637 research outputs found
Pierre Bourdieu, l’Algérie et le pessimisme anthropologique
No full textThe author held a structuring scientific reading of Bourdieu model on Kabylia region and on the social world in general. He revisited the theoretical corpus and the first empirical work held in Algeria in the second half of the fifties by Pierre Bourdieu. He first reminded that Bourdieu was interested in that country from a dual perspective: sociological and anthropological, analysing on the one hand the effects of colonial domination on the Algerian society from a sociological perspective and on the other hand, studying the Kabyle village and its culture from an anthropological perspective. Lahouari Addi then demonstrates, in an enlightening way, how the key concepts of the theoretical work of Bourdieu (habitus, social capital, ...) have been forged in theis founding research. For him, Kabylia never ceased to be a paradigmatic reference to show the hidden character of the mechanisms of the social domination and the historical basis of the rationality of the economic discourse in Western societies
Preliminary Report on the Archaeological Excavation of Mäqabər Ga‘əwa at Addi Akaweh (Tigrai, Ethiopia)
No full textMäqabǝr Ga‘ǝwa is a recently unearthed site which is located in the Tigray Regional State, Eastern Zone, Wuqro Kilte Awla’elo district, in a village named Addi Akaweh. The team, led by the author, carried out an archaeological excavation at this site, which is locally attributed to the legendary queen named “ Ga‘ǝwa”, also known as Yodit or Gudit. Operating in the perspective of preventive archaeology, the team’s main objective was to check the potential of the site before its destruction for the construction of a new small town. The team opened twelve trenches and subsequently discovered altars bearing Pre-Aksumite inscriptions, a statue of a seated woman and other monuments.Rapport preliminaire sur la fouille archeologique de Mäqabǝr Ga‘ǝwa, à Addi Akaweh (Tigre, Ethiopie) ;
Le site nouvellement découvert de Mäqabǝr Ga‘ǝwa est localisé dans le Tigré, zone orientale, district de Wuqro, dans un village nommé Addi Akaweh. L’équipe, dirigée par l’auteur du présent rapport, effectua des fouilles archéologiques sur ce site localement attribué à une reine du nom de “ Ga‘ǝwa”, aussi appelée Yodit or Gudit. Le principal objectif était de tester le potentiel du site dans une perspective d’archéologie préventive, avant son éventuelle destruction pour cause de travaux publics. Dans cette optique, douze tranchées ont été pratiquées. L’équipe a découvert des autels portant des inscriptions pré-aksumites, une statue de femme assise et d’autres monuments.Hiluf Berhe. Preliminary Report on the Archaeological Excavation of Mäqabər Ga‘əwa at Addi Akaweh (Tigrai, Ethiopia). In: Annales d'Ethiopie. Volume 24, année 2009. pp. 15-31
Identification of molecular partners responding to the activation of Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor by uremic toxins
No full textLa maladie rénale chronique a pour principale complication les maladies cardiovasculaires. L’accumulation des toxines urémiques dérivées de la voie indolique du métabolisme du tryptophane, l’indole-3-acétique acide (IAA) et l’Indoxyl sulfate (IS), sont impliquées dans un phénomène clé des événements cardiovasculaires ; la thrombose. Ces toxines induisent l'expression et l'activité pro coagulante du facteur tissulaire (FT), principal initiateur cellulaire de la coagulation sanguine. Le facteur de transcription, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR), un récepteur cellulaire pour les toxines indoliques, est impliqué dans l'induction du FT endothélial. Les mécanismes par lesquels AhR contrôle l’expression du FT dans les cellules endothéliales sont peu connus.L’objectif principal de cette thèse était de déterminer les voies de signalisation et les facteurs de transcription impliqués dans l'expression du FT médiée par AhR et induit par l’IAA et l’IS. L’expression du FT induite par l’IAA et l’IS au niveau endothélial est contrôlée principalement par la transcription. L’IAA et l’IS activent la voie génomique classique d’AhR. Cependant, l’expression du FT n'est pas médiée par cette voie. L’activation du FT en réponse à l’IAA passe par une voie AhR-p38MAPK-NF-kB. En conclusion, l’induction par l'IAA du FT dans les cellules endothéliales humaines implique la voie non génomique d’AhR-p38MAPK/NF-KB. L’identification de cette voie de signalisation suggère que nous puissions dissocier l’effet détoxifiant d’AhR dépendant de la voie génomique, de l’effet prothrombotique.The main complication of chronic kidney disease is cardiovascular disease. Accumulation of uremic toxins derived from the tryptophan metabolism indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and Indoxyl sulfate (IS) pathways, are involved in a key phenomenon of cardiovascular events; thrombosis. These toxins induce the expression and pro-coagulant activity of tissue factor (TF), the main cellular initiator of blood coagulation. The transcription factor, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR), a cellular receptor for indole toxins, is involved in the