1,720,954 research outputs found
The Hujariyah Military Unit and Its Role in the Abbasid State (280- 325 A.H./893-936 A.D.)
No full textيهدف هذا البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على فرقة الحُجريّة العسكرية ودورها في الدولة العباسية منذ استحداثها سنة 280هـ/893م وحتى حلها والقضاء عليها سنة 325هـ/936م، وقد خلص إلى استحداث الخليفة المعتضد بالله فرقة الحُجريّة سنة 280هـ/ 893م لتتولى مَهَمَّةَ حماية الخليفة وحراسته في دار الخلافة ومواكبه وأسفاره وحروبه، فخُصّوا بالامتيازات المالية، والتدريب النوعي. وامتاز الحُجريّة بالكفاءة العسكرية والانضباط التام، رغم تضاعف أعدادهم؛ ولذلك استعان بهم الخلفاء في مواجهات المتمرّدين وقمع تمرّد فرق الجيش وشغب العامة. وأدّى انخراط الحُجريّة في اضطرابات الدولة وأزماتها الداخلية، منذ عهد الخليفة المقتدر، إلى هيمنتهم على الخلافة والدولة في عهد الخليفة الراضي، واستمرت تلك الهيمنة عليهما حتى حَلَّها أمير الأمراء محمد بن رائق وقضى عليها سنة 325هـ/ 936م.This research sheds light on the Hujariyah military unit and its role in the Abbasid state since its creation in 280/893 until its elimination in 325/936. The Caliph al-Mu‘tadid bi-Allah created the Hujariyah unit in 280/893 to guard the caliph in his residence, processions, travels and wars, for which they received financial benefits and quality training. They were distinguished by their military efficiency and complete discipline, despite an increase in their numbers. The caliphs used them when confronting rebels and suppressing army rebellions and riots of the public. The Hujariyah’s involvement in the turmoil and internal crises of the state, since the time of Caliph al-Muqtadir, led to their hegemony over the caliphate and the state during the reign of Caliph al-Radhi. The dominance of the Hujariyah over the state and the caliph continued until the commander Muhammad ibn Ra’iq eliminated it in 325/93
The Procedures of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mu\u27tadidBillah (279-289 AH / 892-902 AD) to Ensure that the Caliphate was Confined to his Offspring
Get PDFThis study aims at uncovering the procedures followed by the Abbasid Caliph, alMu\u27tadidBillah, to ensure that the caliphate was confined to his offspring and that other branches of the Abbasid family were deprived of it. The findings reveal that alMu’tadid’s procedures succeeded in granting the caliphate to his son, al-MuktadirBillah, despite his very young age. The procedures also helped in thwarting the rebellion of Prince Abdallahibn al-Mu\u27tazz who was backed by most of the Abbasid statesmen. Although the procedures kept the caliphate within al-Mu’tadid’s offspring, they returned the dominance of the army leaders over the caliphate and the state
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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