325,045 research outputs found
Detailed Description of Verbal –s Marking in Child AAE and SWE (Cleveland & Oetting, 2013)
No full textPurpose: Children’s marking of verbal –s was examined by their dialect (African American English [AAE] vs. Southern White English [SWE]) and clinical status (specific language impairment [SLI] vs. typically developing [TD]) and as a function of 4 linguistic variables (verb regularity, negation, expression of a habitual activity, and expression of historical present tense).Method: The data were language samples from 57 six-year-olds who varied by their dialect and clinical status (AAE: SLI = 14, TD = 12; SWE: SLI = 12, TD = 19).Results: The AAE groups produced lower rates of marking than did the SWE groups, and the SWE SLI group produced lower rates of marking than did the SWE TD group. Although low numbers of verb contexts made it difficult to evaluate the linguistic variables, there was evidence of their influence, especially for verb regularity and negation. The direction and magnitude of the effects were often (but not always) consistent with what has been described in the adult dialect literature.Conclusion: Verbal –s can be used to help distinguish children with and without SLI in SWE but not in AAE. Clinicians can apply these findings to other varieties of AAE and SWE and other dialects by considering rates of marking and the effects of linguistic variables on marking.</div
Development of a short-form Swedish version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (s-MoCA-SWE): Protocol for a cross-sectional study
No full textIntroduction: Short forms of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) have allowed quick cognitive screening. However, none of the available short forms has been created or validated in a Swedish sample of patients with stroke. The aim is to develop a short-form Swedish version of the MoCA (s-MoCA-SWE) in a sample of patients with acute and subacute stroke. The specific objectives are: (1) to identify a subgroup of MoCA items that have the potential to form the s-MoCA-SWE; (2) to determine the optimal cut-off value of s-MoCA-SWE for predicting cognitive impairment and (3) and to compare the psychometric properties of s-MoCA-SWE with those of previously developed MoCA short forms. Methods and analysis: This is a statistical analysis protocol for a cross-sectional study. The study sample will comprise patients from Väststroke, a local stroke registry from Gothenburg, Sweden and Efficacy oF Fluoxetine - a randomisEd Controlled Trial in Stroke (EFFECTS), a randomised controlled trial in Sweden. The s-MoCA-SWE will be developed by using exploratory factor analysis and the boosted regression tree algorithm. The cut-off value of s-MoCA-SWE for impaired cognition will be determined based on binary logistic regression analysis. The psychometric properties of s-MoCA-SWE will be compared with those of other MoCA short forms by using cross-tabulation and area under the receiving operating characteristic curve analyses. Ethics and dissemination: The Väststroke study has received ethical approval from the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg (346-16) and the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (amendment 2019-04299). The handling of data generated within the framework of quality registers does not require written informed consent from patients. The EFFECTS study has received ethical approval from the Stockholm Ethics Committee (2013/1265-31/2 on 30 September 2013). All participants provided written consent. Results will be published in an international, peer-reviewed journal, presented at conferences and communicated to clinical practitioners in local meetings and seminars
SWE-Bench+: Enhanced Coding Benchmark for LLMs
No full textLarge Language Models (LLMs) in Software Engineering (SE) can offer valuable assistance for coding tasks. To facilitate a rigorous evaluation of LLMs in practical coding contexts, Carlos et al. introduced the SWE-bench dataset, which comprises 2,294 real-world GitHub issues. Several impressive LLM-based toolkits have recently been developed and evaluated on this dataset. However, a systematic evaluation of the quality of SWE-bench remains missing.
In this thesis, we address this gap by presenting an empirical analysis of the SWE-bench dataset. We manually screen instances where SWE-Agent + GPT-4 successfully resolved the issues by comparing model-generated patches with developer-written pull requests.
Our analysis reveals two critical issues: (1) 33.47% of patches have solution leakage, where the fix is directly or indirectly revealed in the issue report or comments; and (2) 24.70% of successful patches are suspicious due to weak test cases that fail to detect incorrect, incomplete, or irrelevant fixes. Filtering out these problematic instances drops SWE-Agent + GPT-4’s resolution rate from 12.47% to 4.58%.
Motivated by these findings, we propose SWE-Bench+, a refined version of the benchmark using two LLM-based tools: SoluLeakDetector to identify solution-leak issues and TestEnhancer to reduce weak test cases. SWE-Bench+ identifies solution-leak issues with 86% accuracy and reduces suspicious patches by 19%.
