673 research outputs found
EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSĪR QUR`ᾹN KARĪM KARYA MAHMUD YUNUS
No full textThis article explains the thoughts of Mahmud Yunus in studying the epistemology of Tafsīr Qur`ān Karīm which is in Indonesian, complete in 30 chapters, to test its truth or to what extent the interpretation can be justified. According to the author, what is interesting to discuss: first, what are the sources used as references Mahmud Yunus in Tafsīr Qur`ān Karīm, secondly, what is the method of Mahmud Yunus in writing his book and thirdly, what is the validity of Mahmud Yunus's interpretation in Tafsīr Qur`ān Karīm. In order to achieve this purpose, this study uses analysis-based library research methods. The results of this study show: that the sources of interpretation referred to by Mahmud Yunus in Tafsīr Qur`ān Karīm include an-naql and al-aql sources, namely the Qur’an, hadith, qaul companions, qaul tabiin, holy books and opinions of scholars, reasoning, Arabic, scientific discoveries or scientific theories, and reality. However, the use of the al-'aql source is more dominant in its interpretation so that it is classified into the interpretation of bi al-ra'yi. Regarding the validity of his interpretation, Mahmud Yunus adheres to the correspondence theory of truth in which his interpretation of the kauniyah verses can be said to be in accordance with reality and scientific facts. Besides that, he also adheres to a pragmatic theory in which he tries so that the product of his interpretation can be an alternative solution for solving socio-religious problems faced by society
少資源言語及び方言における多言語有害情報検出
No full text北見工業大学博士(工学)Cyberbullying detection in low-resource languages and dialects presents significant challengesdue to limited annotated datasets, linguistic diversity, and unique cultural expressions such assarcasm. This thesis addresses these challenges by focusing on 21 languages and dialects, including Bangla and Chittagonian, through the development of novel methods that leverage linguistic similarity, cross-lingual transfer learning, and machine learning.
Firstly, I conducted a systematic review of all studies published in years 2017–2023 on cyberbullying detection in low-resource languages, identifying critical gaps such as inconsistent definitions, annotation biases, or limited consideration of dialectal variations. To address these gaps, I developed and annotated Chittagonian dataset containing vulgar remarks. A keyword extraction baseline method demonstrated near-human performance in extracting vulgar terms, although showed a low performance in vulgar sentence classification.
Next, I applied machine learning (ML) to further enhance the accuracy by addressing limitations in the keyword-based approach. Additionally, I created Bangla and Chittagonian cyberbullying dataset, and validated it using standard inter-rater agreement metrics. These datasets were tested across various machine and deep learning models, with transformer-based models achieving up to 84% accuracy. Further error inspection showed that sarcasm can be difficult for even the newest ML methods. Therefore I addressed this problem using a novel approach that integrates sarcasm detection with explainable AI techniques. This approach reduced false positives in sarcastic remark classification, improving detection accuracy.
Furthermore, I proposed a transfer learning method based on source-target language similarity to enhance zero-shot cross-lingual transfer learning for cyberbullying detection in low-resource languages and dialects. I collected publicly available datasets for 21 languages, from diverse language groups such as Indo-Aryan (Bengali, Chittagonian, etc.), Sino-Tibetan (Bodo), Dravidian (Tamil, Kannada, etc.), Semitic (Arabic), Oghuz (Turkish), Austronesian (Indonesian, Vietnamese), and Indo-European (Polish, English). Initially, two multilingual transformers, mBERT and XLM-RoBERTa, were tested across these languages. mBERT outperformed XLM-RoBERTa in those experiments. Thus, I selected mBERT for further experiments with zero-shot cross-lingual transfer learning. To determine optimal source-target language pairings, I employed various language
similarity metrics such as eLinguistics, lang2vec, qWALS, and EzGlot, revealing correlations between language similarity and classifier performance.
