10 research outputs found
HIV Susceptibility Among Migrant Miners in Chokwe: A Case Study
No full textThis article examines the association between risky sexual behavior and HIV risk perception among miners. A cross-sectional survey (n = 293) was conducted with miners who worked in South African mines and lived in the Chokwe district of Gaza Province in southern Mozambique. The study used ordinary logistic and cumulative logistic models to understand what drives miners to HIV susceptibility. The study revealed that most miners were at risk of HIV infection as a result of risky sexual behavior. However, there was a strong negative association between risky sexual behavior and HIV risk perception. Seventy percent of the miners practicing risky sexual behavior reported low HIV risk perception. This demonstrates that miners tend to underestimate their HIV risk, which makes them more susceptible to contracting HIV. Risk perception among miners is related to a range of factors, both individual and environmental. Informed risk awareness is essential for these men to adopt preventive measures against HIV/AIDS. Therefore, it is important to consider cultural beliefs, as they influence the understanding of HIV risk perception.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The present study received financial support from Ministry of Science and Technology and Desafio/Vlaamse interuniversitaire raad VLIRUOS
Program
An intertextual reading of O. K. Matsepe's selected novels
No full textThesis (M. A. (Northern Sotho)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022There is nothing new on earth. Every text is the repetition of another text, or other things already existing. This study reflects on the texts leaning thematically on other texts. It does so by critically examining the intertexts which shaped O.K. Matsepe’s four novels, namely Lešitaphiri (1963), Megokgo ya Bjoko (1968), Kgorong ya Mošate (1962) and Mahlatse a Madimabe (1981). By revealing the intertexts, it is hoped that a maximum understanding of the novels by this outstanding author is reached. Underpinned by intertextual theory, this study adopted a qualitative approach to allow a better understanding of the identified phenomena. The four novels were purposevily sampled due to their relevancy to the topic under discussion. The study employed content analysis to thoroughly analyse data which were collected using a document review method. The discussion and findings of the study clearly indicates that the Bible and culture are the two main sources which influenced Matsepe’s writing. This research contributes to the existing knowledge as it scrutinises Matsepe’s philosophical novels which are still relevant to the current epoch and beyond
Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Two Regimens of Single-Shot Spinal Block for Pain Relief in Women Presenting in Established Labour
No full textBackground: Most women experience moderate to severe pain during labour and delivery, often requiring some form of pharmacologic analgesia. The lack of proper psychological preparation combined with fear and anxiety can greatly enhance the patientfs sensitivity to pain and further add to the discomfort. Skillfully conducted obstetric analgesia, in addition to relieving pain and anxiety, may benefit the mother by increasing self esteem and improving bonding with the baby.Objective: To assess and compare the satisfaction and efficacy of two regimens of single-shot spinal blocks for the relief of labor pain in women who present in active phase of labour.Design: A prospective randomised single-blind observational studySetting: Labour ward of Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi.Subjects: All consenting primiparous women presenting in active phase of labor with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy at term (> 37 weeks) and in cephalic presentation, who reported a > 70 mm VAS (Visual Analog Scale) pain score at cervical dilatation . 5 cm at the time of request for labour analgesia.Results: Effective labour analgesia lasting up to 120 minutes was observed in the fentanyl-bupivacaine group but with a high incidence of breakthrough pain. The fentanyl-bupivacaine-morphine group had labour analgesia lasting up to 180 minutes or even more with a lower incidence of breakthrough pain. The one-minute and fiveminute Apgar scores in the morphine group were significantly lower (p = 0.026 and 0.044 respectively) than in the fentanyl group but the difference in neonatal outcome had no clinical significance, and there were no significant differences in adverse effects, sensory levels, and motor power between the two groups.:Conclusion Effective analgesia for about 120 minutes was observed in the fentanylbupivacaine group with high incidence of breakthrough pain while the fentanylbupivacaine-morphine group had labour analgesia prolonged up to more than three hours. The difference in fetal outcome had no clinical significance for the morphine group, and there were no significant differences in adverse effect, sensory levels, and motor power between the two groups. These findings show that intrathecal analgesia is safe and the use of the combination of fentanyl-bupivacaine-morphine gives adequateand safe analgesia during labour and delivery
The next republic the rise of a new radical majority
