102 research outputs found
Eccentric Taylor-Couette Flow with orbital motion of the inner cylinder
No full textThis paper was presented at the 3rd Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2011), which was held at the Makedonia Palace Hotel, Thessaloniki in Greece. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Italian Union of Thermofluiddynamics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University of Thessaly, IPEM, the Process Intensification Network, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Heat Transfer Society, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group, and the Energy Institute.The flow in a Taylor-Couette system is one of the most explored flows today. The behaviour of the flow is characterized by Reynolds number, radii and aspect ratio. By reducing the gap width the Taylor-Couette system can be used as a simplified bearing model which has one additional feature. To cover flow effects of a real bearing the rotating inner cylinder moves on an offset track. Thus the system is also characterized by a varying annulus. That changes the eccentricity which is also related to the critical Reynolds number for the system. There is a higher Reynolds number for a higher eccentricity. This is used as a benchmark to validate the code. Depending on the eccentric position of the rotating inner cylinder one can notice either Taylor Vortex flow or Couette Flow. After testing the code the gap width will be adjusted to realistic bearing geometries. This second part refers to bearing simulations where the gap width is adjusted to real bearing conditions. In Fact the present system is a simplified bearing, which covers not all details of a real one. It becomes more complex in later stages of the project, where oil feedings and notches are implemented as well as the occurrence of cavitation. Furthermore the offset tracks will be much more complex. The final goal is to develop a 3D simulation tool for hydrodynamic journal bearings that resolves effects like cross flow from the oil feedings and also cavitation. Known methods based on the Reynolds equations fail to predict important flow characteristics in complex bearing geometries due to their two dimensional nature. If sufficiently low local pressure areas occur, cavitation- related damages may appear. So the pressure distribution of the flow is of interest
A year into the pandemic:shifts, improvisations and impacts for people, place, and policy
No full textThis chapter provides an overarching framework for exploring the relationships between people, place and policy and living with the COVID-19 pandemic. It recognises that these three Ps are interdependent; people are embedded in places and local and national policy is developed and applied to places. The chapter starts by exploring the debate on risk societies, non-calculable uncertainty, and the emergence of Jenga capitalism as a precursor for exploring the impacts of Covid-19. It then explores the relationship between globalisation and disease, before outlining national responses to COVID-19, including the emergence of socially distanced economies. The chapter also considers some dimensions of life after the pandemic, including a discussion of the impacts on policy and taxation. In so doing, the Chapter highlights Covid-19 as a cultural inflection point. The Chapter concludes by providing an outline of the contributions to the edited collection of the same name, to which this chapter forms the introduction
Music Students’ Definitions, Evaluations, and Rationalizations of Entrepreneurship
No full textEntrepreneurship education in higher music education has grown rapidly, yet little is known about what music students think of entrepreneurship. Using a qualitative description approach guided by analytic rigor, we present results from a survey of 114 music students. Respondents most commonly define entrepreneurship as “self-employment” as introduced by McClelland, with a Schumpeterian theme of “innovation and disequilibrium” following behind. Fifty-two percent of respondents value entrepreneurial skills as important for their careers; forty-three percent do not know if entrepreneurial skills are important for their careers. Finally, we discuss how they rationalize these evaluations. Implications for educators and practitioners are discussed.acceptedVersionLocked until 28/2-2021 due to copyright restrictions. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society on 28/8-2019, available at https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2019.164617
Smart cities as a mechanism towards a broader understanding of infrastructure interdependencies
