1,720,962 research outputs found
Políticas ambientais: tecendo pontes entre a racionalidade das ciencias e as demandas da sociedade
No full textAs políticas ambientais retratam, de certa forma, os anseios da sociedade moderna por um mundo mais equilibrado, justo e sustentável. Porém, a construção do arcabouço legal seguidamente transforma-se em uma arena de disputas entre os vários campos da ciência e os desejos de grupos sociais ou de pressão. Portanto, as leis, e em especial a legislação ambiental brasileira, quase sempre são o resultado de disputas envolvendo estratégias de reapropriação da natureza e objetivos antagônicos. As ciencias, de modo geral, vêm tentando se adequar e se aproximar de demandas reais, como forma de compatibilizar o conhecimento formal e empírico em contraposição ao formalismo e a racionalidade tecnológica, que sistematicamente negam os potenciais da natureza. Este texto busca traduzir a evolução do pensamento científico e como essa transformação influencia na elaboração do arcabouço legal em temas relativos ao meio ambiente. A sociedade comporta-se como um ator que ora demanda transformações, que se refletem na alteração das normas jurídicas, ora como refém, já que é alimentada pelas novas conquistas científicas e tecnológicas. A Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente (PNMA) - Lei 6.938/81, considerada de vanguarda há trinta anos, teve o mérito de inaugurar um novo formato na busca da sustentabilidade, introduzindo conceitos e instrumentos derivados do conhecimento científico para uma partição justa dos recursos ambientais para toda a sociedade
A Agroecologia no Brasil e seus aspectos jurídicos: caminhos para a consolidação de um modelo produtivo sustentável
Get PDFTCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.O presente Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) procura caracterizar e analisar a tutela jurídica da Agroecologia no Brasil, enaltecendo caminhos – políticos e jurídicos – para a persecução de um modelo produtivo mais sustentável, ambientalmente saudável e socialmente inclusivo no país. As iniciativas e experiências voltadas à produção agroecológica disputam espaço político com aquelas voltadas à agricultura moderna, que se caracteriza pelo alto nível de especialização, ampla utilização de químicos e o emprego de variedades de plantas geneticamente modificadas. Esta última, no contexto de uma crise global generalizada, emerge como a grande causadora de diversos problemas de ordem ambiental, econômica e social; ilustrando a falência da lógica moderna de desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, o Direito e a Política deparam-se com a necessidade de desenvolver novas abordagens para enfrentar essa problemática, que desafia a própria racionalidade moderna. O trabalho, cuja metodologia pauta-se no método indutivo e em pesquisa doutrinária e legislativa, divide-se então em quatro partes: a primeira trata da crise ambiental, civilizacional e racional, no âmbito da sociedade de risco global e da modernização reflexiva; bem como contemporiza a questão da produção de alimentos e da segurança alimentar. A segunda abarca os aspectos históricos e conceituais da agricultura sustentável e da Agroecologia no Brasil, delineando a conformação do movimento agroecológico brasileiro. A terceira intenta delinear o panorama de como é tratada a questão da Agroecologia no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Finalmente, a quarta traz algumas ideias e reflexões acerca das políticas públicas agroecológicas e da sustentabilidade, em sua perspectiva forte e material, na Política e no Direito.This research seeks to characterize and analyze the Brazilian legislation for Agroecology, highlighting political and legal ways to achieve a more sustainable, environmentally sound and socially inclusive model of production in the country. Agro-ecological initiatives share political space with those related to modern agriculture, which is characterized by the extensive use of chemicals and genetically modified organisms. In the context of the global crisis, the modern agriculture emerges as the major cause of many environmental, economic and social problems; illustrating the failure the modern concept of development. In this sense, Law and Politics are faced with the challenge of developing new approaches to tackle this problem, which represents a challenge to modern rationality. The work, which uses the inductive method and is based on legal and doctrinal research, is thus divided into four parts: the first deals with the environmental, civilization and rationality crisis, in the context of the Global Risk Society Theory and reflexive modernization; and contemporizes the issue of food production and food security. The second covers the historical and conceptual aspects of sustainable agriculture and Agroecology in Brazil, outlining the conformation of the Brazilian Agro-ecological movement. The third outlines how Brazilian Law deals with the issue of Agroecology. Finally, the fourth brings up some ideas and considerations on Agro-ecological public policies and on sustainability, in its strong and material concept
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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