14 research outputs found
Tropical timber trade policies : what impact will eco-labeling have?
No full textAbout 20 percent of the total production of tropical timber is traded internationally. But for Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and some countries in West-Central Africa, tropical timber trade accounts for more than 50 percent of production. Although the tropical timber trade has often been blamed for deforestation, the authors find that it contributes much less to deforestation than do poor policies for the production of tropical timber. Lack of tenure rights, short and uncertain logging concessions, low stumpage values, and inadequate monitoring of logging activities are among the major policy failures that help deplete the tropical forests. Trade policies, often identified as an instrument for enforcing environmental objectives internationally, are inefficient instruments for correcting domestic distortions, and in the case of tropical timber trade, may affect the environment perversely. Export and import restrictions ultimately depress the value of an already underpriced resource - the forest. Restrictions on log exports, for example, encourage wasteful processing of logs. Unless sound forest management policies are enforced domestically, the net effect could even be an increase in the rate of deforestation. Import restrictions may have a marginal impact, since trade accounts for less than 20 percent of production and most of the tropical timber is imported in Asia, where such restrictions currently do not exist. Even if import restrictions had a significant impact, it would be in a reduction in value of tropical logs that would make alternative uses of the forest lands more profitable - so the rate of deforestation might not be reduced. Eco-labeling's main strength is its capacity to discriminate (through market signals) in favor of timber produced under sound environmental practices. By contrast, bans and boycotts have an indiscriminate, perverse impact. But if eco-labeling is imposed unilaterally by a subset of countries, its effectiveness will be doubtful. It will lead to trade diversion and potentially perverse environmental results, not to mention an increase in GATT trade disputes. Even if eco-labeling is adopted by all importing countries, there could still be trade diversion in tropical timber products because some consumers may not prefer certified timber, given its higher price. Eco-labeling programs should be designed so that producers see them not as a nontariff barrier but as an instrument for capturing the rents associated with prevailing environmental concerns in the developed world. Consumer education is important to the success of such programs, and eco-labeling programs should be designed accordingly.Environmental Economics&Policies,Forestry,Silviculture,Forests and Forestry,Economic Theory&Research
NISHATIY - AN ENLIGHTENED POET
No full textThis article provides detailed information about the life, work and analysis of Muhammadniyoz Nishoti, an enlightened Uzbek poet, one of the most prolific representatives of the literary life of Khorezm, lyric poet, epic writer, and author of parables
NISHATIY - AN ENLIGHTENED POET
No full textThis article provides detailed information about the life, work and analysis of Muhammadniyoz Nishoti, an enlightened Uzbek poet, one of the most prolific representatives of the literary life of Khorezm, lyric poet, epic writer, and author of parables
THE INNER WORLD OF A WOMAN MRS. DALLOWAY , BY VIRGINIA WOOLF
No full textFollowing work is dedicated to how Virginia Woolf refuses external action, focusing on the image of the entire diversity of the inner life of her characters. Instead of a dynamic plot, the fundamental role of the images of the main character and the author-narrator, for the English writer, the unifying factors of the entire narrative are the close and thoughtful relationship of the characters in time and space
INGABORG BALDAUF IS THE RESEARCHER AND SKILLFUL TRANSLATOR OF UZBEK PEOPLE
No full textThis article is about German translator Ingaborn Baldauf’s creative searching on Uzbek poetry who has translated many poems into her mother language. The author tried to open peculiar aspects of her translations among others. In addition, there is given several translation examples too. While making the acquaintance with article you will read scientific searches of translator, so you may discover Baldauf also as a scholar
INFLUENCE OF THE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT ON HIGHER EDUCATION: CONSTRUCTIVE AND DESTRUCTIVE FACTORS
No full textThis article examines the modern external information environment as a dynamically developing sphere that determines the conditions for the development of modern society. The author draws attention to the two-sided nature of the information environment, including constructive and destructive aspects. The basic properties of the information environment are studied, such as volatility, complexity, dynamism, interactivity, interconnectedness of factors, globality and openness. Particular attention is paid to fluctuation and its connection with the uncertainty and unpredictability of changes in the modern information environment. The complexity of the information environment, consisting of many subsystems, and its changes as a result of the development of communication and computer networks are also considered. The author emphasizes that the rapid growth in the volume of information and increased information uncertainty require the user to process a large amount of data to obtain the necessary information
VOCABULARY OF THE THEMATIC GROUP "FAMILY" IN THE PROVERB AND SAYINGS OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE.
No full textThe purpose of this work is to compare proverbs with the concept of "family" in the modern Russian language. The institution of the family in the traditional sense is of great importance for the whole people, and this is reflected in the proverbs of different languages. The author divided proverbs that reveal family relationships into three groups. Each of these groups was also divided into several subgroups. The purpose of this work is to compare proverbs with the concept of "family" in the modern Russian language. The institution of the family in the traditional sense is of great importance for the whole people, and this is reflected in the proverbs of different languages. The author divided proverbs that reveal family relationships into three groups. Each of these groups was also divided into several subgroups
THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF FORMING THE SKILLS OF ECONOMIC EDUCATION IN STUDENTS
No full textIn this article, the author focuses on forming the skills of economic education in students, directly introducing each young generation to the society, introducing them to the basics of economy, perfecting such qualities as being able to think about economy, hard work, initiative, entrepreneurship, economic calculation, etc. aspects of which have been clarified
Pragmatics of Translation in Cross-Cultural Communication
No full textThe research is devoted to the problems of pragmatic aspects in translation which serves as a bridge in dialogue of cultures, representing author and recipient of the text. This cultural sensitivity in translation implies overcoming not only linguistic but also cultural barriers, which allows us to consider translation as a type of intercultural speech activity
Ingaborg Baldauf is the Researcher and Skillful Translator of Uzbek People
No full textThis article is about German translator Ingaborn Baldauf's creative searching on Uzbek poetry who has translated many poems into her mother language. The author tried to open peculiar aspects of her translations among others. In addition, there is given several translation examples too. While making the acquaintance with article you will read scientific searches of translator, so you may discover Baldauf also as a scholar
