1,720,963 research outputs found
A Fuzzy Approach to the Role of Symmetry in Shape Formation: The Illusion of the Scalene Triangle
No full textL'influenza delle textures sulle preferenze cognitive nel riconoscimento della simmetria
No full textThis paper explores the effects of the internal texture of an image on cognitive preferences relative to symmetry detection in humans. We devised an experiment on human subjects, based on identification of the main symmetry in a geometrical shape while varying its internal texture, whose results have been compared with the analysis of a fuzzy model of symmetry search incorporating elements form human experience. Results are in agreement with the gestalt model: rotational symmetry detection is also affected by factors perceived as less significative, such as the stimulus' internal texture, and this preference can easily be included in an automatic detection algorithm
L'introspezione tra psicologia del senso comune e psicologia scientifica.
No full textLa questione dello statuto epistemologico dell’introspezione come metodo di indagine è una delle più controverse in psicologia. La maggiore difficoltà a proposito del metodo introspettivo sembra risiedere nel suo ineliminabile carattere soggettivo e ‘in prima persona’, che lo rende difficilmente valutabile in base ai medesimi criteri di validità utilizzati per considerare gli altri metodi di ricerca psicologica quali, per esempio, l’osservazione del comportamento o gli indici neurofisiologici.
Partendo da tali considerazioni, il presente lavoro si propone di affrontare la questione del ruolo dell’introspezione nella ricerca psicologica inserendola all’interno di una problematica più ampia (ma non meno controversa) ovvero quella del rapporto tra psicologia del senso comune e psicologia scientifica. Infatti, se si assume che la soggettività e la prospettiva di prima persona siano a fondamento di tutte le nozioni del senso comune quali credenze, desideri o intenzioni ma non di quelle delle scienze naturali, che mirano a una loro riduzione o addirittura eliminazione, appare evidente come l’introspezione possa avere una rilevanza metodologica solamente nell’ambito una psicologia del senso comune e non nell’ambito di una psicologia che aspira a definirsi scientifica. Per usare la terminologia di Goldman, l’introspezione sembra in grado di fare luce sugli stati consci/soggettivi o macroscopici ma non su quelli inconsci/oggettivi o microscopici (caratterizzati computazionalmente) che sono considerati la reale determinante dei nostri comportamenti e dunque l’oggetto di studio proprio di una psicologia scientifica. Il lavoro si conclude mettendo in discussione la validità di tale proposta e dunque considerando se una psicologia del senso comune rigorosamente definita sia in grado di fornire una spiegazione plausibile del mentale e del comportamento e dunque di esprimere una forma di scientificità alternativa e complementare a quella delle scienze naturali ovvero una scientificità propria delle scienze umane
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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