1,728,009 research outputs found
TDC with 1.5% DNL based on a single-stage vernier delay-loop fine interpolation
No full textWe present a compact TDC Module based on the Time-to-Digital Converter ASIC fabricated in 0.35 μm CMOS technology. This chip measures the time-interval between two inputs, called START and STOP, with a 10 ps resolution when using a 10 ns reference clock. Thanks to the structure, composed by two independent “interpolators” for each input and a “coarse” counter, the TDC chip can reach an average precision better than 15 psRMS and a differential non-linearity (DNL) smaller than 0.9 %LSB with a maximum conversion rate of about 3 Msps. A simple calibration allows to compute proper coefficients to apply to raw data. The TDC Module is composed by two SMA inputs, followed by an electronic front-end to provide compatibility to any kind of signal, an USB 2.0 connector for parameters setting and data upload to a remote computer and the power supply connector
Village Level Contingency Plans for Climate Resilient Agriculture
Full text linkNot AvailableNICRA, 2015. Monsoon Action Plan - 2015: Village Level Contingency Plans for
Climate Resilience in Agriculture. Technology Demonstration Component, National
Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA), ICAR-Central Research Institute
for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad-pp.54.Not Availabl
Reexamining Capacity Building: Learnings from the Kenneth Rainin Foundationâs Impact Grant Program
Full text linkThe Kenneth Rainin Foundation engaged TDC, a nonprofit management consulting and research firm, beginning in 2018 to facilitate a sequential evaluation of the now-complete five-year Impact Grant Program. The Impact Grant Program ("the Program") began in 2012 and was launched to provide multi-year capacity-building support to small and mid-sized
Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) for WiMAX ADPLL in State-of-The-Art 40-nm CMOS
No full textWiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the emerging wireless technology standard of the near future, which enables high speed packet data access. To anticipate the future demands on WiMAX technology, we proposed an ADPLL (all-digital phase locked loop) solution for the WiMAX system. The developed ADPLL system has targeted frequencies from 2.3 GHz to 2.7 GHz and from 3.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz for low band and high band, respectively. In this approach, an ADPLL replaces the conventional RF synthesizer based on charge-pump architecture. There are three main components of the ADPLL system. One of them is the time-to-digital converter (TDC) system. A TDC in state-of-the-art 40 nm CMOS technology for WiMAX ADPLL system is chosen and presented in this thesis. The TDC architecture is based on a pseudo-differential structure. This architecture utilizes an inverter as a delay element and a sense amplifier flip-flop as a time comparator. In comparison, the two other TDC architectures evaluated in this thesis (two-dimensional Vernier algorithm TDC and time-windowed TDC) have very complex architectures and complex calibration methods, while the chosen TDC architecture has a simple calibration method. Moreover, this pseudo-differential TDC can meet the time resolution required by the WiMAX ADPLL system. The TDC system has been tested on a 1.2 V power supply, 33.868 MHz frequency reference clock FREF and with 4.25 GHz frequency of CKV. It is found that the power consumption is about 2.99 mW without a clock gating scheme. Moreover, it is expected that the power consumption can be reduced to 0.78 mW with a clock gating scheme. The INL and DNL of the TDC are lower than 0.4 LSB. The measured TDC resolution is around 10.84 ps - 12.55 ps. In the worst case condition, the TDC resolution of 12.55 ps will give an in-band phase noise better than the limit , which is -95 dBc/Hz as required by the WiMAX ADPLL System. The TDC core layout has an area of only 125 x 11 ?m2.Profile RF Analog Circuit DesignMicroelectronics & Computer EngineeringElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Hybrid Vehicular Communications based on V2V-V2I Protocol Switching
No full textIn this paper, a hybrid communication paradigm for vehicular networking is presented in which connectivity is provided by both existing network infrastructure (e.g. wireless network access points) through a vehicle-to-infrastructure protocol and traditional vehicle-to-vehicle networking. Preexisting infrastructure can provide seamless connectivity, especially when vehicles are sparse or travelling in disconnected neighbourhoods, while vehicular communications are available for dense traffic scenarios. In this vision, we depict a novel heterogeneous vehicular network scenario, in which overlapping wireless networks partially cover the vehicular grid. Vehicle-to-X (V2X) is based on a protocol switching decision, which is achieved in a distributed fashion by each vehicle based on a cost function using path alternatives. An analytical model for protocol switching in V2X is described. Moreover, we analyse how messages are forwarded by vehicles communicating via V2X. We characterise the maximum and minimum bounds of information propagation and compare performance with traditional message propagation based on opportunistic networking
Puhelinasiakaspalvelun tehostaminen – Case TDC Oy
Full text linkTämän toiminnallisen opinnäytetyön aiheena on TDC Oy Finlandin puhelinasiakaspalvelun tehostaminen. Työssä keskitytään tutkimaan saapuvia asiakaspuheluita, analysoimaan niiden sisältö ja löytämään niiden avulla mahdollisia kehityskohteita yrityksessä.
