1,721,006 research outputs found
Basic valency orientation in Gothic
No full textThe article addresses the basic valency orientation of Gothic. The data is analyzed mainly qualitatively, but, differently from previous similar studies, an insight is given into a quantitative model further supporting the findings of the former approach. Whereas the only transitivizing strategy found is causativization through Go. -ja- (< PIE *-éi̯e/o-), three detransitivizing strategies are employed: voice alternation, reflexivization, and na-derivation. The last-mentioned strategy pairs with ja-derivation to make up one of the two non-oriented means of encoding the anticausative alternation, the other being suppletion. A summary of the key findings is: The passive voice appears to play a role, albeit marginal, as the noncausal element
of the anticausative alternation. Out of the other two detransitivizing strategies, na-verbs are productive in East and North Germanic. Based on the Gothic evidence, na-verbs with specialized nonagentive meaning are formed primarily on roots whose semantics preferably selects for inanimate S/O’s. Following the extension to verbal roots of opposite alignment, the formation becomes a competitor to the reflexive construction. As a result of rise in productivity, na-verbs are selected to encode the noncausal end of the anticausative alternation, eventually ousting the reflexive construction
as a competitor to the middle
Valency patterns and alternations in Gothic
No full textThis paper investigates Gothic valency patterns and alternations applyingthe methodology of the ValPaL project. Our data consists of 87 verb meanings basedon those in the ValPaL corpus, which we supplemented due to gaps in coverage.Valency alternations are divided into uncoded and coded patterns. The uncodedgroup includes partitive, null object, external possessor, cognate/kindred object,applicative, (marginally) causal : non causal, and (marginally) reflexive alternations.The coded group comprises the applicative, passive, causal : noncausal,reflexive, and reciprocal alternations. The nature of the Gothic corpus (extension,genre, and nature of the text) influenced the results: some constructions were lessfrequently attested than expected; genre influenced the frequency of some verbalusages; some marginally attested constructions are owed to the Greek translationalsource. Most remarkably, we showed that: (i) in respect to the debated issueregarding the interpretation of Gothic passives, these can be employed to expressnoncausal situations; (ii) within the causal : noncausal alternation, whereas thecausal domain is tied to ja-suffixation, the noncausal domain can be expressed by avariety of means, including na-verbs. Our results confirmed Ottósson’s (2013) viewthat the noncausal domain was systematized at a later stage than the causal one.Transitivity and argument structure in flu
Instances of loanword/native word textual variation in the manuscript transmission of Egils saga Skallagrímssonar and Gísla saga Súrssonar
No full textIn this article, textual variation with reference to loanwords and respective native words is addressed. Examples are taken from two sagas of the Icelanders, Egils saga Skallagrímssonar and Gísla saga Súrssonar. Whereas, in the former, only one significant instance is found, the latter saga provides a handful of cases worth investigating. In the case of Egils saga, the word pair buklari – skjǫldr is analyzed, and the conclusion drawn is that skjǫldr is the original lectio in the passage. With regard to Gísla saga, three different stemmata are compared and reevaluated in light of loanword/native word lexical pairs (ambátt – þý, buffeit – kinnhestr, fría – firra, kompánn – félagi). In particular, the pentalogue developed by Guðni Kolbeinsson and Jónas Kristjánsson (1979) is applied to the cases under discussion and its validity confirmed against the stemmata provided by Finnur Jónsson (1929) and Jón Helgason (1956). In the concluding paragraph, it is conjectured that native lexical strategies underlying the expansion of the Icelandic lexicon do not differ with respect to loanword chronology and that the coinage of neoformations develops noticeably from the twelfth century on, whereas before that time a stronger adherence to learned models is identifiable. This latter result may, however, be somewhat distorted, due to the more limited degree of variation in text typologies before the 12th century as opposed to the flourishing of different Icelandic literary genres from the 12th century onwards.https://doi.org/10.33063/diva-400605</p
Lat. scrībere in Germanic
Get PDFPost-print (lokagerð höfundar)The present article deals with the reflexes of Lat. scrībere in Germanic. It is
proposed that the word was borrowed into Germanic at quite an early stage
(1st century AD) as a result of contacts between West-Germanic-speaking
populations and the Romans. Special stress is put on the importance of the
Roman military in introducing the practice of writing among those that
served in the army. Special attention is given to the North Germanic reflexes
of Lat. scrībere in order to tentatively explain the morphological difference
found in that branch of Germanic, where the verb is found both in the first
class of strong verbs and in the second class of weak verbs. It is proposed
that the former conjugation is primary, and that the rise of the latter is due
to later developments such as lexical analogical processes and language-
external causes. Furthermore, the present study confirms from a different
perspective that English influence on writing is primary in the Old-West-
Norse-speaking area. Finally, Schulte’s (2015) proposal is re-read in the light
of terminological evidence from England and Scandinavia.Peer reviewed (text as published
OIcel. kærr ‘dear, beloved’ and the “Picardian hypothesis”
No full textThis article challenges Fischer’s 1909 implied proposal that OIcel. kærr [9th/10th c.+] is a North French, Picardian, loan. Fischer’s etymology, which was preceded and inspired by Jessen’s 1893 work on Danish, is rejected on the phonological grounds that the initial plosive in Icelandic is palatal and not velar, cf. orthographies such as ⟨kiær⟩. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that Picardian, actually, could show an incipient palatalization of /k/ in that phonological context, as shown by orthographies such as ⟨kier⟩, so that Fischer’s initial assumption was faulty to begin with. The inadequacy of the “Picardian hypothesis” is demonstrated by reference to two other French loans, katel [1250+] and kisill [14th c., hapax]. The former, which in theory could be a loan from Picardian, is a Middle English (or even Latin) borrowing, whereas the latter, for which a Picardian source word is not attested, shows that the outcome of the adaptation process of [c] or [t͡ʃ] is invariably OIcel. /c/. A further external argument is that, in light of Icelandic and Scandinavian history, one cannot assume that both kærr and katel are loans from Picardian, because that would entail an early Picardian influence in Scandinavia which only continued in Iceland well into the thirteenth century
Jón Ólafsson from Grunnavík: cultivation of language in his early writings (1727–1737)
Get PDFThis is the updated version of the author’s manuscript and contains the text of the article as
published in Language & History 60:3 (2017), 180‒189
(https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2018.1492807).
Please refer to the PUBLISHED VERSION when citing the article.This article discusses Jón Ólafsson from Grunnavík (1705–1779), a prominent spokesperson for purism and language cultivation in eighteenth-century Iceland. Jón’s attitude towards his mother tongue is investigated here by discussing several representative texts that he wrote: his youthful translation of Barthold Feind’s Cosmographia (1727, AM 958 4to); a Latin lecture on the Icelandic language (written no later than 1730, AM 1013 4to, ff. 68r–76r); the introduction to Jón’s orthographic treatise (ca. 1733, AM 435 fol.); a purist wordlist (ca. 1736, AM 1013 4to, f. 37v); and Hagþenkir, a treatise on education (1737, JS 83 fol.). After a short introduction, there follows a brief overview of Jón Ólafsson’s life, learning, and scholarly publications. The next section examines Jón’s attitude towards his mother tongue as reflected in the aforementioned texts. In the concluding section, the issue of language cultivation in eighteenth-century Iceland is addressed. In particular, it is argued that in Jón’s foster father, Páll Vídalín (1667–1727), there exists a link between Jón Ólafsson and the “father” of Icelandic purism, Arngrímur Jónsson the Learned (1568–1648).Author's manuscript (text as published
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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