5 research outputs found
Multi-Index Assessment of Hydrometeorological Droughts in the Tekeze River Basin, Northwestern Ethiopia
No full textDrought is a recurring natural hazard impacting agriculture, water resources, and various socioeconomic sectors. This study evaluated the performances of multiple meteorological and hydrological drought index estimation methods in the Tekeze River basin, northwestern Ethiopia. Monthly rainfall and temperature data from 15 meteorological stations with varying record lengths (28–59 years) and streamflow data from nine functional stations (1991–2018) were used to compute hydrometeorological drought indices. Standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), reconnaissance drought index (RDI), rainfall anomaly index (RAI), decile index (DI), and streamflow drought index (SDI) were calculated using DrinC software, R programming, and empirical formulas at 1, 3, 6, and 12-month timescales. Results from the analysis revealed a basin-wide prevalence of mild drought, with SPI indicating severity and negative values over longer timescales. The RDI analyses showed lower drought severity but also decreased its frequency over longer timescales. The DI calculation using basin station averages indicated 48.4%, 10.7%, and 8.0% incidence rates for severe, moderate, and mild droughts, respectively. RAI had generally lower positive and negative values compared to SPI. SPEI-1 analysis classified almost all stations as experiencing mild drought. Conversely, SDI6 analysis at a 6-month timescale revealed diverse impacts, with the Tekeze River basin experiencing sustained severe drought (SDI6 < −2.0) for three consecutive years (2004–2006). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients of the indices were positive, with RAI showing particularly strong and statistically significant positive correlations with other indices. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and water resource managers in the Tekeze River basin, aiding in the development of effective drought mitigation and preparedness strategies
Magmatism on rift flanks: insights from Ambient-Noise Phase-velocity in Afar region
No full textDuring the breakup of continents in magmatic settings, the extension of the rift valley is commonly assumed to initially occur by border faulting and progressively migrate in space and time towards the spreading axis. Magmatic processes near the rift flanks are commonly ignored. We present phase-velocity maps of the crust and uppermost mantle of the conjugate margins of the southern Red Sea (Afar and Yemen) using ambient noise tomography to constrain crustal modification during breakup. Our images show that the low seismic velocities characterize not only the upper crust beneath the axial volcanic systems, but also both upper and lower crust beneath the rift flanks where ongoing volcanism and hydrothermal activity occur at the surface. Magmatic modification of the crust beneath rift flanks likely occurs for a protracted period of time during the breakup process, and may persist through to early seafloor spreading
Training, Validation and Test Sets for paper 'A Little Data goes a Long Way: Automating Seismic Phase Arrival Picking at Nabro Volcano with Transfer Learning'
No full textTraining, Validation and Test Data for model presented in paper 'A Little Data Goes A Long Way: Automating Seismic Phase Arrival Picking at Nabro Volcano with Transfer Learning', submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.
