30 research outputs found
Quasi Score is more efficient than Corrected Score in a general nonlinear measurement error model
Get PDFWe compare two consistent estimators of the parameter vector beta of a general exponential family measurement error model with respect to their relative efficiency. The quasi score (QS) estimator uses the distribution of the regressor, the corrected score (CS) estimator does not make use of this distribution and is therefore more robust. However, if the regressor distribution is known, QS is asymptotically more efficient than CS. In some cases it is, in fact, even strictly more efficient, in the sense that the difference of the asymptotic covariance matrices of CS and QS is positive definite
On the Nonlinear Triggering of VLF Emissions by Power Line Harmonic Radiation
No full textVLF ground data from Porojarvi in N. Finland has been presented. Spectrograms reveal frequent occurrence of power line harmonic radiation (PLHR), originating from the Finnish power system and from heavy industrial plant. This radiation is seen to penetrate the magnetosphere since numerous occurrences of PLHR triggered emissions are seen. Risers predominate but fallers and hooks are also observed. A well established 1D Vlasov simulation code has been used to simulate these emissions, using plausible magnetospheric data for a range of L values from L=4 to L=5.5. The code is able to reproduce risers fallers and hooks in close agreement with observations. The results shed considerable insight into the generation region structure of both risers and fallers
ЯКОРЕНИЕ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ МАРКЕТИНГЕ
Get PDFThe main purpose of marketing, both ineconomy and in politics is to attract themaximum number of customers or voters, maximizing customer satisfaction and ,ideally, improve the quality of life.The author, in various aspects, thetechnology of anchoring used in NLP, to attract customers and voters, both in the economy and in politics.In different examples demonstrate theoverall impact on the psychology of the consumer. Separating policy and the economy, marketers are missing something. The author proposes to look at how psychologicalanchors affect these two, at fi rst glance, different vector.Основнаяцельмаркетинга, каквэкономике, так и в политике - это привлечениемаксимальногоколичествапокупателей или избирателей, максимизация потребительскойудовлетворенностии, в идеале, улучшение качества жизни. Автор статьи предлагает, для решения поставленной задачи, использовать нейролингвистическое программирование. Автором, в разных аспектах, рассматриваетсятехнологияякорения, используемаявНЛП, дляпривлечения покупателей и избирателей, как в экономике, так и в политике. На разных примерах демонстрируется общее воздействие на психологию потребителя. Разделяяполитикуиэкономику, маркетологимногоетеряют. Авторпредлагает посмотреть, какпсихологическиеякоря влияют на эти два, на первый взгляд, различных вектора
Национально маркированная коллективная языковая личность персонажа (на материале романа В. Шкляра» Характерник»)
No full textТ. Шуліченко: ORCID 0000-0002-4579-6669UK: Статтю присвячено дослідженню національно маркованої колективної особистості персонажів роману В. Шкляра «Характерник», проаналізовано чинники, що безпосередньо впливають на її формування; опрацьовано різні підходи до потрактування поняття мовної особистості та сучасні тенденції його дослідження.ENG:The article analyzes nationally marked collective linguistic personality in V. Shkliar`s novel «Kharakternyk»; identifies the relationship between linguistic personality and the worldview of the community where it was formed; analyzes different scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of linguistic personality and modern tendencies in its study. There is no doubt that the importance of analyzing the linguistic personality of the characters in popular books is difficult to overestimate because if one or another book gained popularity among a great number of people, then it is interesting to the reader because he identifies himself with the main character of this book, his perception of the world, the language, the linguistic behavior. It should be noted that modern Ukrainian authors had to fight for their popularity, but now we can observe the increasing public interest in the works of Ukrainian writers. In our opinion, V. Shklyar is one of the most popular and most controversial writers in Ukraine and it was the main reason why we chose his novel to analyze. In our opinion, one of the best examples of how to create a bright character, to show his inner world without resorting to broad authorical characteristics, is V. Shklyar`s novel «Kharakternyk». The aim of this paper is to investigate the main features of the nationally marked collective linguistic personality of the characters in the novel of V. Shklyar «Kharakternyk». Achieving the aim of this scientific article involves solving the following tasks: 1) to