Valitsin aiheen, sillä työskentelen kyseisessä yrityksessä ja keskeinen tehtäväni on toimia asiakaspalvelun ja ylläpidon ryhmässä. Olen kiinnostunut asiakaspalvelusta ja siihen liittyvien prosessien kehittämisestä. Aihe on myös ajankohtainen, sillä yleisenä ilmiönä on havaittavis-sa, että nykypäivänä palveluilla kilpailu on välttämätöntä. Myöskään kohdeyrityksen ei ole mahdollista kilpailla nykyisillä markkinoilla ainoastaan hinnoilla.
Kohdeyritys TDC Oy tarjoaa televiestintäpalveluita ja –laitteita yritysasiakkaille. Toimintaa sillä on kaikissa Pohjoismaissa. Puhelinasiakaspalvelu sijoittuu Suomessa asiakaspalvelun ja ylläpidon ryhmään. Tässä tutkimuksessa keskityttiin vain puhelinasiakaspalveluun sen suuren volyymin vuoksi, mutta kohdeyritys tarjoaa myös muita palvelukanavia.
Tutkimus toteutettiin normaalin työskentelyn ohessa ja tutkimusmenetelmänä käytin osallis-tuvaa havainnointia. Keräsin aineistoa kuukauden ajan tilastoimalla kaikki vastaanottamani puhelut. Aineisto kerättiin arkisin klo 7-22 välillä. Yhteensä aineistoa kertyi 124 puhelun verran.
Tutkimuksen pohjalta tehtiin useita puhelinasiakaspalvelutyötä koskevia havaintoja ja kehi-tysehdotuksia. Puhelinjärjestelmä toimii hyvin, mutta palvelun laadun parantamiseksi sekä asiakkaille tiedottamista että yrityksen sisäistä viestintää voidaan parantaa. Lisäksi puhelinasiakaspalvelussa työskentelevien henkilöiden ammattitaitoon kannattaa panostaa.
Puhelinpalvelulle on tutkimuksen perusteella kysyntää, vaikka vaihtoehtoisia palvelukanavia on olemassa. Tutkimus valmistui tavoiteaikataulussa ja annettiin kohdeyrityksen käyttöön.Creating Efficiency in Telephone Customer Service – A Case Study of TDC Oy
The topic of this practice-based thesis is to improve efficiency in telephone customer service at TDC Oy Finland. The research focuses on analyzing inbound customer service telephone calls and making observations as well as recognizing development needs in the target organization.
The topic was chosen because the author is currently working at TDC Oy as a customer sup-port agent in the customer care and maintenance group. The author is also personally inter-ested in customer service in general and in different ways to improve it and make it even more efficient. The topic is also highly current as nowadays it is becoming harder for compa-nies to compete with low prices. That is also the case with TDC Oy.
TDC Oy offers telecommunication services and equipment to business customers. The Target organization operates in all of the Nordic countries. Telephone customer service in Finland is located in the customer care and maintenance group. This thesis concentrates only on tele-phone customer service due to its high volume. TDC also offers other means of communication to customers such as e-mail and an online customer portal.
The research was implemented during ordinary work days and the research method used in this thesis project is observation through participating. The material was collected within one month and it consists of all of the received inbound calls on weekdays from 7 am until 10pm. The total number of received calls was 124.
Based on the research several insights and proposals for improvement were made concerning telephone customer service. The telephone system is working well but it seems that there is room for improvement in communicating with the customers and colleagues. TDC should also attempt to focus on educating the people who are working in telephone customer service.