This work establishes a scalable framework for multilingual cyberbullying detection in low-resource languages, advancing the understanding of linguistic diversity, sarcasm detection, and transfer language optimization. The findings contribute actionable insights for developing robust detection systems, fostering safer online environments globally.少資源言語及び方言における有害情報（誹謗中傷等）検出の研究には，正解タグ付きデータセット不足，言語の多様性不足，皮肉等文化依存の表現による曖昧性等，多くの課題が存在している．本研究では，言語的類似性，言語間転移学習及びTransformerベースの先進的な機械学習技術を活用した手法の開発を行い，21の言語と方言に焦点を当て，これらにおける有害情報の自動検出の課題に取り組んだ．
まず，少資源言語における有害情報検出に関する2017〜2023年発表の全ての研究に関してシステマティックレビューを行い，従来研究における課題を調査した．その結果，少資源言語及び方言における有害情報検出研究の不足を始め，有害情報関連用語の定義の不一致，データのアノテーションにおけるバイアス，方言考慮の不足などの重要な課題を特定した．これらの課題に対処するため，卑猥表現と猥褻表現を特定し，それらの表現を含む新規のチッタゴン語データセットを収集した．さらに，入力文からそのような卑猥・猥褻表現を自動抽出する手法を提案し，キーワード抽出をベースにした有害情報検出のベースライン手法を提案した．卑猥・猥褻表現抽出用の手法は人間に近い性能を示し，キーワード抽出ベースの有害情報検出の手法を将来にも応用可能にした．しかし，キーワードベースのアプローチには限界がありそれに対処し，機械学習手法も応用し，さらに精度を向上させた．
その次，ベンガル語とチッタゴン語のための有害情報検出用の新たなデータセットを作成し，アノテーター間信頼性指標を用いて検証した．このデータセットを用いて，複数の機械学習及び深層学習のアルゴリズムを分類に用いて実験的に比較した．その結果，トランスフォーマーベースのモデルは最大84%の精度を達成した．さらに，有害情報検出の研究で見過ごされがちである皮肉検出をLIMEなどの説明可能なAI技術を統合する手法を用いて分析を行った．この手法により，皮肉な発言の分類における誤検出が減少し検出精度が向上した．
次には，少資源言語と方言における有害情報検出のためのゼロショット言語間転移学習を応用し，学習起点言語と目的言語の類似性に基づく転移学習手法を提案した．そのために，まず，インド・アーリア語族，シナ・チベット語族，ドラビダ語族，セム語族など，多様な言語群にまたがる21言語を含む統一した多言語の有害情報検出用のデータセットを開発した．当初、このデータセットを用いて2つの多言語のトランスフォーマーモデル，mBERTとXLM-RoBERTaを実験的に検証し比較した．結果として，mBERTがXLM-RoBERTaより優れた結果となり，そのモデルをゼロショットの言語間転移学習のさらなる実験に選出した．最適な起点言語と目的言語のペアを決定するためには，eLinguistics，lang2vec，qWALS，EzGlotという複数の言語類似性指標を使用し，言語類似性と分類器の性能に相関が存在することを明らかにしました．
本研究は，少資源言語における有害情報検出のためのスケーラブルなフレームワークを確立し，言語の多様性，皮肉検出，移転言語の最適化に関する理解を深めることに貢献している．これらの知見は，堅牢な検出システムの開発に貢献し，グローバルなオンライン環境の安全性向上を促進する．doctoral thesi
Mahmud Bin Abdülaziz’in “Makasidü’l-Edvar” adlı eseri
No full textMahmud b. Abdülaziz, 15. yüzyılın sonu ve 16. yüzyılın başında yaşamış, hayatını sarayda ser-mutribân olarak geçirmiş, kuvvetli bir mûsikîşinas ve yazardır. Dedesi ve babası da çok ünlü mûsikî bilginlerinden olan Mahmud b. Abdülaziz, dedesi ve babası gibi Safiyyüddin Urmevî’den itibaren ortaya konulan 17’li ses sistemine dair eserini yazmıştır. Makāsidü’l-Edvâr adlı eserinde ses sistemine dair kendi dönemine kadar tespit edilmiş bütün bilgilere kısaca değinmiş ve o bilgilere bir takım ilâvelerde bulunmuştur. İcat edilmiş devirlerden bahsetmiş ve onlara kendi icat ettiği devirleri de ilâve etmiştir. Mahmud b. Abdülaziz eserinde kendisine ait olan bestelerden de bahsetmiştir fakat nota kaydı vermemiştir. Ayrıca yine kendisinin icat ettiği enstrumandan bahsetmiştir. Mahmud b. Abdülaziz’in Makāsidü’l-Edvâr adlı eseri 15. yüzyılda mûsikîye dair son kitap olması itibariyle önemlidir. İçerdiği bilgilerin o dönemin gelmiş olduğu noktayı net olarak ortaya koyması sebebiyle bu önem daha da artmaktadır. Günümüzde de kullanılan bir sistem olan 17’li ses sistemi hakkındaki bu eser makamların, perdelerin, aralıkların, dizilerin, usûllerin ve bazı enstrumanların hakkında bilgiler ihtiva ettiği için o dönemin müziğini anlamak açısından önemli bir çalışmadır.Mahmut b. Abdulaziz was a great musician and a great author who lived at the end of the 15th century and at the beginning of 16th century; he spent his life at the Ottoman palace as a head musician. Mahmud b Abdulaziz whose grandfather and father also were very famous scholar of music, like his grandfather and his father, wrote a book about the 17 sound system set out by Safiyyüddin Urmevi and by those who came after him. In his book Makāsidü’l-Edvar Mahmud b. Abdulaziz examined the works written before him until his period about the sound system and made a number of additions. He mentioned the makams invented before him and added his own makams he had invented. Mahmud b. Abdulaziz mentioned in his work his own compositions, but did not record the note. He mentioned also the instrument he had invented. The Makāsidü’l-Edvâr of Mahmud b. Abdulaziz is a very important book from the point of view that it is the last book written about the music in15th century. It contains much information about that period; this increases clearly its importance even more. This book gives in formations about the 17 sound system, which is used also nowadays notes, intervals, sequences, procedures and it contains information about some of the instruments; therefore it is an important study in order to understand the music of that era
PATRIOTISME DALAM SYAIR BITAQAH HAWIYYAH KARYA MAHMUD DARWISY