analyze the historical formation of the concept «linguistic personality» and to get acquainted with modern tendencies in the study of linguistic personality nowadays; 2) to identify the main factors influencing the formation of linguistic personality; 3) to analyze the main features and national markers of the collective linguistic personality in the novel of V. Shklyar «Kharakternyk». The object of our scientific article is the linguistic personality of the characters of the modern novel. The subject of this work is the collective linguistic personality in the V. Shkliar`s novel «Kharakternyk». The concept of linguistic personality was analyzed by such linguists as V.Sheludko, T. Dolshykova, L, Macko, T. Mayboroda and other scientists. Today the linguistic personality of Ukrainian writers is of interest to linguists which indicates the anthropological perspective of linguistic research in Ukraine, but the linguistic personality of the characters in modern Ukrainian literature is beyond their attention. That`s why this scientific article is relevant. In conclusion, we would like to note that all the characters in the novel are people with a stable worldview, philosophy of life, which is reflected in their verbal communication.RU: Статья посвящена исследованию национально маркированной коллективной языковой личности персонажа романа В. Шкляра «Характерник», проанализировано факторы, влияющие на ее формирование; обработано различные подходы к определению понятия языковой личности и современные тенденции ее исследования
Comparing the efficiency of structural and functional methods in measurement error models
Get PDFThe paper is a survey of recent investigations by the authors and others into the relative efficiencies of structural and functional estimators of the regression parameters in a measurement error model. While structural methods, in particular the quasi-score (QS) method, take advantage of the knowledge of the regressor distribution (if available), functional methods, in particular the corrected score (CS) method, discards such knowledge and works even if such knowledge is not available. Among other results, it has been shown that QS is more efficient than CS as long as the regressor distribution is completely known. However, if nuisance parameters in the regressor distribution have to be estimated, this is no more true in general. But by modifying the QS method, the adverse effect of the nuisance parameters can be overcome. For small measurement errors, the efficiencies of QS and CS become almost indistinguishable, whether nuisance parameters are present or not. QS is (asymptotically) biased if the regressor distribution has been misspecified, while CS is always consistent and thus more robust than QS
The reaction NN -> NNgamma in the 1 GeV region within an effective one-boson exchange model
Get PDFWithin an effective one- boson exchange parametrization of the T matrix of NN interactions we calculate cross sections for the reactions pp → ppγ and pn → pnγ for proton incidence energies in the order of 1 GeV. Besides bremsstrahlung processes we consider photons from ∆ decays and contributions from the η → γγ process, where the η is excited via the N1535 resonance. At beam energies above 700 MeV the ∆ decay channiel dsminates for large photon energies, while above the η threshold the η decay photons ähsw up only in a narrow window. The low energy photons stem frorn pure bremsstrahlunig processes
Bremsstrahlung in intermediate-energy nucleon reactions within an effective one-beson exchange model
Get PDFWithin a covariant effective one-boson exchange model for the T matrix of NN interactions we present detailed calculations of bremsstrahlung cross sections for proton - proton and proton - neutron reactions at beam energies in the 1 GeV region. Besides pure bremsstrahlung processes we consider photons from ∆ decays and contributions from the η → γγ process. At beam energies above 700 MeV the ∆ decay channel dominates the spectra at large photon energies, where the interference between non-resonance processes and the ∆ decay channel becomes also important. Low energy photons stem from pure bremsstrahlung processes. The available experimental data at 730 MeV beam energy is well described. We extrapolate the model down to 280 MeV, where more detailed experimental data exist, and find agreement with angular distributions
Ground and Space Signatures of VLF Noise Suppression by Whistlers