No full textCities are centres of innovation, but they also face great challenges such as rapid urbanization, climate change and increased pressure on city services. While working in partnership has been considered as an essential element in urban management, the increasing interconnected nature of infrastructure networks has provided opportunities for reshaping the decision-making process, enabling new sites of experimentation and stimulating sustainable and inclusive urban infrastructure. However, in the UK, the current approach to infrastructure management and creation make infrastructure networks vulnerable. After its introduction in 2008, the concept of ‘smart city’ has promised to offer, through the use of smart technologies and data, a means to solve the unprecedented challenges being faced today in more integrated ways. This paper explores whether ‘smart cities’, as integrated infrastructures, can go beyond connecting just a series of physical assets in the city. By looking at two smart city examples, namely Bristol and Milton Keynes in the UK, as sites of experimentation as well as technological assemblages, the paper argues that three elements emerge as important factors: ensuring collaboration, inclusion and institutional capacity in the context of mobilizing collective learning and transforming city infrastructure.Urban Development Managemen
Corrosion behavior of MgO-MgAl2O4-FeAl2O4 composite refractory materials
No full textWOS: 000399855700006This paper investigated the corrosion behavior of refractory materials that were produced by incorporating hercynite (FeAl2O4, H) at different ratios into MgO-MgAl2O4 (spinel, S). Meanwhile, the values of density and open porosity of those samples were also measured. The corrosion resistance of those composite refractory materials was determined by measuring the penetration distances and spreading areas. The influence of corrosion resistance based on the microstructural changes occurred as a result of solubility of constituents in the interface of clinker-refractory for different regions was examined by using SEM. The incorporation of FeAl2O4 into MgO-MgAl2O4 decreased the porosity of composite refractory materials and also reduced the penetration distances and spreading area values of the corroded regions of refractories, leading to improvement on the corrosion resistance. The optimum amounts of constituents incorporated into new composite refractory materials used for obtaining longer service life in industrial applications were determined.TUBITAK [106M394]This study was partly supported by TUBITAK under project no: 106M394. The author would like to thank Konya Selcuklu Krom Magnezit Tugla Sanayi A.S and all employees and personnel involved in this project for their support
Communal invalidation of young adults with co-occurring substance abuse and mental health issues
No full textThis study explores how young adults with co-occurring substance abuse and mental health issues experience the challenges of belonging to their local communities. The data were generated through qualitative in-depth interviews with seven young adult service users, six of whom were interviewed twice. The qualitative data analysis resulted in three overarching themes: the need to accept one’s own life and the structures surrounding it; being caught between conflicting social worlds; and moral fumbling in choices and actions. Using an empirical study, we suggest that a process of ‘communal invalidation’ operates through which young adults in the community are socially defined as inadequate. This invalidation serves as a formidable barrier to their recovery.acceptedVersionLocked until 22.9.2020 due to copyright restrictions. This is an [Accepted Manuscript] of an article published by Taylor & Francis, available at https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2019.158408
Rascality on the Mississippi: The Henderson Gang & Criminalizing Black Mobility in the Antebellum South
No full texthttps://rdc.reed.edu/v1/resources/7d37510a-65a2-496a-b606-92285b1206fe/thumb/128.jpgThis thesis examines the Mississippi River as a site of overlapping economic ambition and racial contestation in the antebellum United States. Far from being a neutral geographic feature or an inherently liberating force, the river functioned as a volatile corridor. Steamboat travel simultaneously enabled the expansion of the slave economy and provided opportunities for resistance by the very people it sought to subjugate. Yet the infrastructure that sustained this commerce also created gaps in authority, zones of ambiguity, and opportunities for subversion. Figures like the Henderson Gang and William Wells Brown both took advantage of the river’s spatial fluidity to carve out fleeting zones of autonomy, communication, and at times escape. At the heart of this thesis are the confessions of Madison Henderson and his accomplices, Black river workers who were executed in 1841 for a sensational robbery and double murder in St. Louis. Their confessions, shaped by both coercion and individual agency, reveal a philosophy of “rascality,” a defiant embrace of trickery, mobility, and material ambition that unnerved the moral and racial boundaries of the slaveholding south. Their actions contributed to widespread white panic, leading to new laws designed to restrict Black mobility and reinforce the boundaries of slavery. Drawing a plethora of confessions, slave narratives, and rich secondary sources, this thesis argues that the Mississippi River functioned as a site of friction between competing sovereignties and diverging Black and white aspirations. To that end, the thesis foregrounds the centrality of Black mobility in shaping the social order of the antebellum South. The Mississippi was not inherently inclined toward freedom; it was shaped by those who moved upon it
