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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Fantasies and fears over water around the world
No full textWhat should we make of the wild rumors on the increasing scarcity of fresh water around the world? What are the challenges connected to the increase in the world’s population and to climate change? Does water lead more to war than to peace? Theses are the questions
addressed in this article. The overall objective of this pan-African programme of research is to contribute to making available good quality, reliable and accessible information systems through the application of the P-GIS approach to improve natural resource management (water, land and forest in particular) and promote food security
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
TIC et accès des ruraux à l’information
No full textSenegalese farmers are often isolated from any elemental information on the markets and find themselves unable to adapt their production to these places of commercialization. Until then, existing devices gave for instance through the radio a weekly information about the markets prices ie. with a frequency unadapted to the daily variation of those prices. This situation explains their increasing marginalisation inside their production sectors and the development of the informal, since this one deals much better the access to information. But since the informal sector does hardly create material value in the farming industries, those ones encounter a drop of performance that has consequences on the income level of small producers. To solve the problem and to bring the producers closer to their markets and to those in charge of supporting them in their processes, the company Manobi Senegal has implemented an information system on the markets in wolof called Xam Marsé which is made not only to break farmers isolation by a simple mean of access to strategic information, but also to re-up their incomes level.Les producteurs agricoles sénégalais sont souvent isolés de toute information élémentaire sur les marchés et se retrouvent dans l’incapacité d’adapter leur production aux exigences de ces lieux de commercialisation. Or, les dispositifs existants jusque-là donnaient à la radio par exemple une information hebdomadaire sur les prix des marchés, soit à une fréquence inadaptée à la variation quotidienne de ces mêmes prix. Cette situation justifie leur marginalisation croissante dans leurs filières de production et le développement de l’informel en raison de la prédisposition de ce dernier à mieux gérer l’accès à l’information. Mais puisque le secteur informel ne crée presque pas de valeur matérielle dans les filières agricoles, celles-ci se retrouvent éprouvées et voient leur performance chuter, affectant le niveau de revenus des petits producteurs. Pour remédier à cette situation et parvenir à rapprocher les producteurs de leurs marchés et de ceux chargés de les soutenir dans leurs démarches, la société Manobi Sénégal a mis sur pied un système d’information sur les marchés, appelé Xam Marsé en wolof, qui a vocation non seulement à rompre l’isolement des producteurs par un accès simple à une information stratégique, mais aussi à rehausser leur niveau de revenus
Taking stock of GIS and P-GIS
No full textFrench version available in IDRC Digital Library: Systèmes d'information géographique participatifs (SIG-P) dans la gestion des ressources naturelles et la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique : ict4d article, mars 2011Studies have been undertaken to take stock of GIS and P-GIS initiatives in Benin, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Senegal, and Tunisia. Objectives of the research are to establish a baseline regarding GIS and P-GIS in each country; review various information systems on natural resources; identify issues essential for the institutionalization of approaches based on P-GIS; and identify areas for reflection on the interoperability of P-GIS databases. Research tools adapted to local contexts include questionnaires, interview guides, analytical grids and software for information processing. This article provides an overview of the P-GIS process
Éléments pour un état des lieux sur les SIG et SIG-P
No full textVersion anglaise disponible dans la Bibliothèque numérique du CRDI : Participatory Geographic Information Systems (P-GIS) for natural resource management and food security in Africa : ict4d article, March 201
high loaded anaerobic mesophilic digestion of sewage sludge : An evaluation of the critical organic loading rate and hydraulic retention time for the anaerobic digestion process at Käppala Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP).
No full textKäppala wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has, during a few years, observed an increase in organic loading rate (OLR) in the mesophilic anaerobic digester R100, due to an increased load to the WWTP. The digestion of primary sludge at Käppala WWTP is today high loaded, with a high organic loading rate (OLR) and low hydraulic retention time (HRT). This study aims to evaluate the effect of the maximum OLR and the minimum HRT for the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge and to investigate further actions that can be taken into consideration in case of process problems in the digestion. The study consists of (a) a practical laboratory experiment of 6 pilot-scale reactors to investigate how the process stability is affected when the OLR increases and the HRT decreases. (b) A mass balance calculation based on the energy potential in the feeding sludge and the digested sludge. (c) A study of the filterability of the digested sludge. (d) The construction of a forecasting model in Excel, to predict when digester R100 will reach its maximum OLR and minimum HRT. The result of the study shows that the maximum OLR for Käppala conditions is 4.9 g VS dm-3 d-1, meaning that R100 will reach its maximum organic load around the year 2031. An OLR of 4.5-4.9 and an HRT of 12 days is optimal for R100, according to the present study. Keeping the anaerobic digestion process in balance is vital when it comes to the outcome of energy in the anaerobic digestion process. Pushing the process to produce more gas can become counterproductive since a high OLR can lead to process imbalance, which in turn leads to low biogas production. Imbalance in the digestion process can occur fast; therefore, the margin for overload in the anaerobic digestion process must be significant. The methane concentration in the converted biogas and the pH level in the reactor are the best stability parameters for the conditions at Käppala. Ammonia is the less efficient stability parameter since it did not predict or detect any instability during the experimental process. Furthermore, the OLR and HRT have a significant impact on the needed quantity for dewatering polymer. The higher digestion of organic material in the sludge, the bigger the need for the polymer to take care of the rest material
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