Get PDFAbstractVLF (VeryLow Frequency) spectrograms registered at Kannuslehto ground station, after cleaning them from strong sferics, reveal VLF noise suppression by whistlers and whistler echo trains, which consists in significant reduction in the noise spectral power after a strong whistler event. We have found similar effect in the VLF data from Van Allen Probe B taken in the equatorial region on L‐shell ~3. Detailed analysis of the data shows that the whistler echo train and the VLF noise have small wave normal angles. Based on this observation, we limit our analysis to parallel (ducted) whistler wave propagation. The persistence of whistler echo train, as well as the VLF noise, suggests that in the events under discussion, plasma is unstable in the frequency range corresponding to the observed VLF noise band. In an attempt to explain the effect of VLF noise suppression, we follow up the long‐standing idea that relates this effect to the reduction of free energy in the unstable plasma distribution by whistler echo train. To develop this idea into qualitative model, we have studied the motion of energetic electrons, responsible for the noise generation, in the field of ducted whistler echo train. We show that energetic electrons that make the main contribution to the growth rate of VLF noise, during their bounce oscillations in the magnetosphere, are subject to multiple resonant impacts from the whistler echo train. These lead to energetic electron diffusion in the phase space and the corresponding reduction in free energy of the unstable distribution.Abstract
VLF (VeryLow Frequency) spectrograms registered at Kannuslehto ground station, after cleaning them from strong sferics, reveal VLF noise suppression by whistlers and whistler echo trains, which consists in significant reduction in the noise spectral power after a strong whistler event. We have found similar effect in the VLF data from Van Allen Probe B taken in the equatorial region on L‐shell ~3. Detailed analysis of the data shows that the whistler echo train and the VLF noise have small wave normal angles. Based on this observation, we limit our analysis to parallel (ducted) whistler wave propagation. The persistence of whistler echo train, as well as the VLF noise, suggests that in the events under discussion, plasma is unstable in the frequency range corresponding to the observed VLF noise band. In an attempt to explain the effect of VLF noise suppression, we follow up the long‐standing idea that relates this effect to the reduction of free energy in the unstable plasma distribution by whistler echo train. To develop this idea into qualitative model, we have studied the motion of energetic electrons, responsible for the noise generation, in the field of ducted whistler echo train. We show that energetic electrons that make the main contribution to the growth rate of VLF noise, during their bounce oscillations in the magnetosphere, are subject to multiple resonant impacts from the whistler echo train. These lead to energetic electron diffusion in the phase space and the corresponding reduction in free energy of the unstable distribution
Cyclotron acceleration of radiation belt electrons by whistlers
No full textThe work considers the non linear scattering of energetic electrons in the earth's radiation belts due to cyclotron interaction with VLF whistlers. In particular we consdier the acceleration of electrons which may result from trapping in the inhomogeneous medium. It is shown that considerable electron heating may result, and that the very anisotorpic electron distribution functions observed by Bell etal may be explained
Cooling Strategies for Greenhouses in Summer: Control of Fogging by Pulse Width Modulation
Get PDFThe possibilities for improving the control of greenhouse fogging systems, were studied by comparing several combinations of ventilation cooling techniques, shade screening and low-pressure fogging. The study was divided into three parts: experiments, modelling and simulations. In the first part of the paper, ten combinations of five cooling techniques were tested during the summers of 2002 and 2003 in a 132m2 greenhouse with a steel structure and a single-layer methacrylate cover located in Madrid, Spain. An analysis of variance of the climatic parameters was carried out to determine which combinations produced significant differences in inside temperature or relative humidity. Comparing the values for the inside to outside temperature difference, the combination of a shade screen and above-screen fogging achieved a difference in temperature almost the same as that for under-screen fogging, but the relative humidity was significantly lower. In the second part of the study a dynamic model was developed (2002) and validated (2003). The mean absolute error obtained for inside temperature was similar in the fit and the validation and it was less than 1.5 1C in both cases. The model was used to simulate the inside air temperature for a fog system working without shading, and above and under a shade screen. Control algorithms were developed for reducing system water consumption. In the three cases a simple on/off control with a fixed fogging cycle was compared with a pulse width modulation (PWM) strategy, in which the duration of the fogging pulse was increased as a function of inside temperature. The strategies with PWM applied to the fog system were able to reduce water consumption by 8–15% with respect to the strategies with a fixed fogging cycle
