90 research outputs found
A novel putter design to minimise range variability in golf putts
No full textPutting accounts for more shots in a round of golf than any other type of play. The percentage of putts holed decreases as putt length increases, because golfers struggle to achieve a consistent range and direction. Range variation has been partly attributed to the ball striking the club face away from the central plane of the putter face. Tests have shown a 30mm off-centre impact can reduce the roll distance of a putt by 13%. In this paper, changes in mass distribution of the putter body and the addition of a flexible striking surface are considered. Physical testing and Finite Element Analysis are used to produce a club design with more consistent roll distance. Redistribution of mass reduced the roll distance variation across the clubface. Combining this with a flexible impact surface reduced the variation between a central impact and one 20mm from centre to just 1%. The proposed design could significantly reduce distance variation; aiding golfers in holing putts. Future work will optimise the design and validate through physical prototyping
Effect of different aqueous solutions of pure salts and salt mixtures in reverse electrodialysis systems for closed-loop applications
No full textReverse Electrodialysis (RED) in a closed-loop arrangement is a viable way to convert low-grade heat into
electric power. The present work experimentally investigates the use of pure salt- and equimolar two salts-water
solutions as feeds in a lab-scale RED unit. RED performances were analysed in terms of Open Circuit Voltage
(OCV), stack resistance and corrected power density. The pure salts and the mixtures employed were chosen via
a computational analysis. Effect of feed solution velocity and concentration was investigated. Results concerning
the pure salt-water experiments show that NH4Cl is the most performing salt in the concentration range probed,
while higher power density values are expected with the use of LiCl at larger concentrations. As regards the salt
binary mixtures, in some cases, the measured stack electrical resistance was found lower than both the two
values measured for the corresponding pure salts, thus resulting into higher power density values for the mixtures.
This surprising experimental evidence suggests that it is possible to increase the power produced by a
conventional RED unit by adding an equivalent molar quantity of another suitable salt. Finally, among the
mixtures tested, the NH4Cl-LiCl mixture appears as the most promising, thanks to the combination of the favorable
properties of these two salts
Miss your putts? The key EEG index to achieve the superior performance in golf putting
No full textCheng M-Y, Wang K-P, Koester D, Schack T. Miss your putts? The key EEG index to achieve the superior performance in golf putting. Presented at the Asia Conference on Kinesiology 2018, Taichung, Taiwan
Miss your putts? The key EEG index to achieve the superior performance in golf putting performance
No full textCheng M-Y, Wang K-P, Koester D, Hung T-M, Schack T. Miss your putts? The key EEG index to achieve the superior performance in golf putting performance. Presented at the Movementis, Boston, MA, USA.Objective: Psychomotor efficiency refers to the processing efficiency in the cortical activity in sports performance. Superior performers achieve the high psychomotor efficiency by attenuating the irrelevant cortical processing. Previous studies promising reported a close relationship between the cortical activity in the sensorimotor area and psychomotor efficiency. This study puts forward sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), 12–15 Hz of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in the sensorimotor area, serves as a promising EEG marker which might become the primary training target for the neurofeedback training in sports performance enhancement.
Methods: Thirty-six pre-elite golfers were recruited to perform 40 putts on an artificial green while EEG was recorded. To understand the SMR activity in the superior putting performance, we extracted and compared the SMR activity from the best ten putts and the worst ten putts.
Results: The best putting performance is associated with higher SMR power during the last second before the backswing when compared with the worst putting performance. In both performances pool, no other changes were observed on the flanking frequency bands, such as theta and low beta bands. This finding lends support to the notion of psychomotor efficiency hypothesis and infers that SMR is the sensitive component, which separates the best putting performance from the worst one.
