1,721,036 research outputs found
Il lungo addio. la concentrazione della ricchezza in Italia dal 2002 al 2012
Get PDFIl lavoro descrive i cambiamenti della distribuzione della ricchezza, cioè del patrimonio, delle famiglie italiane, e della sua concentrazione. Ovviamente tale analisi viene inquadrata in un più ampio apprezzamento dell’evoluzione economico-sociale dell’Italia nell’ultimo quindicennio. Dopo aver dato conto di ciò, nelle pagine che seguono ci proponiamo di illustrare le variazioni nell’ammontare del patrimonio delle famiglie nel periodo 2002-2012, di misurare le variazioni del grado di disuguaglianza e, attraverso l’impiego della procedura di decomposizione del rapporto di concentrazione di Gini proposta da Dagum (Dagum 1997), di individuare quali gruppi sociali (classi) si sono avvantaggiati di questi cambiamenti e di migliorare la nostra comprensione sulle determinanti della concentrazione dei redditi e della ricchezzaThe paper describes the changes in the distribution of wealth, ie in the assets of Italian families, and its concentration. Of course, this analysis is framed in a broader appreciation of the social and economic evolution of Italy in the last fifteen years. After taking this into account, in the following pages we aim to illustrate the variations in the amount of household wealth in the period 2002-2012, to measure changes in the degree of inequality and, through the use of the procedure of decomposition of the Gini concentration ratio given by Dagum (Dagum 1997), to identify which social groups (classes) have taken advantage of these changes and to improve the our understanding of the determinants of the concentration of income and wealt
Where have all the flowers gone? The Impact of COVID-19 on UK Households’ Economic Well-Being
Get PDFThe United Kingdom introduced a national lockdown in March 2020, as a means to curb the rising pace of COVID-19 infections in the country. Since then, the various restrictions imposed on citizens have produced enormous social and economic consequences. However, full awareness of the mid-term and long-term impacts of such restrictive measures is still lacking. In this paper, by making use of longitudinal data from the Understanding Society COVID-19 study, consisting of nine survey waves administered to a representative sample of UK citizens from April 2020 to September 2021, we analyze the potential determinants of lack of employment and poor economic conditions, considering individuals’ length of stay in an economic hardship context and the differential effects related to their socio-demographic characteristics
Business Power and Mobility to Workplaces in Italian Regions during the First COVID-19 Wave
No full textThe diffusion of the pandemic and the severity of COVID-19-related measures were very uneven across regions; however, the intensity of the restrictions was not always tightly linked with the strength of the pandemic. Economic interests and business power might have played a role in defining political responses at the local level, which are in turn able to shape the intensity of work-related mobility. This article aims at investigating whether regional variations in the stringency of COVID-19-related measures have actual impacts on work-related mobility and whether there is an independent effect of the pressure exerted by unions and businesses, assuming mobility to be governed concurrently by stringency, pandemic intensity, and pressure. Through the analysis of original regional-level indicators of stringency and public pressure, we demonstrate that trade unions’ pressure is associated with a decrease in work-related mobility during the first COVID-19 wave in Italy
Job loss and financial struggle among the older age groups in 2021: Lessons from the European Union
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused detrimental economic effects worldwide. Adults around retirement age are especially vulnerable in this respect, being more likely to experience disturbances to their employment patterns: indeed, older adults are in general more affected by COVID-19 than the younger ones and less comfortable with working remotely, particularly as this often implies the possession of specific technological skills. Here, we examine the different impacts of the pandemic crisis on the various socio-demographic groups, particularly focusing on workers aged 50 and above who have experienced an involuntary job loss in the first year of the pandemic. We make use of the second Corona round of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), with data collected in all continental EU countries plus Switzerland and Israel during the summer of 2021. We analyse the extent to which the older European population kept being able to make ends meet, especially as a significant number of people in the sample experienced retirement or involuntary loss of employment, which translates into rising inequalities. Our results rely on subjective measures of economic well-being, measuring the respondents' self-perceived economic vulnerability. We show the ability to cover households' expenses to be associated with increasing age; however, also the likelihood of job loss results to be higher among the older individuals. Indeed, economic vulnerability is generally stronger among the individuals with poorer health and, thus, the oldest ones. We reveal the existence of a social component of poverty and highlight the need for economic support for ageing individuals in Europe, with some interesting differences across the EU countries
The consequences of COVID-19 on older adults: evidence from the SHARE Corona Survey
