1,354,079 research outputs found
Le suicide, vertige ou action de l'Homme
No full textTatossian A. Le suicide, vertige ou action de l'Homme. In: Bulletin de psychologie, tome 44 n°401, 1991. Le suicide. pp. 348-350
Arthur Tatossian: um estudo biográfico
No full textThis article consists of a biographical study which aims at presenting the historic and bibliographic trajectory of Arthur Tatossian (1929-1995). French psychiatrist of Armenian origin, Tatossian may be considered one of the most important contemporary representatives of the Phenomenological Psychopathology Tradition. Considering the relevance of a return to biographical elements and theoretical influences which brought about the construction of an already recognized model of phenomenological psychopathology, we have presented an account of Tatossian's history, as displayed in some of his publications and in posthumous tributes. In addition, we have pointed out some theoretical influences such as Husserl, Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty, philosophical phenomenology authors, and Binswanger, Tellenbach and Blankenburg, phenomenologist psychiatrists with whom Tatossian kept constant dialogue. Finally, we have presented some current perspectives which are fruit of his thinking in countries such as France, Italy and Brazil. Tatossian developed a phenomenological psychopathology model with the clinic as a starting point and final destination as well. His fundamental concern was always the caring of suffering patients and the development of a theory which was not disconnected from practice while always maintaining an imminently phenomenological character.Este artigo consiste em um estudo biográfico que tem como objetivo apresentar a trajetória histórica e bibliográfica de Arthur Tatossian (1929-1995. Psiquiatra francês de origem armênia, Tatossian pode ser considerado um dos principais representantes contemporâneos da tradição da psicopatologia fenomenológica. Considerando relevante um retorno aos elementos biográficos e influências teóricas que possibilitaram a construção de um já reconhecido modelo de psicopatologia fenomenológica, relatamos a história de vida de Tatossian, exposta em algumas de suas publicações e em homenagens póstumas, bem como apresentamos uma lista das produções relacionadas com a psiquiatria e com a psicopatologia fenomenológica. Além disso, apontamos algumas influências teóricas, como Husserl, Heidegger e Merleau-Ponty, autores da fenomenologia filosófica, e Binswanger, Tellenbach e Blankenburg, psiquiatras fenomenólogos com quem Tatossian manteve um diálogo constante. Por fim, apresentamos algumas perspectivas atuais como fruto do seu pensamento em países como França, Itália e Brasil. Tatossian desenvolveu um modelo de psicopatologia fenomenológica a partir da clínica e para a clínica, tendo sempre como preocupação fundamental o cuidado com a pessoa em sofrimento e o desenvolvimento de uma teoria que não se desvinculasse da prática, mantendo sempre um caráter eminentemente fenomenológico.Esto articulo consiste en un estudio biográfico que ten como objetivo presentar la trayectoria histórica y bibliográfica de Arthur Tatossian (1929-1995). Psiquiatra francés de origen armenia, Tatossian puede ser considerado uno de los principales representantes contemporáneos de la tradición de la psicopatología fenomenológica. Considerando relevante un retorno a los elementos biográficos y influenzas teóricas que posibilitaran la construcción de un ya reconocido modelo de psicopatología fenomenológica, relatamos la historia de vida de Tatossian, expuesta in algunas de suyas publicaciones y homenajes póstumas, bien como presentamos una lista de las producciones relacionadas con la psiquiatría y con la psicopatología fenomenológica. Además, apuntamos algunas influenzas teóricas, como Husserl, Heidegger y Merleau-Ponty, autores de la fenomenología filosófica, y Binswanger, Tellenbach y Blankenburg, psiquiatras fenomenólogos con los cuales Tatossian mantiene un dialogo constante. Por fin, presentamos algunas perspectivas actuales como fruto de suyo pensamiento in países como França, Itália y Brasil. Tatossian desenvolvió un modelo de psicopatología fenomenológica partiendo de la clínica y para la clínica, tiendo siempre como preocupación fundamental lo cuidado con la persona in sufrimiento y lo desenvolvimiento de una teoría que no se desvinculase de la práctica, manteniendo siempre un carácter eminentemente fenomenológico
