning, and that the exchange rate converged to a certain extent in the expected range. We could also estimate the amount of intervention, showing the efficacy of signaling. In this model, in order to investigate the aliasing of the perception of the intervention agent, we introduced a pseudo-agent who was supposed to be able to observe all the behaviors of dealer agents; with this super-agent, we discussed the adequate granularity for a market state description
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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