induction of endothelial TF. The mechanisms by which AhR controls the expression of TF in endothelial cells are poorly understood. The main objective of this thesis was to determine the signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in the expression of AhR mediated TF and induced by the IAA and the SI.The expression of IAA-mediated TF and endothelial IS is controlled primarily by transcription. The IAA and the IS are activating the classical genomic AhR pathway. However, the expression of TF is not mediated by this way. Activation of TF in response to the IAA passes through an AhR-p38MAPK-NF-kB pathway.In conclusion, induction by IAA of TF in human endothelial cells involves the non-genomic pathway of AhR-p38MAPK / NF-KB. The identification of this signaling pathway suggests that we can dissociate the detrimental effect of AhR depending on the genomic pathway, the prothrombotic effect
Economic shocks and the global environment
No full textPolicy formulation in most countries is complicated by the role of the external economic environment, especially during periods of great external shocks. The authors examine how individual countries were affected by, and responded to, external shocks. They apply an enhanced version of an earlier methodology for estimating the effect of three kinds of shock: terms of trade, variations in global demand, and changes in the interest rate. They discuss the magnitude of these shocks and country responses to them in Brazil, Ireland, and Korea and present numerical results for some other countries. The authors find that the magnitude of external shocks may be greater than previously recognized. The size and components of the shock depend on such factors as the country's openness to trade, the composition of its imports and exports, and its level of external debt. The authors also found that countries differ greatly in their responses to external shocks. Some rely on additional external financing, some place more emphasis on export promotion, and others favor import substitution. The authors conclude that the magnitude and composition of external shocks should be part of any explanation of why growth rates differ among countries.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Trade Policy,Achieving Shared Growth
Tryptophan-Derived Uremic Toxins and Thrombosis in Chronic Kidney Disease
No full textPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) display an elevated risk of thrombosis. Thrombosis occurs in cardiovascular events, such as venous thromboembolism, stroke, and acute coronary syndrome, and is a cause of hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction. CKD leads to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which exerts toxic effects on blood and the vessel wall. Some uremic toxins result from tryptophan metabolization in the gut through the indolic and the kynurenine pathways. An increasing number of studies are highlighting the link between such uremic toxins and thrombosis in CKD. In this review, we describe the thrombotic mechanisms induced by tryptophan-derived uremic toxins (TDUT). These mechanisms include an increase in plasma levels of procoagulant factors, induction of platelet hyperactivity, induction of endothelial dysfunction/impairment of endothelial healing, decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and production of procoagulant microparticles. We focus on one important prothrombotic mechanism: The induction of tissue factor (TF), the initiator of the extrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation. This induction occurs via a new pathway, dependent on the transcription factor Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the receptor of TDUT in cells. A better understanding of the prothrombotic mechanisms of uremic toxins could help to find novel therapeutic targets to prevent thrombosis in CKD
Arc of the Absent Author: Thomas Pynchon's Trajectory from Entropy to Grace
No full text266 p.In the simplest of terms this dissertation draws on the work of Pierre Bourdieu to study Thomas Pynchon¿s novel Againts the Day, to do so involves study of the US literary field, the history of positions that Pynchon has occupied, and the resultant trajectory that can be derived from that. This method analyzes the sociogenesis of the author¿s habitus and thus the practice that produces the literary product being studied
Gaze-contingent interfaces: The effect on noticing times of time critical warning messages under Level 2 driving conditions while interacting with in-vehicle technology
