194 research outputs found
Tuberculosis among migrant populations in the European Union and the European Economic Area
No full textBackground: Although tuberculosis (TB) incidence has been decreasing in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) in the last decades, specific subgroups of the population, such as migrants, remain at high risk of TB. This study is based on the report 'Key Infectious Diseases in Migrant Populations in the EU/EEA' commissioned by The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Methods: We collected, critically appraised and summarized the available evidence on the TB burden in migrants in the EU/EEA. Data were collected through: (i) a comprehensive literature review; (ii) analysis of data from The European Surveillance System (TESSy) and (iii) evidence provided by TB experts during an infectious disease workshop in 2012. Results: In 2010, of the 73 996 TB cases notified in the EU/EEA, 25% were of foreign origin. The overall decrease of TB cases observed in recent years has not been reflected in migrant populations. Foreign-born people with TB exhibit different socioeconomic and clinical characteristics than native sufferers. Conclusion: This is one of the first studies to use multiple data sources, including the largest available European database on infectious disease notifications, to assess the burden and provide a comprehensive description and analysis of specific TB features in migrants in the EU/EEA. Strengthened information about health determinants and factors for migrants' vulnerability is needed to plan, implement and evaluate targeted TB care and control interventions for migrants in the EU/EEA
The wrong trousers? Common folk in striped clothes as readers of early modern recipes.
No full textBy Tillmann Taape When trying to make historical sense of printed medical recipe collections, one tricky but important question always recurs: who did the author and/or publisher think would be likely to read and benefit from their books? In my own research, which focuses on the works of the surgeon-apothecary Hieronymus Brunschwig (introduced here and here), this question is particularly intriguing because these books were among the first medical books to be printed in German. Of course, li..
Psychosocial and socioeconomic factors in the development of cardiovascular disease: a study of causality, mediation, international variation, and prediction in predominantly Eastern European settings
No full textBACKGROUND: Psychosocial and socioeconomic factors have previously been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). I ask: 1) Are these associations causal? 2) Do their pathways overlap with one another? 3) Can they account for international differences in CVD? 4) Can they improve clinical risk prediction models? METHODS: Causality between education and coronary artery disease was investigated with Mendelian randomization analyses. For mediation and international differences, data on participants aged 45–69 years from the population-based HAPIEE cohort study were analysed using Cox regressions. A novel risk prediction model was derived from this data, and external validation was performed using data from the Estonian BioBank study. RESULTS: 1) Genetic predisposition towards longer education was associated with a reduction in coronary artery disease (Odds Ratio=0.67 [95% CI= 0.59 to 0.77], per extra 3.6 extra years of education), as well as large reductions in smoking. 2) In observational analyses, cardiovascular mortality was independently associated with unemployment, low material amenities, depression, being single, infrequent contacts with friends and relatives. These associations were of similar magnitude when comparing minimallyadjusted and fully-adjusted models. 3) International differences in CVD mortality between Russian & Central European cohorts remained unexplained after adjustment for conventional, psychosocial and socioeconomic risk factors. 4) Adding predominantly socioeconomic and psychosocial factors to risk prediction models improved their discrimination, clinical effectiveness, binary NRI and Net Benefit, in derivation and validation data. CONCLUSIONS: Education is probably a causal risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease. At least 6 socioeconomic/psychosocial factors appear to associate with CVD along pathways that may be relatively independent of one another and the conventional CVD risk factors. Uncovering their mechanisms may suggest novel avenues for intervention. While the causes of international differences in cardiovascular mortality remain unclear, socioeconomic and psychosocial factors substantially improved the performance of cardiovascular risk prediction
Mida süüa, et elada tervelt ja kvaliteetselt kõrge vanuseni?
No full textEbatervislikust toitumisest tulenev haiguskoormus on Eestis võrreldav tubaka ja alkoholi tarvitamisest saadava kahjuga. Olulisim toitumissoovitus on süüa rohkem taimseid toite, vähendades liha, kartuli, rafineeritud saia, leiva, makaronide ja maiustuste tarvitamist. Epidemioloogilised kohortuuringute metaanalüüsid viitavad suurimale tervisekasule neil, kes tarvitavad päevas keskmiselt 800 grammi juur- ja puuvilja. See on vähemalt kaks korda enam kui Eesti keskmine tarbimine. Taimsete toitude tootmise ja tarbimise suurendamiseks on vaja ühelt poolt suurendada tarbijate ja patsientide teadlikkust ning teiselt poolt suunata toiduainetööstust arendama oma tooteid tervislikumaks. Riigi võimalus inimeste käitumist muuta on rakendada reklaamipiiranguid ja maksumeetmeid, et parandada tervisliku toidu kättesaadavust ja populaarsust võrreldes ebatervisliku toiduga. Muudatuste tegemisel on arstidel ühiskonnas juhtiv roll.
Eesti Arst 2018; 97(5):263–268
 
Tuberculosis among migrant populations in the European Union and the European Economic Area.