Files:
- train_events_2498.h5 = training set of seismic waveforms (events with P-/S-wave labelled arrivals only, i.e., no noise waveforms)
- train_events_2498.pkl = event training set metadata (UTC P-/S-wave phase arrival times)
- train_noise_2498.h5 = training set of seismic waveforms (noise sections only, i.e., no event waveforms)
- train_noise_2498.pkl = noise training set metadata (UTC time for training noise waveforms)
- val_events.h5 = validation set of seismic waveforms (events with P-/S-wave labelled arrivals only, i.e., no noise waveforms)
- val_events.pkl = event validation set metadata (UTC P-/S-wave phase arrival times)
- val_noise.h5 = validation set of seismic waveforms (noise sections only, i.e., no event waveforms)
- val_noise.pkl = noise validation set metadata (UTC time for validation noise waveforms)
- test.h5 = test set of seismic waveforms (events and noise)
- test_events.pkl = event test set metadata (UTC P-/S-wave phase arrival times for test event waveforms)
- test_noise.pkl = noise test set metadata (UTC time for test noise waveforms)
Further details and code for reading and using these files can be found at the GitHub repo for this paper: https://github.com/sachalapins/U-GPDAll original seismic data from the Nabro Urgency Array are available through IRIS Data Services (http://service.iris.edu/fdnws/dataselect/1/). See http://www.fdsn.org/networks/detail/4H_2011/ for further details on data access and availability. The data were collected with funding from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project NE/J012297/1 ("Mechanisms and implications of the 2011 eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea"). The UK seismic instruments and data management facilities were provided under loan number 976 by SEIS-UK at the University of Leicester. The facilities of SEIS-UK are supported by NERC under Agreement R8/H10/64. Author SL was supported by a GW4+ Doctoral Training Partnership studentship from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/L002434/1]. Author BG was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the School of Earth Sciences at the University of Bristol. Author MJW was funded by UKRI GCRF EP/P028233/1 ("PREPARE") and NERC NE/R017956/1 ("EQUIPT4RISK"). Author JMK was funded by NERC grant NE/R018006/1. Author KVC was supported by the AXA Research Fund. We gratefully acknowledge support from the sponsors of the Bristol University Microseismicity ProjectS (BUMPS) and the NERC Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, volcanoes and Tectonics (COMET). We also gratefully acknowledge the cooperation we received from the Eritrean government, Southern and Northern Red Sea Administrations, local sub-zones and village administrations. We thank the Department of Mines, Ministry of Energy and Mines for their continued support throughout the project. Special thanks go to Zerai Berhe, Mebrahtu Fisseha, Michael Eyob, Ahmed Mohammed, Kibrom Nerayo, Asresehey Ogbatsien, Andemichael Solomon and Isaac Tuum. We thank Alem Kibreab for his vital help in facilitating the fieldwork
The Agronomic, Nutritional, Environmental, and Health Benefits of Teff (Eragrostis tef) as an Underutilized Gluten-Free Superfood and Feed Source
No full textThe global prevalence of junk and nonorganic foods has made it increasingly difficult to find sustainable organic food options, despite their potential health benefits. This issue is exacerbated by factors such as production scarcity, climate change, and the widespread availability and affordability of junk food. Additionally, there is a lack of research and attention toward orphan crops, which have high nutritional value and significant health benefits, resulting in food and nutrition insecurity. One such underutilized crop is teff, a small grain cereal grown in Eritrea that is highly nutritious, resilient to climate variability, gluten-free, and rich in dietary fiber. Teff requires low agricultural input, making it a superfood for humans and a valuable animal feed source. The lack of scientific research on teff’s agronomic characteristics, yield potentials, and nutritional benefits hinders its global recognition and distribution. To address this, the Addey Agricultural and Food Cooperative Research and Development team has reviewed existing scientific knowledge on teff. This review covers the botanical description, origin, production, climatic and soil requirements, agronomic practices, and improvement techniques of teff. Also, we explore teff’s nutritional and phytochemical composition, potential health benefits, and use as animal feed. The review highlights teff’s global potential and identifies gaps in current farming practices, recommending modern, technology-based methods for sustainable production and productivity
Alignment of the CMS silicon strip tracker during stand-alone commissioning
No full textThis is the Pre-print version of the Article. The official published version of the paper can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2009 IOPThe results of the CMS tracker alignment analysis are presented using the data from cosmic tracks, optical survey information, and the laser alignment system at the Tracker Integration Facility at CERN. During several months of operation in the spring and summer of 2007, about five million cosmic track events were collected with a partially active CMS Tracker. This allowed us to perform first alignment of the active silicon modules with the cosmic tracks using three different statistical approaches; validate the survey and laser alignment system performance; and test the stability of Tracker structures under various stresses and temperatures ranging from +15C to -15C. Comparison with simulation shows that the achieved alignment precision in the barrel part of the tracker leads to residual distributions similar to those obtained with a random misalignment of 50 (80) microns in the outer (inner) part of the barrel.This work has been supported by: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research; the Belgium Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Academy of Finland and
Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules / CNRS, France; the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Germany; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Swiss Funding Agencies; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; the US Department of Energy, and National Science Foundation. Individuals
have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union) and the A. P. Sloan Foundation