Phenomenology of depression: Contributions of Minkowski, Binswanger, Tellenbach and Tatossian
No full textAbstract Eugène Minkowski, Ludwig Binswanger, Hubertus Tellenbach and Arthur Tatossian are key authors in phenomenological psychopathology. Through a theoretical review of the main works of these authors, we shall discuss their contributions to the understanding of the lived depressed. Following a phenomenological-structural method, Minkowski developed a descriptive phenomenology of depression, focusing on lived time. Binswanger, focusing on temporality, searches for the genesis of the lived depressed through the operating modes of retrospection and melancholic prospection. Tellenbach presents the typus melancholicus, a concept associated with the notion of endon. Tatossian discusses the possible conditions for the lived depressed through phenomenological categories of time, body, space and the relationship with each other, developing the notion of depressiveness. We may conclude that, although these authors have different contributions, their ideas are similar as they adopt a phenomenological approach, a return to the lived experience, to understand its meanings
La clínica del duelo y sus criterios diagnósticos: posibles contribuciones de Tatossian
No full textO Manual diagnóstico e estatístico de transtornos mentais (DSM-5) avulta a discussão do problema da diferenciação entre luto normal e complicado. Tendo por fundamento a obra de Arthur Tatossian e uma perspectiva fenomenológica do luto, temos como objetivo problematizar a clínica do luto em seu entrelaçamento com a compreensão diagnóstica. Apresenta-se a concepção de que o luto é vivido como um fenômeno intersubjetivo e como experiência de perda de um mundo partilhado que se rompe com a morte. Ao se perder um ente querido, perdem-se também uma perspectiva e uma possibilidade existencial, cabendo ao enlutado a ressignificação de seu existir, e não o retorno a uma vida anterior. A partir da proposição de atenção substituinte-dominante e antecipante-liberante de Tatossian, propõe-se que uma clínica do luto deva considerar a díade liberdade e não liberdade do paciente como critério para a compreensão de sua dimensão patológica e para a tutela do enlutado sobre o seu existir.Le DSM-5 étandre la discussion sur le problème de la différenciation entre le deuil normal et compliqué. Sur la base des travaux du Tatossian et dans une perspective phénoménologique du deuil, notre objectif est de problématiser la clinique du deuil et ses relations avec le processus diagnostique. Nous présentons la conception selon laquelle le deuil est vécu comme un phénomène intersubjectif et comme perte d’un monde partagé, perturbé par la mort. Lorsque on perde un être cher, on perd également une perspective et une possibilité existentielle, où l’endeuillé est laissé avec le besoin du signifier son existence et pas de retourner à une vie antérieure. Sur la base de la proposition de types de soins devançant-libérant et substituant-dominante de Tatossian, on propose qu’une clinique du deuil doit considérer la dyade liberté et non-liberté du patient comme critère de compréhension de sa dimension pathologique et de la tutelle d’endeuillé sur son existence.El DSM-5 amplia la discusión del problema de la diferenciación entre el duelo normal y el complicado. Fundamentado en la obra de Arthur Tatossian y en una perspectiva fenomenológica del luto, nosotros tenemos como objetivo problematizar la clínica del duelo en su entrelazamiento con suja comprensión diagnóstica. Presentamos la concepción de que el luto es vivido como un fenómeno intersubjetivo y como experiencia de pérdida de un mundo compartido fracturado por la muerte. Al perderse un ente querido, se pierde también una perspectiva y una posibilidad existencial, cabiendo al enlutado la resignificación de su existir y no el retorno a una vida anterior. A partir de la proposición de atención sustitutiva-dominante y anticipante-liberadora de Tatossian, se propone que una clínica del duelo deba considerar la díada libertad y no libertad del paciente, como criterio para la comprensión de su dimensión patológica y para la tutela del enlutado sobre su existencia.The DSM-5 enlarge the discussion about the differentiation between normal and complicated bereavement. Based on the work of Arthur Tatossian and on a phenomenological comprehension of bereavement, this article aims to discuss the clinical