445 research outputs found
Correction: Distribution of moniliformin in industrial maize milling and flaking process (Mycotoxin Research, (2024), 40, 4, (659-665), 10.1007/s12550-024-00560-3)
No full textIn the original version of this article, the given and family names of "Terenzio Bertuzzi, Alessio Abate, Paola Giorni" were incorrectly structured. Given here are the corrected author names. The original article has been corrected
Una protesta senza movimento? L’animalismo in Italia e la centralità dell’advocacy individuale
No full textThe article investigates forms of organized interest for animal rights and wellbeing. The field consists in a variegated composition of individual and collective actors, quite different in terms of ideological values and action strategies. The author presents a historical overview of the phenomenon during the twentieth century. However, the main focus of the paper is on the present situation, and specifically on the importance assumed by the personal action frames and individual repertoires of contention. Through an online survey (704 responses) and 20 semi-structured interviews, the author frames animal advocacy within a number of typical characteristics of modernity, and especially the process of individualization. Considering these elements, the forms of protest and advocacy are widespread, while an actual movement identity is in crisis
Anaerobic Digestion of Mycotoxin-Contaminated Wheat: Effects on Methane Yield and Contamination Level
No full textIn this study, biogas and biomethane production during mesophilic anaerobic digestion of wheat substrates coming from national crops and naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON) and/or T-2/HT-2 toxins was investigated. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests of both wholewheat flour and of the main milling fractions were carried out to assess the effect on the concentration of mycotoxins on the anaerobic biological process and their residual presence in the final digestate. The good methane average production achieved (337.0 ± 24.5 NL CH4/kg VS) was substantially comparable with the yields gained from similar biomasses at mesophilic conditions. Moreover, an effective reduction (60.7–100%) of DON concentration was obtained in all the tested substrates (range of contamination in the samples, 368–12,916 μg/kg) whereas the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxin levels in digestates was alway
Una mirada al Trabajador Social en el abordaje de la violencia de género desde la Oficina de Asuntos Tutelares
No full textFil: Bertuzzi, Camila. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica; Argentina.Fil: Huenchullan, Gisella. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica; Argentina.Este trabajo de investigación cualitativo describe el rol del Trabajador Social en el abordaje de violencia de género desde la Oficina de Asuntos Tutelares, dependiente de la Institución Policial, en la ciudad de Viedma. Se basa en la indagación de las funciones y estrategias que los profesionales desempeñan y construyen para abordar la situación problema, el significado que para ellos tiene esta tarea en el marco de dicha institución, caracterizada por su complejidad y normatividad. Esta investigación pretende aportar hallazgos que promuevan el progreso de los trabajadores sociales en el campo profesional, contribuyendo a la legitimidad de la intervención profesional. Se utilizaron como técnicas de recolección de datos: entrevistas en profundidad y evidencia documental. Por último, se procedió a la verificación de los resultados y a la obtención de las conclusiones a través de un análisis comparativo
Distribution of Alternaria toxins in tomato pulp and peel and their stability to heat treatments
No full textIntroduction and methods: The distribution of tenuazonic acid (TeA), alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and tentoxin (TEN) between the pulp and peel was determined in different tomato varieties after artificial inoculation with three Alternaria species (Alternaria alternata, Alternaria tenuissima, and Alternaria solani) and incubation for 3 weeks. The role of heat treatments, similar to pasteurization, in their stability was also investigated. Results and discussion: Unlike AME that was never detected, TeA, AOH, and TEN were determined at different levels in the pulp and peel. Specifically, AOH remained mainly in the peel, where the inoculation was carried out, while TeA and TEN migrated into the pulp and were also found in the discarded liquid accumulated during the incubation period. Heat treatments reduced TeA, AOH, and TEN to varying degrees. In particular, the TeA level was slightly reduced after treatment both at 100°C (approximately 10%) and 121°C (approximately 20%), while a reduction of approximately 30% was achieved after the double heat treatment (treatment at 100°C followed by treatment at 121°C). AOH was found to be less stable to heat treatments, showing a reduction of around 50% after treatment at 100°C and up to 80% after double heating treatments. TEN was reduced by approximately 50% only after the combined treatment of 100°C + 121°C
Fusarium verticillioides and aspergillus flavus co-occurrence influences plant and fungal transcriptional profiles in maize kernels and in vitro
