58 research outputs found
Analysis of Hurshid Devran’s story “Emir Timur’un Oğlunun Ölümü Hakkında Rivayet” from point of its style
No full textUrl: http://sutad.selcuk.edu.tr/sutad/article/view/466Altmışlı-seksenli yıllar Özbek edebiyatının gelişimine özgü önemli bir nokta “geçmiş”tir. Adil Yakubov, Pirimkul Kadirov, Askad Muhtar, Ötkir Haşimov gibi yazarlar tarihî olaylar ve şahsiyetler hakkında yazma eğilimine kapıldılar. Bunun sonucu olarak Türk tarihinde önemli rol oynamış isimlerle ilgili birçok roman, şiir ve hikâye yazıldı. Bunlar arasında Şeyhzade’nin “Mirza Uluğbek”; Yakupov’un “Uluğbek Hazinesi”, Kadirov’un “Yılduzlı Tünler”, “Babür”; Mirmuhsin’in “Me’mar”, “Timurmelik”; Muhtar’ın “Buhara’nın Cinköçeleri”; Tohtabaev’in “Kasaskarnıng Altın Başı”, Aybek’in, “Nevai”, Kariev’in “İbni Sina”, Mirsaidov’un “Timur Melik” ve “Turan Melikesi” ilk akla gelen eserlerdir. Bağımsızlık sonrasında tarihe yeni bir gözle bakma ve yazma süreci içerisinde Emir Timur önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Pirimkul Kadirov, Böribay Ahmedov, Abdurauf Fıtrat, Abdulla Aripov, Töre Mirza, Şerali Jorayev, Hurşid Devran ve Naim Gayibov’un eserlerinde Emir Timur tema olarak ele alınmıştır.Years of 60 and 80 are important times in the development of Uzbek literature. The important subject in the literature of that time is “history”. The expert on literature such as, Adil Yakubov, Pirimkul Kadirov, Askad Muhtar, and Ötkir Haşimov examined historical facts and historical heroes and tried to write about them. In the Uzbek literature, so many novels, poem and stories were written about the people who had special role in Turkish History. For example, “Mirza Uluğbek” by Şeyhzade; “Uluğbek Hazinesi” by Yakupov, “Yılduzlı Tünler” and “Babür” by Kadirov; “Me’mar” and “Temirmelik” by Mirmuhsin; “Buhara’nın Cinköçeleri” by Muhtar; “Kasaskarnıng Altın Başı” by Tohtabaev; “Nevai” by Aybek; “İbni Sina” by Kariev, “Temur Melik” and “Turan Melikesi” by Mirsaidov were about historical stories and After independence of had a different view to the history. During this process, Emir Timur was very important. He was subject of lots of poem, stories and novel of Uzbek literature. We can give some examples : Pirimkul Kadirov, Böribay Ahmedov Fıtrat, Abdulla Aripov, Töre Mirza, Şerali Jorayev, Hurşid Devran, Naim Gayibov
Uzbek-Afghan relations: a new stage in dynamic development
No full textThe article is devoted to issues of Uzbek-Afghan relations. It is noted that the high dynamics of Uzbek-Afghan relations is the result of a new foreign policy strategy of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of development of bilateral relations, the author identifies concrete changes and successes in these relations. As a result, the author notes Uzbekistan will continue its efforts to promote the peaceful development of Afghanistan, which serves as a guarantee of security and prosperity of the entire Central Asian region
Development of small business and priate entrepreneurship and creating competent business environment for them
No full textThe article notes the development of small business and private entrepreneurship. Questions are discussed for improving the business environment. The author presents approaches to the measures to further improve the business environment for the development of small business and private entrepreneurship and their free activity. The existing problems in this sector are analyzed. And also, some recommendations for their solution have been worked out
THE IMPORTANCE OF INTRODUCING THE SUBJECT "EDUCATION" IN GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS
No full textIn this article, the author highlights the legal basis for the introduction of the subject “education “in general education schools in our country and the importance of teaching the subject” education " in general education schools
Comparative Study of Uzbek and Turkish Fairy Tales
No full text"The East is full of wisdom," said Abdulla Aripov. Indeed, we are through what the peoples of the east really write, through the poems we tell we try to exhort someone. Fairy tales of Uzbek folklore have the same function. There are also fairy tale genres in a number of nations around the world. But in all fairy tales, spiritual integrity can be focused on different things. In Uzbek fairy tales, the main conclusion is "goodness".Turkish fairy tales, which are brothers to Uzbeks, also try to do good for their students. In this article, the author describes in detail the Uzbek and Turkish fairy tales and the universal concept of "goodness" in them
Intelligent Processing Time Characteristics of the Flow of the Impulse Component of the Train Shunt Resistance
No full text12th World Conference Intelligent System for Industrial Automation, WCIS 2022 -- 25 November 2022 through 26 November 2022 -- Tashkent -- 308209The article discusses the results of studies of the temporal characteristics of the flow of the impulse component of the resistance of the train shunt of the rolling stock. The qualitative results of processing the experimental data of the distribution of the durations of emissions and the probabilities of the intervals between adjacent emissions of the resistance of the train shunt are presented. It is shown that they quantitatively characterize the stable character of the statistical properties of the impulse component of the train shunt resistance emissions in terms of time. To analyze the characteristics of a pulsed random process of changing the resistance of a shunt, the shape of which is close to the ?-function, a mathematical model has been developed using its representation in the form of an analog-to-digital transformation based on an exponential function. Statistical characteristics of the resistance of a train shunt have been obtained, allow considering its destabilizing effect on the operation of monitoring systems for the states of rail circuits. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024
Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2.5 air pollution, 1990-2019 : an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. Since 1990, the attributable burden has increased by 50%, driven largely by population growth and ageing. Globally, the impact of reductions in household air pollution was largely offset by increased ambient PM2·5. Interpretation: Air pollution is a major risk factor for diabetes. We estimated that about a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes is attributable PM2·5 pollution. Air pollution mitigation therefore might have an essential role in reducing the global disease burden resulting from type 2 diabetes
Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019 : an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. Since 1990, the attributable burden has increased by 50%, driven largely by population growth and ageing. Globally, the impact of reductions in household air pollution was largely offset by increased ambient PM2·5. Interpretation: Air pollution is a major risk factor for diabetes. We estimated that about a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes is attributable PM2·5 pollution. Air pollution mitigation therefore might have an essential role in reducing the global disease burden resulting from type 2 diabetes. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman” is provided in this record*
Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2.5 air pollution, 1990-2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2.5 originating from ambient and household air pollution.Methods We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure-response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression-Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM2.5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM2.5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals.Findings In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM2.5 exposure, with an estimated 3.78 (95% uncertainty interval 2.68-4.83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117-223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13.4% (9.49-17.5) of deaths and 13.6% (9.73-17.9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2.5, and 6.50% (4.22-9.53) of deaths and 5.92% (3.81-8.64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. Since 1990, the attributable burden has increased by 50%, driven largely by population growth and ageing. Globally, the impact of reductions in household air pollution was largely offset by increased ambient PM2.5.Interpretation Air pollution is a major risk factor for diabetes. We estimated that about a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes is attributable PM2.5 pollution. Air pollution mitigation therefore might have an essential role in reducing the global disease burden resulting from type 2 diabetes. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBackground Anaemia is a major health problem worldwide. Global estimates of anaemia burden are crucial for developing appropriate interventions to meet current international targets for disease mitigation. We describe the prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends of anaemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories. Methods We estimated population-level distributions of haemoglobin concentration by age and sex for each location from 1990 to 2021. We then calculated anaemia burden by severity and associated years lived with disability (YLDs). With data on prevalence of the causes of anaemia and associated cause-specific shifts in haemoglobin concentrations, we modelled the proportion of anaemia attributed to 37 underlying causes for all locations, years, and demographics in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Findings In 2021, the global prevalence of anaemia across all ages was 24 center dot 3 (95 uncertainty interval UI 23 center dot 9-24 center dot 7), corresponding to 1 center dot 92 billion (1 center dot 89-1 center dot 95) prevalent cases, compared with a prevalence of 28 center dot 2% (27 center dot 8-28 center dot 5) and 1 center dot 50 billion (1 center dot 48-1 center dot 52) prevalent cases in 1990. Large variations were observed in anaemia burden by age, sex, and geography, with children younger than 5 years, women, and countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia being particularly affected. Anaemia caused 52 center dot 0 million (35 center dot 1-75 center dot 1) YLDs in 2021, and the YLD rate due to anaemia declined with increasing Socio-demographic Index. The most common causes of anaemia YLDs in 2021 were dietary iron deficiency (cause-specific anaemia YLD rate per 100 000 population: 422 center dot 4 95% UI 286 center dot 1-612 center dot 9), haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias (89 center dot 0 58 center dot 2-123 center dot 7), and other neglected tropical diseases (36 center dot 3 24 center dot 4-52 center dot 8), collectively accounting for 84 center dot 7% (84 center dot 1-85 center dot 2) of anaemia YLDs. Interpretation Anaemia remains a substantial global health challenge, with persistent disparities according to age, sex, and geography. Estimates of cause-specific anaemia burden can be used to design locally relevant health interventions aimed at improving anaemia management and prevention. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
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