No full textWith the introduction of automated driving systems come benefits such as the improvement of traffic safety. However, with an increasing level of automation in vehicles also comes an increase in interaction with in-vehicle technology by drivers while they are meant to supervise the automated driving systems. Due to more interaction with in-vehicle technology and a vigilance decrement of the driver in Level 2 driving, an increase in reaction time of the driver is seen when intervention is needed by the means of a take over request. This delay in reaction by the driver opposes the benefit of the introduction of automated driving systems and causes hazardous situations. To try and circumvent the effect of vigilance decrement, this paper attempts to demonstrate the reduction of noticing time of the Hands-On-Wheel warning message for drivers of Level 2 vehicles while interacting with in-vehicle technology through the implementation of a gaze-contingent interface. The results of this experiment indicate a 79.3% lower noticing time of the Hands-On-Wheel warning message when the stimulus is placed in a gazecontingent manner, while the participants engage in secondary tasks on the in-vehicle technology. The placement of the stimulus on the head unit when the participant is already looking at it reduces the primary task load of touching the steering wheel and causes for the stimulus to be seen quicker as compared to a static interface. However, the performance of the secondary task seems to decrease when using a gaze-contingent interface. This is due to the intrusive nature of the placement of the stimulus, which demands the driver to store information regarding the secondary task in their working memory while they attend to the primary task. Despite the decline in secondary task performance, the reduction of noticing times of time critical messages when placed in a gaze-contingent manner could be beneficial to the safety of autonomous driving functions where the driver has a vigilance task and is engaging in secondary tasks.Mechanical Engineering | Vehicle Engineering | Human Factor
Domestic energy use in England and Wales: a 3D density grid approach
No full textHousehold energy use is of relevance for studies of sustainability and fuel poverty.
Detailed mapping and spatial analysis is possible in the UK due to the release of
fine-scale household energy-use data. The cartographical approach used here focuseson urban energy use and the relative performance of urban areas in England and
Wales. The energy-use data were transformed to a 1 km 2
grid of cells allowing con-sistent comparisons to be made between urban areas at the same zonal scale. Addi-
tionally cells were extruded according to population density, highlighting basic relationships between density and energy use. The urban perspective on energy use
is important due to the strong influence of the built environment in determining energy efficiency, and furthermore due to the clustering of affluent and deprived
social groups in cities. The results of the mapping highlight how the lowest and the highest energy-use districts are located within the same city-regions, and how further variations in energy use relate to housing density and energy-efficiency behaviours
Philosophy of Jurisprudence: A Study of the Methodological Foundations of Islamic Jurisprudence - [فلسفة الفقه دراسة في الأسس المنهجية للفقه الإسلامي]: A Book Review (Full text in Arabic)
No full textThis article offers a comprehensive critical review of Mohamed Mostafawi's book, "Philosophy of Jurisprudence: A Study of the Methodological Foundations of Islamic Jurisprudence." The author explores the distinction between Usul al-Fiqh (traditional principles) and the "Philosophy of Fiqh" as a modern analytical field that examines the theoretical underpinnings and external factors influencing legal derivation (Istinbat). The review highlights the book’s attempt to move beyond repetitive scholarly cycles by analyzing the "Logical Structure" of Ijtihad and the historical influence of Aristotelian logic on Islamic legal thought. Furthermore, it discusses the intersection of Fiqh with other disciplines such as theology (Kalam), linguistics, and social sciences. While acknowledging the book's depth, the reviewer notes a conceptual overlap where the work functions more as a "Philosophy of Usul al-Fiqh" rather than a philosophy of the legal branches themselves. This review is pivotal for understanding contemporary attempts to modernize Islamic legal methodology
The Argumentative Reason between Al-Ghazali and Averroes by Mohamed Ait Hammou [العقل الحجاجي بين الغزالي وابن رشد]: A Book Review (Full text in Arabic)
No full textThis article provides a critical scholarly review of Mohamed Ait Hammou's book, "The Argumentative Reason between Al-Ghazali and Averroes." It explores the dialectical tension between the "Argumentative Reason" (Al-’Aql al-Hujjaji) and "Demonstrative Logic" (Al-Burhan) within the Islamic philosophical tradition. The review analyzes how Al-Ghazali utilized a rigorous methodological critique to challenge the Greek ontological monopoly, while Averroes sought to harmonize religion and philosophy through his theory of Interpretation (Ta’wil). By examining the concepts of "Reason" and "Argumentation," the author highlights the ethical and methodological dimensions of the disagreement between these two intellectual giants. Furthermore, the review addresses the dual nature of Averroes’ writings and his critique of Kalam (theology). Ultimately, this work contributes to the contemporary understanding of the Moroccan philosophical school and its efforts to reconstruct the intellectual history of Islamic thought through a modern, critical lens
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