101 research outputs found
مکاتیبِ ندوی فضلا (سید سلیمان ندوی، سید ابوالحسن علی ندوی، مسعود عالم ندوی) بنام مولانا غلام رسول مہر
No full textThis article presents a selection (with annotations) of Maulana Ghulam Rasool Mehr's correspondence with Syed Sulaiman Nadvi, Syed Abu al-Hasan Ali Nadvi and Masood Alam Nadvi that took place while he was collecting material for Syed Ahmad Barelvi Shaheed's biography. These letters not only shed light on Mehr's quest for the facts but also on some important information about Syed Ahmad Shaheed's life
پاکستانی نثری طنزوظرافت: قیام پاکستان تا حال
No full text
Humour and satire is rather a new phenomenon in the history of Urdu Literature. However the quality of output in this short period has been such as is difficult to ignore. Resultantly, no historical account of the progress of Urdu literature deemed complete without the mention of humour and satire. The earliest feel of humour and satire in Urdu literature is witnessed in the literary works of Jafar Zatalli. Humour and satire, as a formal literary medium of expression, first makes its impact in 'Awadh Punch'. By the end of the 20th century, the tradition of humour and satire had become so deep-rooted and well recognized that the critics admitted that the writings of Mushtaq Ahmad Yousufi had helped Urdu prose to reach the pinnacle of its glory and perfection. This article briefly touches upon the tradition of humour and satire after 1947 to now.
خواجہ حسن نظامی کی طنزومزاح نگاری
No full textKhawja Hasan Nizami is a great essay writer of Urdu language. He is also known as a humourist of his own style. He has contributed to Urdu literature many of his writings. He is known by his book " Chutkian aur Gudgudian". This article presents an analytical and critical appreciation of Khawja Hasan Nizami's humour and satire. The article also sheds light on some of his techniques he employed in his humourous writings and characteristics of his humour and satire
A Stylistic Study of Mushtaq Ahmed Yousufi's Literary Corpus
No full textMushtaq Ahmed Yousufi stands as a towering figure in Urdu prose, elevating it to unparalleled heights of brilliance and sophistication. His works are a masterful blend of intellectual depth, self-reflection, and literary artistry, enriched by a distinctive style of humor—subtle yet profound, rooted in wit, wisdom, and philosophical insight. Yousufi’s prose transcends mere entertainment; it is a refined interplay of irony, linguistic elegance, and existential contemplation, making him a unique voice in Urdu literature. This article explores Yousufi’s unparalleled literary craftsmanship, shedding light on his authorial genius and the distinctive traits that define his oeuvre. Through critical analysis, it examines the stylistic nuances, rhetorical finesse, and thematic richness that characterize his writings. By delving into his use of satire, wordplay, and profound observation, the study illuminates how Yousufi redefined Urdu prose, leaving an indelible mark on its evolution. Ultimately, this exploration seeks to deepen the appreciation of his work, offering fresh insights into his enduring legacy as a literary virtuoso
PLoS One
Full text linkPakistan harbors high disease burden of gastro-enteric infections with majority of these caused by rotavirus. Unfortunately, lack of proper surveillance programs and laboratory facilities have resulted in scarcity of available data on rotavirus associated disease burden and epidemiological information in the country. We investigated 1306 stool samples collected over two years (2008-2009) from hospitalized children under 5 years of age for the presence of rotavirus strains and its genotypic diversity in Lahore. The prevalence rate during 2008 and 2009 was found to be 34% (n\u200a=\u200a447 out of 1306). No significant difference was found between different age groups positive for rotavirus (p>0.05). A subset of EIA positive samples was further screened for rotavirus RNA through RT-PCR and 44 (49.43%) samples, out of total 89 EIA positive samples, were found positive. G and P type prevalence was found as follows: G1P [4]\u200a=\u200a3(6.81%); G1P [6]\u200a=\u200a9(20.45%); G1P [8]\u200a=\u200a1(2.27%); G2P [4]\u200a=\u200a21(47.72%); G2P [8]\u200a=\u200a1(2.27%); G9P [4]\u200a=\u200a1(2.27%); G9P [6]\u200a=\u200a1(2.27%) and G9P [8]\u200a=\u200a7(15.90%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the VP7 and VP4 sequences clustered closely with the previously detected strains in the country as well as Belgian rotaviruses. Antigenic characterization was performed by analyzing major epitopes in the immunodominant VP7 and VP4 gene segments. Although the neutralization conferring motifs were found variable between the Pakistani strains and the two recommended vaccines strains (Rotarix\u2122 and RotaTeq\u2122), we validate the use of rotavirus vaccine in Pakistan based on the proven and recognized vaccine efficacy across the globe. Our findings constitute the first report on rotavirus' genotype diversity, their phylogenetic relatedness and epidemiology during the pre-vaccination era in Lahore, Pakistan and support the immediate introduction of rotavirus vaccine in the routine immunization program of the country.20131063