No full textBACKGROUND: Although tuberculosis (TB) incidence has been decreasing in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) in the last decades, specific subgroups of the population, such as migrants, remain at high risk of TB. This study is based on the report 'Key Infectious Diseases in Migrant Populations in the EU/EEA' commissioned by The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. METHODS: We collected, critically appraised and summarized the available evidence on the TB burden in migrants in the EU/EEA. Data were collected through: (i) a comprehensive literature review; (ii) analysis of data from The European Surveillance System (TESSy) and (iii) evidence provided by TB experts during an infectious disease workshop in 2012. RESULTS: In 2010, of the 73,996 TB cases notified in the EU/EEA, 25% were of foreign origin. The overall decrease of TB cases observed in recent years has not been reflected in migrant populations. Foreign-born people with TB exhibit different socioeconomic and clinical characteristics than native sufferers. CONCLUSION: This is one of the first studies to use multiple data sources, including the largest available European database on infectious disease notifications, to assess the burden and provide a comprehensive description and analysis of specific TB features in migrants in the EU/EEA. Strengthened information about health determinants and factors for migrants' vulnerability is needed to plan, implement and evaluate targeted TB care and control interventions for migrants in the EU/EEA
Body and Bulimia Revisited: Reflections on A Secret Life
No full textIn 1996, the author published “A Secret Life in a Culture of Thinness: Reflections on Body, Food, and Bulimia” (Tillmann-Healy, 1996), an account of her struggle with binging and purging from ages 15 to 25. She came to understand bulimia as a communicative act, expressing fear, anxiety, and grief. From 25 to 35, her recovery from bulimia involved learning to “purge” emotion through other forms of communication (e.g., dialogue, writing, and teaching). At 35, separation and divorce pose the greatest challenge to the author’s 10-year recovery, yet she does not return to bulimic expression. This article invites readers to sense and feel pathways in, through, and out of unhealthy relationships with our bodies and ourselves
School Reform - and what educational science could contribute
No full textTillmann K-J. Schulreform – und was die Erziehungswissenschaft dazu sagen kann. Zeitschrift für Pädagogik. 2008;54(6):852-868.The author looks at the development of educational science since the 1960s, using a both contemporary-historical and biographical approach, and examines the relation between edcuational science and school reform at three different points in history: the 1960s, the 1970s, and today. The present situation is discussed against the background of the author's experiences as PISA-researcher and as participant in the practical research carried out at the "Laborschule" (laboratory school) in Bielefeld. From this follows a plea for a research-based participation of educational science in the educational-political discourse on school reform - and for an educational science which takes, in both research and teaching, a closer look at the action-related problems of teachers
The Internet of Things for the circular transition in the façade sector
No full textNel settore delle facciate, la transizione ecologica e circolare impone l’adozione di nuovi modelli di business che sfruttino al massimo il valore della materia. In questo contesto, l’Internet of Things (IoT) è identificato quale poten-ziale driver tecnologico per la diffusione di approcci circolari. Scopo dell’articolo è chiarire il ruolo dell’IoT nell’abilitare cinque modelli di business circolari nel settore delle facciate. Attraverso una matrice che evidenzia la relazione tra po-tenziali informazioni prodotte dall’IoT e azioni chiave per il raggiungimento dei modelli di business, si evidenziano i benefici di un sistema di facciata IoT-based. La discussione dei risultati apre il dibattito sulle prospettive di componenti edilizi digitalmente integrati
Fables without--Facts within
No full textI wondered for some time whether this little four-page, one-staple, two-story, two-picture, one-fable pamphlet belongs among the books or in the advertising section. The first story is The Bird-Catcher and the Serpent (Perry 115) told in standard fashion. The second story is The Magic Horse. The covers have nicely colored illustrations, in which the actors are children. As regards anything in the line of food products-remember that if it's Tillmann's it's good
Measles among migrants in the European Union and the European Economic Area.
No full textAIMS: Progress towards meeting the goal of measles elimination in the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA) by 2015 is being obstructed, as some children are either not immunized on time or never immunized. One group thought to be at increased risk of measles is migrants; however, the extent to which this is the case is poorly understood, due to a lack of data. This paper addresses this evidence gap by providing an overview of the burden of measles in migrant populations in the EU/EEA. METHODS: Data were collected through a comprehensive literature review, a country survey of EU/EEA member states and information from measles experts gathered at an infectious disease workshop. RESULTS: Our results showed incomplete data on measles in migrant populations, as national surveillance systems do not systematically record migration-specific information; however, evidence from the literature review and country survey suggested that some measles outbreaks in the EU/EEA were due to sub-optimal vaccination coverage in migrant populations. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that it is essential that routine surveillance of measles cases and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage become strengthened, to capture migrant-specific data. These data can help to inform the provision of preventive services, which may need to reach out to vulnerable migrant populations that currently face barriers in accessing routine immunization and health services
- …