No full textA book for this moment: Both an assessment of our current political leadership and a vision of those who can bring substantive change. Who are the new progressive leaders emerging to lead the post-Trump return to democracy in America' National political correspondent and award-winning author D.D. Guttenplan's The Next Republic is an extraordinarily intense and wide-ranging account of the recent fall and incipient rise of democracy in America. The Next Republic profiles nine successful activists who are changing the course of American history right now: new labor activist and author Jane McAlevey racial justice campaigner (and mayor of Jackson, Mississippi) Chokwe Antar Lumumba environmental activist (and newly elected chair of the Nebraska Democratic Party) Jane Kleeb Chicago's first openly gay Latino public official Carlos Ramirez-Rosa #ALLOFUS co-founder Waleed Shahid young architects of Bernie Sanders amazing rise, digerati Corbin Trent and Zack Exley, founders of Brand New Congress and author and anti-corruption crusader Zephyr Teachout. Additionally, the introduction to The Next Republic ties in the election and first year of the Trump presidency to the current rise of populism of the left, and there are three historical chapters that describe key moments in American history that shed light on current events: the Whiskey Rebellion, the Lincoln Republic, and the Roosevelt Republic. Guttenplan understands the magnitude of the problem of democracy, and at the same time the great possibilities for its resurgence. Like a cross between George Packer's The Unwinding and John F. Kennedy's Profiles in Courage, The Next Republic is both unyielding and deeply hopeful, the first book to come out of the Trump ascendency that stakes a claim for seeing beyond i
Diamonds and Disputes: Conflict and local power on the border Between Congo and Angola
No full textDiamonds and Disputes: Conflict and Local Power on the Border between Congo and Angola.
This chapter deals with post-Savimbi, changes in the diamond traffic between DRCongo and the Angolan province of Lunda Norte. More in particular the chapter focuses on the
ways in which local actors, Angolan and Congolese villagers of Lunda and Chokwe origin, are caught up in larger political and economic events (the shifting power balance between UNITA and MPLA, the arrival of UNHCR in the area and the subsequent production of ‘refugees’, as well the changing economic and political realities of the diamond trade itself). All these events greatly impacted on the daily lives of these local actors. Starting from two case-stories involving members of an important Luunda lineage, namely the royal lineage of Nzofu (the main traditional Luunda title-holder whose court is located on the Congolese side of the border but whose authority extends over a large part of Lunda Norte)the chapter discusses the ways in which this traditional local Luunda elite tries to cope with the
changes that are occurring around them. The shifting socio-political and economic contexts in this frontier area between Congo and Angola engender new sorts of conflict, new forms of violence and new forms of accusation and dispute. The author examines how these newly emerging
types of diamond-related conflicts and disputes emerge, and how diamonds, war and the conflicts that accompany them have contributed to a reshaping of the local politics of
argument and dispute settlement.edition: 1status: Publishe
Never be silent : publishing & imperialism in Kenya, 1884-1963
No full textSocial communications are central to any social struggle. There is a sizable body of literature from other countries on the use of oral medium, newspapers, books and other forms of communications being used as tools for organising against a powerful enemy, as a training ground for cadres and for clarifying and developing revolutionary theory, ideology, organisation and practice. All this ensures a greater unity among those resisting oppression and exploitation. Thus revolutionary and liberation forces of Bolsheviks in the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of China, and in Vietnam had developed theories and practices of revolutionary publishing as part of their revolutionary work. This has also been the case during anti-colonial and anti-imperialist struggles in Africa, but very little of this has been systematically documented as an aspect of revolutionary communications policy and practice. While the
colonial communications systems have been reasonably well documented, the resistance communication systems remain largely undocumented and ignored. This book is an initial attempt to document this dynamic communications process in Kenya with its external struggles against colonialism and its complex internal struggles with overlaying divisions of race and class, Kenyan and foreign peoples. The main theme emerging from this experience is that people struggling to change their society always find ways of establishing their own system of communicating with the people they lead
and by whom they are led. Their mission of revolution, of change, of peace, of social and economic justice requires that they should never be silent. This was well understood and practised by the liberation forces in Kenya. They
were never silent
Descolonização literária na crônica “A cabeça de Salomé”, de Ana Paula Tavares