On-call emergency workload of a general surgical team
Full text linkABSTRACT Background: To examine the on-call emergency workload of a general surgical team at a tertiary care teaching hospital to guide planning and provision of better surgical services. Patients and Methods: During six months period from August to January 2007; all emergency calls attended by general surgical team of Surgical Unit II in Accident and Emergency department (A and E) and in other units of Civil, Hospital Karachi, Pakistan were prospectively recorded. Data recorded includes timing of call, diagnosis, operation performed and outcome apart from demography. Results: Total 456 patients (326 males and 130 females) were attended by on-call general surgery team during 30 emergency days. Most of the calls, 191 (41.9%) were received from 8 am to 5 pm. 224 (49.1%) calls were of abdominal pain, with acute appendicitis being the most common specific pathology in 41 (9.0%) patients. Total 73 (16.0%) calls were received for trauma. Total 131 (28.7%) patients were admitted in the surgical unit for urgent operation or observation while 212 (46.5%) patients were discharged from A and E. 92 (20.1%) patients were referred to other units with medical referral accounts for 45 (9.8%) patients. Total 104 (22.8%) emergency surgeries were done and the most common procedure performed was appendicectomy in 34 (32.7%) patients. Conclusion: Major workload of on-call surgical emergency team is dealing with the acute conditions of abdomen. However, significant proportion of patients are suffering from other conditions including trauma that require a holistic approach to care and a wide range of skills and experience. These results have important implications in future healthcare planning and for the better training of general surgical residents
Fertility transition in Pakistan: neglected dimensions and policy implications
No full textThis research addresses some of the neglected non-program dimensions related to stagnant fertility transition in Pakistan. Previous research identified a range of factors influencing fertility in Pakistan, particularly the effect of distortions in reported ages, fertility inhibiting variables, timing of first marriage and first birth, and birth intervals. The literature provides evidence that there is no systematic analysis of these dimensions particularly at the regional levels. This research addresses these dimensions by evaluating the fertility and reproductive health data in particular using the cross-sectional data from the 1990 and 2006 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, and 2000-01 Pakistan Reproductive Health and Family Planning Survey.Based on the application of relevant demographic and statistical techniques, the study demonstrates evidence of clear discrepancies in age reporting among married females across the seven geographic regions. This had influence on the estimated marital fertility rates which tend to be significantly higher when the reporting effects were adjusted. The analysis of fertility inhibiting factors reveals that timing of marriage and contraceptive use are crucial determinants associated with fertility reduction in Pakistan. By far, the strongest factor driving increase at first marriage in Pakistan is the level of female education which tends to vary significantly across different geographic regions. The analysis of the duration between marriage and first conception shows rather unexpected complex hazard functions with two peaks suggesting the behaviour of two different groups of women: those adhering to the traditional pattern in which conception take place soon after marriage; and those who postpone conception after marriage. Punjab, Baluchistan and urban regions are ahead of the fertility transition at the national level, confirming the effect of longer birth intervals. Based on the analysis of the proximate determinants framework, it can be concluded that Pakistan has entered the early third phase of the fertility transition. Urban Punjab and Baluchistan have also showed convergence to the third phase of the fertility transition. Breastfeeding and amenorrhea have emerged as significant determinants of birth interval duration.The results of this study highlight various areas for programme intervention and policy development. There is a dire need for a policy to improve the levels of female literacy and education especially in poorly developed regions which are in the second phase of fertility transition. A cost-effective intervention would be using mass media, for example radio broadcasting as the medium to disseminate reproductive health and family planning information. Pakistan needs specific policy interventions aimed at empowering girls with education for delaying marriage and encouraging contraceptive use. In formal education programmes, the syllabus should include the introduction to contraception, sexual health education as well as information on sexually transmitted diseases
Self-medication with antibiotics among non-medical university students of Karachi: a cross-sectional study