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic is revealing itself to be much more than a health crisis: it is becoming an economic and social one as well. Some segments of the population are more affected than others from the detrimental economic troubles brought about by COVID-19, which are likely going to become worse, and last longer, than the pandemic itself. Inequalities are going to rise, due to loss of wellbeing caused by the measures taken to contrast the spread of the virus. Such measures were directed towards everyone, despite the most vulnerable to the health consequences were also the ones with the smallest role on the economy. However, the economic consequences of the pandemic are especially affecting high-risk groups such as older adults. Making use of the SHARE Corona Survey, we examine the impact of COVID-19 among the older European population, focusing on their ability to make ends meet, loss of employment, and financial support received. Our results show that the ability to get through the month and the likelihood of job loss is positively correlated with increasing age, while aged individuals are less likely to receive financial support. Moreover, we show that such support mostly goes to those who really need it. We also reveal the existence of a social component of poverty. Finally, we highlight some interesting country group differences
The effectiveness of marketing tools in a consumer goods market in Italy during the Great Recession (2010-2015)
Get PDFIn the case of markets characterized by a stationary primary demand, the relevant dimension for measuring a company’s success is represented by market shares. The paper aims to build and comment on a model that gauges the competitive effects of marketing maneuvers on market shares, with reference to tea-based beverages in Italy in the period November 2010 – October 2015. This analysis will be instrumental in establishing the effectiveness of marketing policies based on promotions or advertising. We estimate such a model on weekly data provided by IRI Infoscan and Nielsen, involving the top five brands in the Italian market. After a descriptive analysis and a stationarity test, we estimate a Multinomial Logit model, making use of the Seemingly Unrelated Regressions method. The results allow us to identify the effectiveness of each brand’s marketing policies. Moreover, they enable us to derive the matrices of direct and cross elasticities of brands’ market shares with respect to the main marketing tools (price, promotions, distribution, advertising investments) and to compare basic and average market shares. Based on these results, it is therefore possible to identify the market’s competitive structure, revealing the most incisive factors to be price and weighted distribution, while advertising investments are significant in only a few cases and elasticities are remarkably low. The competitive structure appears to be of a horizontal type (i.e., cross elasticities do not vary greatly)
Measuring the effectiveness of COVID-19 containment policies in Italian regions: are we doing enough?
Get PDFA successful fight against COVID-19 greatly depends on citizens’ adherence to the restrictive measures, which may not suffice alone. Making use of a containment index, data on sanctions, and Google’s movement trends across Italian regions, complemented by other sources, we investigate the extent to which compliance with the mobility limitations has affected the number of deaths over time in the period from the 24th of February 2020 to the 9th of November 2020, by using panel data for Italian regions, analysed through a negative binomial regression method. We also differentiated the study period, estimating two distinct models on two subsamples: until the 13th of September and since the 14th of September. In so doing, we show how the pandemic dynamics have changed between the first and the second wave of the emergency. Our results highlight that the importance of the restrictive measures and of citizens’ accord on their abidance has greatly increased since the end of the summer, also because the stringency level of the adopted measures has critically declined. Informing citizens about the effects and purposes of the restrictive measures is of paramount importance, especially in the current phase of the pandemic
The Long Goodbye: Wealth Concentration in Italy 2002-2012
Get PDFThe paper illustrates the changes in family assets between 2002 and 2012, and measures the changes in the degree of inequality using Gini coefficient. Futhermore we try to identify which social groups (classes) have gained by these changes, using the decomposition procedure of the Gini concentration ratio proposed by Dagum. The results show that the Great Recession has mainly manifested itself as an increase in the concentration of family assets, whch grows much more than income concentration. The dispersion of values of the assets within social groups has increased, and at the same time so has the transvariation between distributions
Changes in wealth distribution in Italy (2002-2012) and who gained from the Great Recession
Get PDFThe aim of the paper is to analyze changes in families’ assets between 2002 and 2012; to measure changes in the degree of inequality; and to identify which social groups (or classes) have gained from these changes, using the decomposition procedure of the Gini concentration ratio proposed by Dagum (1997). The paper introduces two important methodological innovations. First, the definition of household wealth employed here is net wealth minus the value of the household’s home (if owned). Second, we develop a new method for computing the Gini coefficient in presence of negative values, and for decomposing it.
JEL Classification: D10, D3
Parole, soltanto parole, parole tra noi
Get PDFIn recent years there has been a fair amount of debate in Italy about regional differences in student achievements at the end of the high school cycle (Esame di Stato). In particular, concerns have been expressed about the performance of students in Southern Italy, higher than the national average, while standardized tests of learning outcomes point to a very different situation. The paper investigates this issue using simple statistical methods to disentangle the geographical area effect from the effects of other characteristics. The main finding is that a regional effect is present in final grades, but it is more important in the area of Central Italy rather than in Southern Italy
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