practice with bereaved patients and its relations to diagnostics issues. We present the concept that mourning is experienced as an intersubjective phenomenon lived as a loss of a shared world, disrupted by death. When someone loses a loved one, he/she also loses a perspective, and an existential possibility, so that the mourner is left with the need to signify his/her existence, which is not a returning to a previous life. Based on Tatossian’s proposition of substitutive-dominant and anticipatory-liberatory care, we propose that bereavement therapy should consider the patients’ freedom-unfreedom dyad as a criterion for understanding its pathological dimension and for the care the mourner dedicates to its existence
Sintoma e fenômeno na psicopatologia fenomenológica de Arthur Tatossian
No full textAs noções de sintoma e fenômeno ocupam um lugar central na tradição da psicopatologia fenomenológica. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir estas noções no pensamento de Arthur Tatossian. Elas contribuem para a construção de um modelo de psicopatologia e de clínica fenomenológica que prioriza a experiência. A liberdade do sujeito é considerada em uma dialética entre autonomia e heteronomia. Modos de assistência regidos sobre a noção heideggeriana de cuidado são desenvolvidos
Mouren P., Tatossian A., Serratrice G., Verne P., Rampon-Planson C. et Poinso Y. — La structure de la désorganisation de l’espace visuel. Confrontation avec les données de la psychologie génétique de Jean Piaget. Ann. Méd. Ps., 1963, t. 1, n° 1, pp. 29-60. Mouren P., Tatossian A., Serratrice G. et Verne P. — Les facteurs de la désorganisation de l’espace visuel. Ibid., 1964, t. 2, n° 2, pp. 169-204
No full textMouren P., Tatossian A., Serratrice G., Verne P., Rampon-Planson C. et Poinso Y. — La structure de la désorganisation de l’espace visuel. Confrontation avec les données de la psychologie génétique de Jean Piaget. Ann. Méd. Ps., 1963, t. 1, n° 1, pp. 29-60. Mouren P., Tatossian A., Serratrice G. et Verne P. — Les facteurs de la désorganisation de l’espace visuel. Ibid., 1964, t. 2, n° 2, pp. 169-204. In: Bulletin de psychologie, tome 23 n°281, 1970. p. 304
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Les procédés scripturaux des salons de clavardage (en français, en anglais et en espagnol) chez les adolescents et les adultes
No full textL’un des aspects les plus percutants des avancées de la technologie des quinze dernières années a trait à la communication médiée par ordinateur : clavardage, messagerie instantanée, courrier électronique, forums de discussion, blogues, sites de réseautage social, etc. En plus d’avoir eu un impact significatif sur la société contemporaine, ces outils de communication ont largement modifié les pratiques d’écriture. Notre objet d’étude est le clavardage en groupe qui offre la possibilité aux scripteurs de communiquer simultanément entre eux. Cet outil de communication présente deux caractéristiques importantes aux plans discursif et communicationnel. Premièrement, on admet de façon générale que le clavardage est une forme de communication hybride : le code utilisé est l’écrit, mais les échanges de messages entrent dans une structure de dialogue qui rappelle l’oral. Deuxièmement, le caractère spontané du clavardage impose la rapidité, tant pour l’encodage que pour le décodage des messages.
Dans le cadre d’une étude comparative réalisée sur les pratiques scripturales des clavardeurs francophones (Tatossian et Dagenais 2008), nous avons établi quatre catégories générales pour rendre compte de toutes les variantes scripturales de notre corpus : procédés abréviatifs, substitutions de graphèmes, neutralisations en finale absolue et procédés expressifs. Nous voulons maintenant tester la solidité de notre typologie pour des langues dont le degré de correspondance phonético-graphique diffère. En vertu de l’hypothèse de la profondeur de l’orthographe (orthographic depth hypothesis [ODH]; Katz et Frost 1992) selon laquelle un système orthographique transparent (comme l’italien, l’espagnol ou le serbo-croate) transpose les phonèmes directement dans l’orthographe, nous vérifierons si nos résultats pour le français peuvent être généralisés à des langues dont l’orthographe est dite « transparente » (l’espagnol) comparativement à des langues dont l’orthographe est dite « opaque » (le français et l’anglais). Pour chacune des langues, nous avons voulu répondre à deux question, soit :