Conclusion: This finding suggests that reduced interference at the sensorimotor area, as reflected by higher SMR power, may lead to superior psychomotor efficiency during the putting preparation. We conclude that SMR may be a promising component in understanding the psychomotor efficiency for precision sports performance. Future studies are recommended to evaluate the beneficial effects which incorporating the augmented SMR neurofeedback training to develop an efficient and effective training protocol for sports performance enhancement
Analysis of Brain Activity in Elite Golfers
No full textabstract: It is unknown which regions of the brain are most or least active for golfers during a peak performance state (Flow State or "The Zone") on the putting green. To address this issue, electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were taken on 10 elite golfers while they performed a putting drill consisting of hitting nine putts spaced uniformly around a hole each five feet away. Data was collected at three time periods, before, during and after the putt. Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) measurements were also recorded on each subject. Three of the subjects performed a visualization of the same putting drill and their brain waves and GSR were recorded and then compared with their actual performance of the drill. EEG data in the Theta (4 \u2014 7 Hz) bandwidth and Alpha (7 \u2014 13 Hz) bandwidth in 11 different locations across the head were analyzed. Relative power spectrum was used to quantify the data. From the results, it was found that there is a higher magnitude of power in both the theta and alpha bandwidths for a missed putt in comparison to a made putt (p<0.05). It was also found that there is a higher average power in the right hemisphere for made putts. There was not a higher power in the occipital region of the brain nor was there a lower power level in the frontal cortical region during made putts. The hypothesis that there would be a difference between the means of the power level in performance compared to visualization techniques was also supported
Anxiety and performance: a learning-by-doing model
No full textIn this article, we show that a standard economic model, the endogenous learning-by-doing model, captures several major themes from the anxiety literature in psychology. In our model, anxiety is a fully endogenous construct that can be separated naturally into its cognitive and physiological components. As such, our results are directly comparable with hypotheses and evidence from psychology. We show that anxiety can serve a motivating function, which suggests potential applications in the principal–agent literature.It doesn't take much technique to roll a 1.68 inch ball along a smooth, level surface into, or in the immediate vicinity of, a 4.5 inch hole. With no pressure on you, you can do it one-handed most of the time. But there is always pressure on the shorter putts … 90 percent of the rounds I play in major championships, I play with a bit of a shake.
Jack Nicklaus, quoted in Patmore (1986, p. 75
PHITS - Applications to radiation biology and radiotherapy
No full textPHITS is a 3-dimensional general-purpose Monte Carlo code, which can transport of all varieties of hadrons and heavy ions with energies up to around 100 GeV/nucleon. To be able to estimate the biological damage from neutrons with PUTTS, a feature has been included to treat low energy neutron collisions as "events" which means that the energy and momentum is conserved in each event and makes it possible to extract the kinetic energy distributions of all the residual nuclei without using any local approximation. To estimate the direct biological effects of radiation, mathematical functions, for calculating the microdosmetric probability densities in macroscopic material, have been incorporated in PUTTS. This makes it possible to instantaneously calculate the probability densities of lineal and specific energies around the trajectories of high energetic charged particle tracks. A method for estimating the biological dose has also been established by using the improved PUTTS coupled to a microdosimetric kinetic model
PHITS - Applications to radiation biology and radiotherapy [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textPHITS is a 3-dimensional general-purpose Monte Carlo code, which can transport of all varieties of hadrons and heavy ions with energies up to around 100 GeV/nucleon. To be able to estimate the biological damage from neutrons with PUTTS, a feature has been included to treat low energy neutron collisions as "events" which means that the energy and momentum is conserved in each event and makes it possible to extract the kinetic energy distributions of all the residual nuclei without using any local approximation. To estimate the direct biological effects of radiation, mathematical functions, for calculating the microdosmetric probability densities in macroscopic material, have been incorporated in PUTTS. This makes it possible to instantaneously calculate the probability densities of lineal and specific energies around the trajectories of high energetic charged particle tracks. A method for estimating the biological dose has also been established by using the improved PUTTS coupled to a microdosimetric kinetic model
Influencing the success and accuracy of putting stroke using drill exercises
No full textTitle: Influencing the success and accuracy of putting stroke using drill exercises Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of specific training conditions (short and long drills) on the success and accuracy of putting stroke of amateur golfers. Methods: Ten amateur golfers participated in this study (age = 35,0 ± 12,9 years; height = 176,7 ± 10,1 cm; weigth = 73,9 ± 17,7 kg; Hcp = 27,7 ± 13,4; game experiance = 4,2 ± 2,6 years). The design of this study consisted of data collection before training, a training session, and data collection after training. Before and after intervention each player made 10 putts from distance of 0,9 m, 1,5 m, 3 m, 8 m, 10 m a 12 m. During 4 weeks of intervention, the research file was divided into two grups (short and long drills). To determine the relationship between parameters success and accuracy, game level (hcp), game experience and training frequency was used Pearson's correlation coefficient (p < 0,05). To determine the statistically significant difference between the pre and post intervention test was used a paired t-test. Results: When evaluating all players together before and after intervention, we found higher success of short putts (by 11 %, p < 0,001) and higher accuracy of long putts (by 15,8 %, p < 0,001). A group of short..
those days
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