Based on the research results, there is demand for telephone customer service even though customers also use other means to communicate with the target organization. The research was completed within the given time frame and the report was delivered to TDC
DTC and TDC IC Design for Ultra-Low-Power ADPLL
No full textThe technology scaling favors the Digital PLLs, which is reconfigurable. In the traditional fractional-N ADPLL, whether counter-based or divider based, DCO and TDC are the main two power consuming blocks. Modifying the phase detection part based on phase prediction makes the architecture more energy-efficient. The new architecture leads to the first wireless ADPLL breaking 1mW barrier. However, the in-band spurs are very high and DTC gain calibration does not work very well. This thesis proposes a pseudo phase domain model to determine the in-band spur level and validates the accuracy through simulations. It also improves the LMS DTC gain calibration algorithm to solve the problem when FCW fractional part is small DTC gain cannot calibrate correctly. Furthermore, pre-distortion is used to cancel DTC nonlinearity. Apart from theoretically analysis, a first-order TDC is taped-out, to measure DTC's nonlinearity.MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics & Computer EngineeringElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
TDC 2.0 - En problemfri mirakelkur?
No full textIn this report, we make a study of the culture change concept TDC 2.0. TDC 2.0 is TDC's new initiative, which aims to improve the efficiency by structuring the workflow and thus avoid time-wasting. We study how TDC 2.0 must be handled, to get the best result. We do this based on a department in TDC, where TDC 2.0 has been implemented. Based on qualitative interviews with managers and employees, as well as theories of change management, motivation and resistance to change, there will be given an assessment of this change strategy and actual implementation. This is the basis for the subsequent analysis, where the collected empirical data are compared with the theories, to assess whether the department have followed the planned strategy for TDC 2.0 and whether it could have been done in a more expedient manner. The focus will be on how the employers have experienced the process of TDC 2.0, versus how managers have experienced the process.In this report, we make a study of the culture change concept TDC 2.0. TDC 2.0 is TDC's new initiative, which aims to improve the efficiency by structuring the workflow and thus avoid time-wasting. We study how TDC 2.0 must be handled, to get the best result. We do this based on a department in TDC, where TDC 2.0 has been implemented. Based on qualitative interviews with managers and employees, as well as theories of change management, motivation and resistance to change, there will be given an assessment of this change strategy and actual implementation. This is the basis for the subsequent analysis, where the collected empirical data are compared with the theories, to assess whether the department have followed the planned strategy for TDC 2.0 and whether it could have been done in a more expedient manner. The focus will be on how the employers have experienced the process of TDC 2.0, versus how managers have experienced the process
CMOS single photon sensor with in-pixel TDC for Time-of-Flight applications
No full textA CMOS imager that combines single photon sensitivity with photon timing capabilities has been developed for Time-Of-Flight (TOF) measurements and for Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting (TCSPC) applications. A test structure with 32×4 pixels is presented in this paper. Each pixel is based on a 30 m diameter Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) with low Dark Counting Rate (60 cps at room temperature) and a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) with 400 ps resolution. Some preliminary measurements confirm the possibility to use this SPAD array in a 3D TOF scanning system
Design of a pipelined time-to-digital Converter (TDC) suitable for transducer array channel multiplexing
No full textMany fields need high performance time measurements, including particle detection, time-resolved imaging, transducer array channel multiplexing and other time of-flight systems. These measurements are often performed by means of time-to-digital converters(TDCs), that for these applications, require high resolution, accuracy, and throughput. This is often accomplished using conventional custom circuitry, which entails low performance and low flexibility. High performance and low cost TDC architectures have been studied to meet the demands of time measurement.This thesis presents a new pipelined TDC with 6.4ps resolution, 1.5LSB integral nonlinearity, and a throughput of 200MS/s. A characterization of the TDC is executed and many influences on performance are described, including transistor distortions, temperature effects and process variation. Some directions for future work are presented, with the possibility to improve pipeline TDCs even more. The results of the pipelined TDC shows the standout Figure of Merit(FOM) of 0.01, and can be used in a wide range of applications requiring high throughput and accurate time measurement.Electrical Engineerin
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