1. De quelle manière peut-on classifier les usages scripturaux attestés ?
2. Ces usages graphiques sont-ils les mêmes chez les adolescents et les adultes aux plans qualitatif et quantitatif ?
Les phénomènes scripturaux du clavardage impliquent également l’identité générationnelle. L’adolescence est une période caractérisée par la quête d’identité. L’étude de Sebba (2003) sur l’anglais démontre qu’il existe un rapport entre le « détournement de l’orthographe » et la construction identitaire chez les adolescents (par ex. les graffitis, la CMO). De plus, dans ces espaces communicationnels, nous assistons à la formation de communautés d’usagers fondée sur des intérêts communs (Crystal 2006), comme l’est la communauté des adolescents.
Pour la collecte des corpus, nous recourrons à des échanges effectués au moyen du protocole Internet Relay Chat (IRC). Aux fins de notre étude, nous délimitons dans chacune des langues deux sous-corpus sociolinguistiquement distincts : le premier constitué à partir de forums de clavardage destinés aux adolescents, le second à partir de forums pour adultes. Pour chacune des langues, nous avons analysé 4 520 énoncés extraits de divers canaux IRC pour adolescents et pour adultes. Nous dressons d’abord un inventaire quantifié des différents phénomènes scripturaux recensés et procédons ensuite à la comparaison des résultats.One of the most sticking aspects of technological progress over the last fifteen years is computer- mediated communication (CMC): chatting, instant messaging, e-mail, discussion forums, blogs, social networking sites, etc. In addition to having significantly impacted contemporary society, these communication tools have greatly modified writing practices. The object of this study is group chatting which offers many writers the possibility of communicating simultaneous amongst themselves. This communication tool shows two important discursive and communicational characteristics. First, chatting is generally a hybrid form of communication: the code used is written, but the exchange of messages forms a dialogue structure resembling oral speech. Second, the spontaneous character of chatting imposes speed, both in encoding and decoding messages.
Within the framework of a comparative study on writing practices in Francophone chatters (Tatossian and Dagenais 2008), four general categories for all writing variations in the corpus were established: abbreviatory processes, grapheme substitutions, word final neutralisations and expressive processes. Now we are interested in testing the rigueur of this classification in languages where the phonetico-graphical degree of correspondence differs. According to the Orthographic Depth Hypothesis [ODH] (Katz and Frost 1992), in which a transparent orthographic system (such as in Italian, Spanish or Serbo-Croatian) directly transpose phonemes into the orthographic system, we seek to verify whether our results for French can be generalised both to languages with a “transparent” orthographic system (Spanish) and to languages whose orthographic systems are “opaque” (French, English). For each language, two questions were asked:
1. How can attested scriptural practices be classified?
2. Are these graphic practices qualitatively and quantitatively similar amongst both adolescents and adults?
The scriptural phenomena related to chatting also imply a generational identity. Adolescence is a period characterised by the quests for an identity. A study by Sebba (2003) on English shows that a relationship exists between “modified spelling” and the construction of identity in adolescents (i.e. graffiti, CMC). In addition, in these communication realms, we see the creation of a community of users based on common interests (Crystal 2006), such as in the adolescent community.
A corpus was constructed from exchanges accessed through the Internet Relay Chat protocol. For each language in the study, two sociolinguistic distinct sub-corpora were defined: the first was made up of adolescent chat forums, the second, of a forum for adults. For each language, 4520 sentences, taken from various IRC channels for adolescents and adults, were analysed. First, a quantified inventory of the different scriptural phenomena collected was created and then the results were compared
- …