No full textClimate change will increase the co-occurrence of Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus, along with their mycotoxins, in European maize. In this study, the expression profiles of two pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and four mycotoxin biosynthetic genes, FUM1 and FUM13, fumonisin pathway, and aflR and aflD, aflatoxin pathway, as well as mycotoxin production, were examined in kernels and in artificial medium after a single inoculation with F. verticillioides or A. flavus or with the two fungi in combination. Different temperature regimes (20, 25 and 30◦ C) over a time-course of 21 days were also considered. In maize kernels, PR genes showed the strongest induction at 25◦ C in the earlier days post inoculation (dpi)with both fungi inoculated singularly. A similar behaviour was maintained with fungi co-occurrence, but with enhanced defence response at 9 dpi under 20◦ C. Regarding FUM genes, in the kernels inoculated with F. verticillioides the maximal transcript levels occurred at 6 dpi at 25◦ C. At this temperature regime, expression values decreased with the co-occurrence of A. flavus, where the highest gene induction was detected at 20◦ C. Similar results were observed in fungi grown in vitro, whilst A. flavus presence determined lower levels of expression along the entire time-course. As concerns afl genes, considering both A. flavus alone and in combination, the most elevated transcript accumulation occurred at 30◦ C during all time-course both in infected kernels and in fungi grown in vitro. Regarding mycotoxin production, no significant differences were found among temperatures for kernel contamination, whereas in vitro the highest production was registered at 25◦ C for aflatoxin B1 and at 20◦ C for fumonisins in the case of single inoculation. In fungal co-occurrence, both mycotoxins resulted reduced at all the temperatures considered compared to the amount produced with single inoculation
Known and emerging mycotoxins in small-and large-scale brewed beer
No full textThe occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), sterigmatocystin (STC), and citrinin (CIT) was evaluated in samples of small-(SS) and large-scale (LS) brewed beer. The analyses were conducted using HPLC-FLD for OTA, GC-MS for DON, and LC-MS/MS for STC and CIT. During 2017, a total of 83 samples of SS and LS brewed beer (42 and 41, respectively) were sampled; for both types of beer, the most sold beers in Italy were collected. CIT was never detected in any sample, whereas OTA, DON, and STC prevalence was 45.8%, 25.3%, and 27.7%, respectively. The mean and maximum values for OTA, DON, and STC were 0.007 and 0.070; 8.6 and 99; 0.001 and 0.018 μg/kg, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the SS and LS beers. The results of this survey showed a low contamination; the levels found should not represent a serious risk for consumers’ health
Targeted healthy compounds in small and large-scale brewed beers
No full textThe determination of targeted healthy compounds in the most popular small and large-scale brewed beer sold in
Italy was carried out. Nitrogen compounds, fermentable sugars, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity,
β-glucans, pyridoxine, folates and silicon were quantified. Further, amine content was determined since raw
materials and brewing technology can affect their level. Significantly higher values for total phenolic content,
antioxidant activity, nitrogen, folate and putrescine content were found for small scale beers. However, the
statistical results were affected by the different beer styles in the small scale and large scale brewed beer groups,
since the content of these components can vary between beer styles. Positive Pearson correlation was found
between total phenolic content and EBC colour. Wide variations in pyridoxine, β-glucans and fermentable sugars
levels were observed both for small and large scale beers, while average silicon content of two groups was
similar
Volatile Compounds in Green and Roasted Arabica Specialty Coffee: Discrimination of Origins, Post-Harvesting Processes, and Roasting Level
No full textThe aroma of coffee is a complex mixture of more than 1000 compounds. The volatile compounds in green and roasted coffee were analyzed to detect several features related to quality, roasting level, origins, and the presence of specific defects. With respect to specialty coffee, the flavor profile and peculiarities of the aforementioned characteristics are even more relevant knowing the expectations of consumers to find, in a cup of coffee, unicity bestowed by its origin and post-harvesting processes. In this work, which dealt with 46 lots of specialty Arabica coffee, we used HS-SPME/GC-MS to detect the volatile compounds in green coffees together with those in the same coffees roasted at three different levels to identify whether differences in headspace composition were ascribable to the origin, the post-harvesting processes, and the roasting profiles. The main results are related to the discriminant power of the volatile compounds in green coffee, which are impacted by the origins more than the post-harvesting processes. Compounds such as linalool and 2,3-butanediol were more concentrated in natural coffees, while hexanal was more concentrated in washed varieties (p < 0.05). In roasted coffees, the differences in composition were due to roasting levels, countries of origin, and the post-harvesting processes, in descending order of significance
Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in raw ham muscle, salami and dry-cured ham from pigs fed with contaminated diet".
No full textPork meat-derived products can contribute to the overall ochratoxin A intake, either by carry-over effect, or
by environmental mould population cross-contamination. In order to assess the role of these different
contamination routes, a study was carried out with pigs challenged orally with OTA contaminated feed at
subchronical level. After slaughtering, thighs and minced meat from control and treated groups were
transformed into dry-cured hams and salami, respectively, which were analysed for OTA determination after
ripening. From collected data, the carry-over in muscle was generally low, whereas a significant contribution
to the OTA contamination in dry-cured hams was due to toxinogenic mould population growing on their
surface during ripening. Finally, a survey of different types of dry-cured ham (n = 110), from the Italian
market, was performed, showing the occurrence of OTA on the surface portion in 84 out of 110 samples with
a median value of 0.53 μg/kg and in the inner core in 32 out of 110 samples with a median value lower than
0.1 μg/kg
- …
