30 research outputs found
Socio-economic determinants of household out-of-pocket payments on healthcare in Pakistan
No full textIn Pakistan, Out-of-pocket (OOP) payment on healthcare is 67% of total expenditure on healthcare. Analysis of determinants of OOP health expenditure is sparse, and this paper attempts to fill the research gap. Results show household non-food expenditure was the single highest significant predictor of household OOP health expenditure. Analysis confirms earlier findings that economic status and number of old aged members are significant positive predictors of OOP payments. This association can direct government where to enhance allocations to healthcare. The interaction between white collar professions and their economic status in predicting OOP payments is an area for further research
Modern Arabic literary biography : a study of character portrayal in the works of Egyptian biographers of the first half of the twentieth century, with special reference to literary biography
No full textIn Chapter one, I presented a comparative definition of the meaning of Sirah (PI.Siyar), Tarjamah (Pl. Tarajim), Manaqib, Tabaqat and Maghazi as they were understood in antiquity. I also showed how the meaning of Sirah in modern times has only narrowly developed. Although the method of biographical writing continuously developed in Europe, it hardly progressed in Modem Arabic Literature. The only exception was seen in the writings by the pioneers of enlightenment in Egypt at the beginning of the twentieth century. This change of direction relied on borrowing European methodology in biographical writing.
In chapter two, I reviewed the early attempts at writing biographies in the nineteenth century by Abd al Rahman al- Jabarti and Ali Mubarak. Although both were the first
pioneers in this respect, yet they followed the footpath of classical approach above all that of al-Maqarizi from whom -Ali Mubarak derived inspiration in his book Al-Khitat al-Tawfiqiyyah.
In chapter three, I studied the twentieth century, starting with traditional biography writers who could not employ European methodologies and whose writings oscillated between biographical notes and biographical sketches; or whose texts were more of a literary study than a biography proper.
In chapters four to nine, I selected the most renowned, productive writers who best represented methodologies of biography writing. Perhaps certain writers have not
been mentioned in this period of study. This is not out of negligence but simply because their texts were totally out of reach, or their writings did not exhibit the
required literary criteria.
All methodologies representing the theory of biography writing in Egypt have been analysed in these chapters. All, in fact, form a digestion or assimilation of French,English and German schools. In Egypt, Taha Husayn is considered the chairman of the French school, al-Mazini and al-Aqqad of the English/German schools, al-Nuwaihi of the psychoanalytical/anatomical school and Sidqi who employed both. By contrast, al Iryan was the trailblazer of the distinguished biographical novel.
In these chapters, I tried to lay out the general outlines these writers have produced in the production of biographical texts, and how these attempts were a successful step on the road of presenting literary biographies characterized by high world standards.
Chapter ten may well seem traditional, but it is important to give a comparative outlook on the views of biography writers themselves when they study and analyse
the same character.
Among the characters studied ,I selected Bashsliar, Abu Nuwas, Ibn al-Run-i, al-Mutanabbi and al-Maarri. These are outstanding landmarks in the history of Arab verse and the subject of a multitude of studies as well. Modern biographers took these figures as a test field for the deployment and employment of biographical methodologies. I selected these examples to provide comparisons and explain how far these biographies were successful in producing a biography or a profile of those classical poets.
The conclusion and the bibliographical list arrived at the end of research.
I wish, however, to clarify one important point here. It seems that I could not fix the year 1950 as the temporal parameter of my research but took some textswhich were
published shortly beyond that point. The reason for this obvious extension was either to give additional useful details or simply because chapters of such texts had already
been published prior to that year and were known to the readership.
At times I would satisfy myself with analysing the part rather than the whole. This again was meant to eschew repetition or was due to the fact that the book in question
was not available
Socio-economic determinants of household out-of-pocket payments on healthcare in Pakistan
No full textAbstract Background Out-of-pocket (OOP) payment on healthcare is dominant mode of financing in developing countries. In Pakistan it is 67% of total expenditure on healthcare. Analysis of determinants of OOP health expenditure is a key aspect of equity in healthcare financing. It helps to formulate an effective health policy. Evidence on OOP in Pakistan is sparse. This paper attempts to fill this research gap. Methods We estimated determinants of OOP payments on healthcare in Pakistan. We used data sets of Pakistan Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) and Pakistan Standard of Living Measurement (PSLM) Survey for the year 2004-05. We developed a multiple regression model for the determinants of OOP payments using methods of Ordinary Least Square (OLS). We mainly used social, economic, demographic and health variables in our analysis. Results Median household OOP healthcare in the year 2004-05 was Pakistani Rupees (PKR) 2500 (US$ 41.99) in 2004-05. Household non-food expenditure was the single highest significant predictor of household OOP health expenditure. Household features like literate head and spouse, at least one obstetric delivery in last three years, unsafe water, unhygienic toilet and household belonging to Khyber Pukhtonkhwa (KPK) province were significant positive predictors of OOP payments. Households with male head, bricks used in housing construction, household with at least one child and no elderly, and head of household in a white collar profession were negative predictors of OOP payments. Conclusion Our analysis confirms earlier findings that economic status and number of old aged members are significant positive predictors of OOP payments. This association can direct government to enhance allocations to healthcare and to include program focusing on non-communicable diseases. Our findings suggest further research to explore beneficiaries of government healthcare programs and determinants of high OOP payments by household residing in KPK province than other province. The interaction between white collar profession and their economic status in predicting OOP payments is also an area for further research.</p