No full textPoetry is a literary media that is very dense of meaning. Poetry is also a medium for conveying ideas of a poet to be conveyed to the reader. In this paper the author will convey the explanation of the meaning poem “Bit}a>qah Hawiyyah†by Mahmud Darwisy using the study of semiotics. In this paper the presentation uses qualitative methods by library research and uses Riffaterre\u27s semiotic theory. The formulation of the problem in this paper is how the form of the unity of meaning structure in the poem “Bit}a>qah Hawiyyah†by Mahmud Darwisy using Riffaterre\u27s semiotic study. The purpose of this study was to determine the form of the unity of meaning structure in the poem “Bit}a>qah Hawiyyah†by Mahmud Darwisy using Riffaterre\u27s semiotic study. The result of this research is the form of the unity of meaning structure in the poem “Bit}a>qah Hawiyyah†by Mahmud Darwisy is Nationalism and Patriotism which manifests in pride, love and maintenance of identity, homeland and ownership.Puisi merupakan media sastra yang sangat padat akan sebuah makna. Puisi juga sebagai media penyampai ide atau gagasan seorang penyair yang ingin disampaikan pada pembaca. Pada tulisan ini penulis akan menyampaikan paparan pemaknaan puisi “Bitaqah Hawiyyah†karya Mahmud Darwisy dengan menggunakan kajian semiotika. Pada tulisan ini pemaparan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan cara penelitian pustaka dan memakai teori semiotika Riffaterre. Rumusan masalah pada tulisan ini yaitu bagaimana bentuk kesatuan struktur makna pada puisi “Bitaqah Hawiyyah†karya Mahmud Darwisy dengan menggunakan kajian semiotika Riffaterre. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bentuk kesatuan struktur makna pada puisi “Bitaqah Hawiyyah†karya Mahmud Darwisy dengan menggunakan kajian semiotika Riffaterre. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bentuk kesatuan struktur makna pada puisi puisi “Bitaqah Hawiyyah†karya Mahmud Darwisy yaitu Nasionalisme dan Patriotisme yang terwujud pada kebanggaan, kecintaan dan pemertahanan pada identitas, tanah air dan kepemilikan
Komunitas Adat Kampung Mahmud di Tengah Arus Perubahan
No full textAbstrakKampung Mahmud adalah sebuah kampung adat yang masyarakatnyateguh memegang dan melaksanakan tradisi yang diwarisi dari leluhurnya. Namunarus modernisasi ternyata membawa dampak terhadap kehidupan sosial budayamasyarakat setempat yang sudah mulai menampakkan perubahan. Beberapatradisi yang semula dipegang teguh oleh warga komunitas Kampung Mahmud, kinimulai melonggar. Komunitas adat ini berdomisili di wilayah Kabupaten Bandung.Penelitian ini mencoba mengkaji perubahan-perubahan pada aspek-aspek sosialdan budaya yang terjadi di kalangan komunitas adat Kampung Mahmud. Metodepenelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatandeskriptif analisis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terbuka denganbeberapa tokoh masyarakat dan warga komunitas terpilih, serta pengamatan langsungdi lapangan (observasi). AbstractKampung (village) Mahmud is an adat kampung that strictly preserves theircustoms inherited from their ancestors. But, modernization has given strong impactsto the community in terms of socio-cultural life which has gradually changed. Someof their traditions have become loosened. This adat commuity lives in KabupatenBandung. The research tries to study socio-cultural changes that has occurredamongst adat community of Kampung Mahmud. The author has conducted aqualitative method with descriptive approach. Data were collected through openedinterview with several key persons and selected community member as well asobservation.</jats:p
Corrigendum: Anemia detection through non-invasive analysis of lip mucosa images
No full textIn the published article, there was an error in the author list. The new requested author order is: Shekhar Mahmud1, Turker Berk Donmez2, Mohammed Mansour3*, Mustafa Kutlu3 and Chris Freeman41 Department of Systems Engineering, Military Technological College, Muscat, Oman 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye 3 Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye 4 Electronics and Computer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated. Copyright © 2023 Mahmud, Donmez, Mansour, Kutlu and Freeman
Personal reflection
No full textContribution to the 30th Anniversary of the Torture Journal by Dr. Mahmud Sehwail. The author brings an account of his life trajectory as a psychiatrist born and working in Palestine. The author dives in his early memories, including those of his brother's death, that shaped his character and the way he lives his rejection of occupation and violence. Besides the early institutional beginnings of the TRC Center in Ramallah, the author describes the subtle forms of the daily abuse that a doctor working in Palestine must endure
Doctrine of Love in Writings of 14th-Century Persian Mystic Mahmud Kashani