No full textResumo: O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o processo de descolonização literária na obra de Ana Paula Tavares através do uso do discurso religioso e do papel da mulher na ancestralidade de matriz banta, fazendo uma análise crítica do discurso da crônica “A cabeça de Salomé” (2004). Pretende-se demonstrar que as referências culturais a certas formas de expressão comunicativas da narrativa oral e das crenças de origem cabinda e quioca conseguem criar uma nova forma de reescrever a identidade angolana, criando uma contramemória que se contrapõe à memória dominante, imposta pelos colonizadores portugueses ao longo da história. Desta forma, a figura bíblica de Salomé toma uma conotação diferente com respeito ao Evangelho, adaptando-se às necessidades narrativas da autora que quer enfatizar o legado banto para subverter as imagens pré-estabelecidas das convenções culturais ocidentais, que têm afetado dramaticamente o país angolano e a sua identidade nacional.Palavras-chave: Ana Paula Tavares; literatura angolana; espiritualismo banto; análise crítica do discurso.Abstract: By carrying out a critical discourse analysis of the chronicle “A cabeça de Salomé” (2004) by Ana Paula Tavares, the purpose of the present article is to reflect on the process of literary decolonisation, occurring through the development of a religious discourse and the emphasis given to the role of women in Bantu ancestry. This paper aims to demonstrate that the cultural references related to certain forms of expression belonging to the oral tradition, as well as the Cabinda and Tshokwe beliefs evoked by the author, create a new way of re-defining the Angolan identity, by developing an anti-memory as opposed to the dominant memory, which had been imposed by the Portuguese colonisers over the centuries. This way, the biblical figure of Salomé assumes a different connotation compared to the one depicted in the Gospel, as a result of the adaptation to the narrative needs of the author, who wants to emphasise the Bantu legacy in order to subvert the pre-established western cultural conventions that have affected dramatically the Angolan country and its national identity.Keywords: Ana Paula Tavares; Angolan Literature; Bantu Spiritualism; Critical Discourse Analysis
Maternal and neonatal outcomes after caesarean delivery in the African Surgical Outcomes Study: a 7-day prospective observational cohort study
No full textSummary: Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality is high in Africa, but few large, prospective studies have been done to investigate the risk factors associated with these poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: A 7-day, international, prospective, observational cohort study was done in patients having caesarean delivery in 183 hospitals across 22 countries in Africa. The inclusion criteria were all consecutive patients (aged ≥18 years) admitted to participating centres having elective and non-elective caesarean delivery during the 7-day study cohort period. To ensure a representative sample, each hospital had to provide data for 90% of the eligible patients during the recruitment week. The primary outcome was in-hospital maternal mortality and complications, which were assessed by local investigators. The study was registered on the South African National Health Research Database, number KZ_2015RP7_22, and on ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03044899. Findings: Between February, 2016, and May, 2016, 3792 patients were recruited from hospitals across Africa. 3685 were included in the postoperative complications analysis (107 missing data) and 3684 were included in the maternal mortality analysis (108 missing data). These hospitals had a combined number of specialist surgeons, obstetricians, and anaesthetists totalling 0·7 per 100 000 population (IQR 0·2–2·0). Maternal mortality was 20 (0·5%) of 3684 patients (95% CI 0·3–0·8). Complications occurred in 633 (17·4%) of 3636 mothers (16·2–18·6), which were predominantly severe intraoperative and postoperative bleeding (136 [3·8%] of 3612 mothers). Maternal mortality was independently associated with a preoperative presentation of placenta praevia, placental abruption, ruptured uterus, antepartum haemorrhage (odds ratio 4·47 [95% CI 1·46–13·65]), and perioperative severe obstetric haemorrhage (5·87 [1·99–17·34]) or anaesthesia complications (11·47 (1·20–109·20]). Neonatal mortality was 153 (4·4%) of 3506 infants (95% CI 3·7–5·0). Interpretation: Maternal mortality after caesarean delivery in Africa is 50 times higher than that of high-income countries and is driven by peripartum haemorrhage and anaesthesia complications. Neonatal mortality is double the global average. Early identification and appropriate management of mothers at risk of peripartum haemorrhage might improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in Africa. Funding: Medical Research Council of South Africa
Caring in the Nurse-Patient Relationship through the Caritas Lens: An Integrative Review
No full textThis integrative review of the literature is an exploration of current research on the phenomenon of caring in the nurse-patient relationship. A literature search was conducted using CINAHL, Google Scholar, EBSCO, MEDLINE, Ovid Nursing, ProQuest Nursing, SAGE journals online, and ScienceDirect. Data analysis was performed using Watson’s 10 Caritas Processes as a descriptive, categorical framework. Narrative summary was used to report findings. Results show emergence of complex concepts. Incongruence was found between nurses’ and patients’ perceptions. Further research is needed to generate more knowledge regarding the phenomenon of caring in the nurse-patient relationshi