Socio-economic determinants of out-of-pocket Payments on healthcare in Pakistan
No full textBACKGROUND:
Out-of-pocket (OOP) payment on healthcare is dominant mode of financing in developing countries. In Pakistan it is 67% of total expenditure on healthcare. Analysis of determinants of OOP health expenditure is a key aspect of equity in healthcare financing. It helps to formulate an effective health policy. Evidence on OOP in Pakistan is sparse. This paper attempts to fill this research gap. METHODS:
We estimated determinants of OOP payments on healthcare in Pakistan. We used data sets of Pakistan Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) and Pakistan Standard of Living Measurement (PSLM) Survey for the year 2004-05. We developed a multiple regression model for the determinants of OOP payments using methods of Ordinary Least Square (OLS). We mainly used social, economic, demographic and health variables in our analysis. RESULTS:
Median household OOP healthcare in the year 2004-05 was Pakistani Rupees (PKR) 2500 (US$ 41.99) in 2004-05. Household non-food expenditure was the single highest significant predictor of household OOP health expenditure. Household features like literate head and spouse, at least one obstetric delivery in last three years, unsafe water, unhygienic toilet and household belonging to Khyber Pukhtonkhwa (KPK) province were significant positive predictors of OOP payments. Households with male head, bricks used in housing construction, household with at least one child and no elderly, and head of household in a white collar profession were negative predictors of OOP payments. CONCLUSION:
Our analysis confirms earlier findings that economic status and number of old aged members are significant positive predictors of OOP payments. This association can direct government to enhance allocations to healthcare and to include program focusing on non-communicable diseases. Our findings suggest further research to explore beneficiaries of government healthcare programs and determinants of high OOP payments by household residing in KPK province than other province. The interaction between white collar profession and their economic status in predicting OOP payments is also an area for further research
ANALISIS VARIABEL YANG MEMPENGARUHI JUMLAH PENGANGGURAN TERDIDIK DI INDONESIA
No full textThe growth of a large population is not matched by the spread evenly and lack of labor market led to a reduction in the chance of getting a job. This leads to insecurity and did not rule out the emergence of crime. Besides the prolonged economic crisis also worsened the problems facing the government in developing the field of employment. Unemployment in Indonesia experienced by almost the whole of society with different strata of each level of education. The problem in this research is how economic factors affect the level of unemployment in Indonesia. In addition, factors that influence the success of one's education in obtaining a job or not getting work is a phenomenon in society in Indonesia later by the authors defined as a formulation problem in this study. This study uses several variables that allow in this study include level of education, age of the workforce, as well as economic factors were then analyzed quantitatively. Data analysis tool in this study with correlation used by the author as a step to address the problem in this study. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect the educated unemployment in Indonesia. The benefits of this research that this study are expected to provide a good education in general and specifically in economics about the factors affecting unemployment in Indonesia, especially in Kalanga educated. In addition this study is expected to be a reference for further research and as a reference to the central government and regency / municipal government in determining policies for many people to Indonesia more dignified, advanced, and prosperous. Keywords: Population, Employment, UnemploymentJEL Classification: J62, J6
Arabic printing in Malta 1825-1845 : Its history and its place in the development of print culture in the Arab Middle East.
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D174840 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Analisis Variabel Yang Mempengaruhi Jumlah Pengangguran Terdidik Di Indonesia
No full textThe growth of a large population is not matched by the spread evenly and lack of labor market led to a reduction in the chance of getting a job. This leads to insecurity and did not rule out the emergence of crime. Besides the prolonged economic crisis also worsened the problems facing the government in developing the field of employment. Unemployment in Indonesia experienced by almost the whole of society with different strata of each level of education. The problem in this research is how economic factors affect the level of unemployment in Indonesia. In addition, factors that influence the success of one's education in obtaining a job or not getting work is a phenomenon in society in Indonesia later by the authors defined as a formulation problem in this study. This study uses several variables that allow in this study include level of education, age of the workforce, as well as economic factors were then analyzed quantitatively. Data analysis tool in this study with correlation used by the author as a step to address the problem in this study. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect the educated unemployment in Indonesia. The benefits of this research that this study are expected to provide a good education in general and specifically in economics about the factors affecting unemployment in Indonesia, especially in Kalanga educated. In addition this study is expected to be a reference for further research and as a reference to the central government and regency / municipal government in determining policies for many people to Indonesia more dignified, advanced, and prosperous