No full textThe article is devoted to the work of Mahmud Kashani (d. 735/1334-35), who was a sheikh of the Suhravardiya Sufi order and the author of several significant works. The object of analysis was one of the parts of his most famous work — the prose treatise “The lamp that indicates the true path, and the key to a sufficient amount [of mystical knowledge]”. The article deals with the religious views and scientific heritage of Mahmud Kashani. A commented translation of part of the first section “On Love” from the tenth chapter “Explanation of mystical states” of the specified work is proposed. Since Mahmud Kashani is also credited with the poem “Treasures of Secrets and Symbols of the Righteous”, dedicated to the psychological aspects of mystical love, we have also translated one of its chapters. Comparison of fragments of these works shows significant discrepancies in the explanation of love, which may be due to the fact that the author expounds the concept of love of ascetic Sufism in the first essay, and Sufism “based on love” in the second. The second direction goes back to the composition of the “Revelation of Love” by the Persian mystical philosopher Ahmad Ghazali. It is also possible that ‘Izz ad-Din Mahmud is not the author of the poem “Treasures of Secrets…”
Munāsabah dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Karim Karya Mahmud Yunus
No full textThis paper reviews the discourse on munāsabah found in the Qur'anic exegesis by Mahmud Yunus. This monumental tafsir sparked discussion due to Mahmud Yunus' bold approach to interpreting the Qur'an. Munāsabah is a study within the Ulumul Qur'an (the sciences of the Qur'an) that holds aesthetic value in the process of revelation since the Qur'an was first revealed. It serves as a historical key to understanding the context of certain verses when they were revealed. This research explores various aspects, including the munāsabah present in Mahmud Yunus' tafsir. This research employs a qualitative method based on library research, combining two sources: the primary source in the form of Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim and secondary sources such as journals, blogs, or relevant literature. The results of this study reveal that the author identified elements of munāsabah based on Mahmud Yunus' theoretical framework. The first is munāsabah between one surah and another in the Qur'an (such as between Surah Al-Baqarah: 22 and Surah An-Nur: 43). The second is the munāsabah between the end of one verse and the beginning of the next (such as between the end of Al-Baqarah: 219 and the beginning of Al-Baqarah: 220)
Konsep Pendidikan Modern Mahmud Yunus dan Kontribusinya Bagi Lembaga Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia
No full textThis research is motivated by the attitude of Muslim ambiguity in facing modernity which its existence is necessity and can not be rejected in any way. The product of modernity has roiled throughout the joints and pulse of human life without any rebellion. Because he is present with a friendly and pragmatic smile, so able to lull and make forget the impacts. The author formulates this research on the concept of modern education Mahmud Yunus and its relevance to modern education now and how its contribution to modern educational institutions in Indonesia. This study aims to get a picture of modern educational thinking Mahmud Yunus and its relevance to the birth of modern educational institutions in Indonesia. This research is library research, where the data obtained through primary data sources and secondary data, either through the source books of Mahmud Yunus figures directly or from reading materials and internet searching and interviews that the author describes by arranging them according to the theme and issues, especially issues related to the modernization of Islamic education in Indonesia. The concept of modern education Mahmud Yunus is a radical renewal of the education system by taking into account the needs and demands of society, without destroying the existing order. So the offer of modernization of education Mahmud Yunus, in the application of its implementation does not get opposition from anyone, both internal and ekster-nal. While his contribution to the birth of modern educational institutions in Indonesia; In the first place, institutional modernization, Mahmud Yunus is among those who pioneered the need to change the teaching system from the individual ones as applied in the pesantren using the sorogan or weton method. Secondly, the modernization in curriculum where Mahmud Yunus was the first to pioneer the existence of an integrated curriculum, a curriculum combining religious knowledge and general science in Islamic educational institutions, especially in developing Arabic teaching. Third, modernization in the field of learning, Mahmud Yunus is recognized by educational experts as a way hacker for the birth of new methods of Islamic education in Indonesia and he made a new teaching method that he introduced with the name al-thariqah al-mubasyarah (direct methode) that teaches various components science of Arabic. From the thought of Mahmud Yunus is found a new concept, namely; "ICT-based Modern Madrasahs" from the elaboration of the modernization concept both from the institutional side, the curriculum, the method of learning and producing a reliable educator in the hope of becoming a new paradigm for the world of Islamic education in the world and Indonesia in particular.Keywords: modern education, islamic education institution, integrated curriculu
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