Full text linkBackground: The prevalence of self -medication with antibiotics is quite high in developing countries as opposed to developed countries. Antibiotics are often taken erroneously for certain ailments, without having the appropriate knowledge of their use. This carries potential risks for the individual as well as the community, in form of several side effects such as antibiotic resistance. Therefore the prevalence of self-medicated antibiotics in developing countries needs to be studied.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at six different non-medical universities of Karachi. 431 students were included in the study. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 19.Results: 50.1% students reported having self-medicated themselves in the past 6months and 205 (47.6%) reported self-medication with antibiotics. Amoxicillin was the most self-prescribed antibiotic (41.4%). Awareness of the adverse effects of antibiotics was demonstrated by 77.3% of the students and sleep disturbance was the most commonly known (46.5%) side effect. 63.1% denied having any knowledge about antibiotic resistance and only 19.9% correctly knew that indiscriminate use of antibiotics can lead to increased antibiotic resistance.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics among the non-medical university students was high despite the awareness of adverse effects. Antibiotic resistance was a relatively unknown terminology
Effect of chitosan on post-harvest shelf life of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.)
Full text linkPersimmon is a climacteric fruit and very perishable. Changes in several physiological attributes greatly affect its quality and market value. The current study was designed to assess the effect of chitosan solution (an edible coating material that can improve postharvest performance) on physico-chemical attributes of persimmon fruit during storage. Persimmon fruits were harvested, cleaned and then dipped in various chitosan concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) for 5, 10 and 15 min. The treated fruits were stored at 25–29°C, 55–70% RH for 28 days. Results indicated that fruits coated with 3% chitosan solution had maximum volume, firmness, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and minimum juice, TSS, pH, TSS/acid ratio, decay incidence and weight loss. Similarly, the performance was better in fruits dipped for 15 min. It was concluded that persimmon fruits dipped in 3% chitosan solution for 15 min could improve its postharvest performance when stored under ambient condition.Persimmon is a climacteric fruit and very perishable. Changes in several physiological attributes greatly affect its quality and market value. The current study was designed to assess the effect of chitosan solution (an edible coating material that can improve postharvest performance) on physico-chemical attributes of persimmon fruit during storage. Persimmon fruits were harvested, cleaned and then dipped in various chitosan concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) for 5, 10 and 15 min. The treated fruits were stored at 25–29°C, 55–70% RH for 28 days. Results indicated that fruits coated with 3% chitosan solution had maximum volume, firmness, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and minimum juice, TSS, pH, TSS/acid ratio, decay incidence and weight loss. Similarly, the performance was better in fruits dipped for 15 min. It was concluded that persimmon fruits dipped in 3% chitosan solution for 15 min could improve its postharvest performance when stored under ambient condition
Impact of Different Feature Engineering Techniques for Better Classification of Diverse Crops with Sentinel-2 Imagery
Full text linkObserving a large area of Earth\u27s surface using remote sensing has made our work very easy in order to monitor changes. This revolutionary tech can help us make big decisions on time. For this purpose, Sentinel-2 imagery is considered to be perfect since the imagery provided by this satellite is easily available https://scihub.copernicus.eu/ website. The European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Union (EU) have created the Copernicus Program, which includes the Sentinel-2 satellites that use onboard multispectral scanners to effectively monitor the Earth’s surface. This program has contributed significantly to the production of Sentinel-2 multispectral products, which provide high-resolution satellite data for monitoring land cover and use. The Sentinel-2 constellation is the second set of satellites in the ESA Sentinel missions, with the primary goal of land cover/use monitoring. Besides the availability of imagery, Sentinel-2 temporal resolution is 5 days, which helps in quick observation. In this manuscript, we have used different feature engineering techniques on our dataset in order to observe their performance and importance for better classification of diverse crops. We have achieved an overall accuracy of 99% after extracting important information from the dataset and applying a random forest and a gradient boosting classifier. The data set used for this research work was collected by surveying diverse crops in the region of Harichand, which is located North-South of Charsada District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The detailed Explanation of our Work and proposed methods is discussed in this article
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