Studi Living Qur’an: Pembacaan Surah Al-Insyirah Amaliyah Khususiyah Jama’ah Al-Khidmah Pakunden Sukorejo Blitar
No full textAbstractAl-Insyirah surah reading in Amaliyah Al-Anwar Al-Khususiyah Al-Khotmiyah by the Al-Khidmah congregation, Sukorejo District, Blitar City. This amaliyah routine activity is carried out every Thursday Ba'dha Ashar at the Ar-Rohmah Pakunden Mosque, Blitar City. Amaliyah specifically is one of the amaliyah entered by Thoriqoh Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah. In this practice, Surah Al-Insyirah is chosen as one of the chapters of choice between dhikr because many people find it useful in everyday life. The type used in this research is field research, the nature of this type of research is of course investigating data from the field, using the Karl Menheim theory of meaning approach. After the author conducts research, it can be revealed that the recitation of the QS Al-Insyirah in special amaliyah has an attraction because it is read 79 times in a miracle or together when the routine begins to ask for protection from Allah SWT when facing serious problems become minor and complex ones become easy. This Surah clearly states that behind all difficulties there will be a way. So from that in this amaliyah surah Al-Insyirah seems to be a dhikr and a constant reading when asking for something from the creator. AbstrakPembacaan surah Al-Insyirah dalam Amaliyah Al-Anwar Al-Khususiyah Al-Khotmiyah oleh jama’ah Al-Khidmah sebagai kegiatan rutinan amaliyah ini dilaksanakan setiap hari kamis ba’dha Ashar. Amaliyah khususy adalah salah satu amaliyah yang diajarkan oleh Thoriqoh Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah. Dalam amaliyah ini memilih surah Al-Insyirah sebagai salah satu surah pilihan di sela-sela dzikir karena banyak orang yang merasakan manfaatnya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini yaitu field research, sifat dari jenis penelitian ini tentu saja dengan menggali data dari lapangan, dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori makna Karl Menheim. Setelah penulis mengadakan penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembacaan Q.S Al-Insyirah dalam amaliyah khususy mempunyai daya tarik tersendiri karena dibaca 79 kali secara bermajlis atau bersama-sama ketika rutinan tersebut dimulai guna memohon perlindungan dari Allah SWT manakala menghadapi masalah yang berat menjadi ringan dan yang rumit menjadi mudah. Surah ini memang menyebut dengan tegas bahwa dibalik semua kesulitan pasti akan ada jalan. Maka dari itu dalam amaliyah ini surah Al-Insyirah seolah-olah menjadi dzikir dan bacaan tetap ketika memohon sesuatu kepada sang pencipta. Kata Kunci: Amaliyah Al-Anwar Al-Khususiyah Al-Khotmiyah; Jam’iyah Al-Khidmah Pakunden Kota Blitar; QS. Al-Insyirah.AbstractAl-Insyirah surah reading in Amaliyah Al-Anwar Al-Khususiyah Al-Khotmiyah by the Al-Khidmah congregation, Sukorejo District, Blitar City. This amaliyah routine activity is carried out every Thursday Ba'dha Ashar at the Ar-Rohmah Pakunden Mosque, Blitar City. Amaliyah specifically is one of the amaliyah entered by Thoriqoh Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah. In this practice, Surah Al-Insyirah is chosen as one of the chapters of choice between dhikr because many people find it useful in everyday life. The type used in this research is field research, the nature of this type of research is of course investigating data from the field, using the Karl Menheim theory of meaning approach. After the author conducts research, it can be revealed that the recitation of the QS Al-Insyirah in special amaliyah has an attraction because it is read 79 times in a miracle or together when the routine begins to ask for protection from Allah SWT when facing serious problems become minor and complex ones become easy. This Surah clearly states that behind all difficulties there will be a way. So from that in this amaliyah surah Al-Insyirah seems to be a dhikr and a constant reading when asking for something from the creator. AbstrakPembacaan surah Al-Insyirah dalam Amaliyah Al-Anwar Al-Khususiyah Al-Khotmiyah oleh jama’ah Al-Khidmah sebagai kegiatan rutinan amaliyah ini dilaksanakan setiap hari kamis ba’dha Ashar. Amaliyah khususy adalah salah satu amaliyah yang diajarkan oleh Thoriqoh Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah. Dalam amaliyah ini memilih surah Al-Insyirah sebagai salah satu surah pilihan di sela-sela dzikir karena banyak orang yang merasakan manfaatnya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini yaitu field research, sifat dari jenis penelitian ini tentu saja dengan menggali data dari lapangan, dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori makna Karl Menheim. Setelah penulis mengadakan penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembacaan Q.S Al-Insyirah dalam amaliyah khususy mempunyai daya tarik tersendiri karena dibaca 79 kali secara bermajlis atau bersama-sama ketika rutinan tersebut dimulai guna memohon perlindungan dari Allah SWT manakala menghadapi masalah yang berat menjadi ringan dan yang rumit menjadi mudah. Surah ini memang menyebut dengan tegas bahwa dibalik semua kesulitan pasti akan ada jalan. Maka dari itu dalam amaliyah ini surah Al-Insyirah seolah-olah menjadi dzikir dan bacaan tetap ketika memohon sesuatu kepada sang pencipta. Kata Kunci:Q.S Al-Insyirah, amaliyah Al-Anwar Al-Khususiyah Al-Khotmiyah, jam’iyah Al-Khidmah Pakunden Kota Blitar