A Multi-Scale Approach to Implications of the Preferred Vertebral Trabecular Orientation on Spine Biomechanics
No full textKnowledge of the influence of loading directions on trabecular bone remodeling in spine is of significant value in understanding the development of spine deformities and vertebral bone quality across different scales. Information on the constitution of a preferred trabecular orientation and mechanical properties of trabecular bone are important indicators in this respect. The current thesis aimed at exploring these aspects across multiple length scales in the spine. The thesis is divided in two parts. The influence of loadings less dominant than compression, i.e. shear, on the constitution of a preferred trabecular orientation in the spine on the macro-tissue level (>10 mm) was investigated in the first part (Part I). This influence was related to mechanical characteristics of trabecular structures on the micro-tissue scale (1-10 mm) in the second part (Part II). In Part I, primary trabecular orientations (PTOsmacro) near the superior and inferior vertebral endplates of L1 and L5 of 6 human spine cadavers were determined on the macro level using micro computed tomography imaging (voxel size = 120 m3), by calculating the dominant fabric principal vector. Their relative deviations to the axial compression vectors in the spines, quantified by the normals to the endplate (NEs), were determined afterwards. The average deviation between the PTOmacro and NEs was 6.24⁰ (±4.34⁰). The PTOsmacro did not show a preference towards the anterior or posterior direction relative to the NE. From the deviations, it was concluded that trabecular bone in the spine predominantly adapts to compression loads. However, secondary loading directions, such as shear, are of additional influence. In Part II, 13 small cubes (6.0x6.0 mm) from the volumes of interest in Part I were analysed on the micro level with regard to elasticity. Components, component ratios and primary elastic orientations (PEOmicro) of elasticity tensors, computed by the simulation of mechanical tests in finite element (FE) models, were calculated. PTOs of the cubes (PTOsmicro) were compared to the PEOsmicro and related to the PTOsmacro and NEs (Part I) qualitatively. Elasticity tensor components were within a reasonable range (approximately 1-250 MPa, excluding outliers) and no material symmetry was found, i.e. the structures were mechanically anisotropic. PTOsmicro deviated 13.90⁰ (±8.04⁰) with respect to the PEOsmicro on average. 10 out of 13 PEOsmicro had similar anterior or posterior tendencies as the PTOsmacro with respect to the NEs. 11 out of 13 PTOsmicro had similar anterior or posterior tendencies as PTOsmacro with respect to the NEs. Elastic properties of typical trabecular structures in the vertebral bodies were successfully determined. Due to a relatively low resolution, PEOsmicro deviated strongly with the PTOsmicro. Such deviations could function as indicators for bone quality in skeletal disease diagnostics using low resolution imaging. PTOsmicro and PEOsmicro agreed relatively well to the PTOsmacro on the macro-tissue level, in terms of anteriorly or posterior tendencies relative to axial loading in the spine. This outcome shows promise for multi-scalar biomechanical analysis of trabecular bone.A Multi-Scale Approach to Implications of the Preferred Vertebral Trabecular Orientation on Spine BiomechanicsBiomedical Engineering | Tissue Biomechanics and Implant
The Influence of the Size of the Search Space on Learning to Play Chess using Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithms
No full textThe current state-of-the-art solutions for playing Chess, are created using deep reinforcement learning. AlphaZero, the current world champion, uses ’policy networks’ and ’value network’ for selecting moves and evaluating positions respectively. However, the training of these networks are done using reinforcement learning from games of selfplay. There are many factors which determine the learning speed of reinforcement learning algorithms, where the size of the search space is a main one. In this research, we have tried to see the effect of the size of the search space on the time it takes the reinforcement learning agent to learn.Benchmarking Deep Reinforcement LearningComputer Science and Engineerin
Industry4.0 Technology Battles in Manufacturing Operations Management: Non-technical dominance factors for IIoT & MES
No full textWith the Fourth Industrial Revolution, new industrial automation technologies (Industrial IoT) may replace the existing standard (MES). Most literature analyses software vendor techno-functional design, or manufacturer’s digital transformation. This paper takes a novel approach, by analysing the Business Eco-System with a lens of 11 nontechnical dominance factors. Evolutionary Economics and Economics Networks models are employed, such as Platform Wars, Technology Battles and Hughes’ Large Technical System. Can existing vendors adopt the new technologies, or will market entrants gain market dominance? How can manufacturers respond to the market uncertainty? A lot is at stake; will Europe be able to re-industrialise, and re-shore millions of jobs lost to Asia?Management of Technology (MoT
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