To reduce the risk of potential data leakage, we collect a new set of post-cutoff GitHub issues. We then evaluate models on this dataset, observing a consistent performance drop across all models. This highlights the impact of solution leakage and weak tests in inflating resolution rates in current benchmarks
The churn among firms
No full textCapitalism ; Competition ; Consumers ; Consumption (Economics) ; Corporations ; Cost and standard of living ; Business enterprises ; Productivity
2D-SWE of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint Capsule in Horses
No full text(1) Two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) employs an ultrasound impulse to produce transversely oriented shear waves, which travel through the surrounding tissue according to the stiffness of the tissue itself. The study aimed to assess the reliability of 2D-SWE for evaluating the elastosonographic appearance of the distal attachment of the fetlock joint capsule (DJC) in sound horses and in horses with osteoarthritis (OA) (2). According to a thorough evaluation of metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ), adult horses were divided in a sound Group (H) and in OA Group (P). Thereafter, a 2D-SWE of MCPJs was performed. Shear wave velocity (m/sec) and Young’s modulus (kPa) were calculated independently by two operators at each selected ROI. Statistical analysis was performed with R software. (3) Results: 2D-SWE had good–excellent inter-CC and intra-CC in both groups. Differences in m/s and kPa between Groups H and P were found in transverse scans with lower values in Group P. No correlation with age or DJC thickness was found. (4) Conclusions: 2D-SWE was repeatable and reproducible. In Group H, DJC was statistically stiffer than in Group P only in transverse scan. The technique showed poor sensitivity and specificity in differentiating fetlocks affected by OA
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Scherwellen-Elastographie (SWE): Gewebehärte-Referenzwerte für Achilles- und Patellarsehnen in der Normalbevölkerung
No full textShear wave elastography (SWE) has been shown to be a promising diagnostic tool in the field of orthopaedics. It is well known, that symptomatic Achilles or patellar tendons are significantly softer than healthy ones. Furthermore, current studies have shown a strong correlation between SWE-values and patients’ symptoms in case of tendinopathy and especially a significant increase of SWE-values during tendon healing under therapy. Most of these previous studies evaluated symptomatic patients and compared symptomatic to asymptomatic tendons intra-individually. Therefore, up to now little is known about absolute reference values in healthy, asymptomatic people. The present study deals with SWE for the assessment of Achilles and patellar tendon rigidity in an asymptomatic mixed population group aged 20 to 79 years. Beside the asymptomatic condition more data was collected to identify possible correlations, influences and confounders on tissue rigidity. Overall 94 subjects and 188 Achilles and patellar tendons were sonographically examined following a determined algorithm using SWE on both sides in three tendon portions (proximal/ mid-portion/ distal). A mean value of 6,50+/-1,03 m/s (n=188) was found for Achilles tendon and 4,15+/-0,70 m/s (n=140) for patellar tendon. A weak but statistically significant positive correlation could be shown between sportive activity and SWE-values of the Achilles tendon (r=0,21; p<0,05). A negative correlation was revealed for the body weight (r=-0,21; p<0,05). Patients with a known foot deformity had a significantly lower SWE-value of the Achilles tendon compared to patients without a foot deformity (5,99+/-0,87 m/s resp. 6,61+/-1,04 m/s; p=0,02). No correlation was found between footedness and SWE-values. This result is of special clinical importance, because a direct intra-individual comparison becomes feasible. The groups of subjects with lifestyle-parameters like “veganism“ or “pre-existing medication“ were too small or too heterogenic to observe statistically relevant correlations. Further studies are necessary in this regard
On models and standards of processes in SE, SwE and IT&S disciplines:toward a comparative framework using the systems approach
No full textThe general aim of Systems Engineering (SE) and Software Engineering (SwE) is the
definition, development and deployment of large-scale cost-effective and trustworthy
integrated systems and software-intensive systems respectively. In pursuit of this aim,
both disciplines have generated models and standards of processes to guide and control
the engineering and managerial activities involved in the creation of such systems.
Furthermore, the increasing complexity of software-intensive systems has fostered the
interdisciplinary research between SwE and SE disciplines toward a joint Systems
Software Engineering (SSwE). In turn, the Information Technology and Systems (IT&S)
field, focused mainly in the management and evaluation of IT-intensive systems, is
highly dependent on the engineering activities conducted in SwE and SE fields. Despite this linkage, IT&S has generated its own set of models and standards of processes and not explored the conceptual relationship with the SwE and SE models and standards. This paper is concerned with the integration of SE and SwE to cope with complex softwareintensive systems and explores the premise of that the incorporation of a SE-based philosophy and principles in the engineering and management of large-scale and complex IT-systems can enhance these processes. This paper first establishes the relationship between the concepts of process, system and service from a Systems Approach perspective and then develops a conceptual framework -also founded in the Systems Approach- to compare the main models and standards of processes internationally
reported for the SE, SwE and IS disciplines. Despite the resultant strategic and nondetailed perspective used through a Systems Approach, we claim this framework
provides the methodological bases for increasing the mutual understanding of these
models and standards between the practitioners and researchers of the three disciplines. This paper concludes with recommendations for refining the framework and continuing this research
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sharing Human-Generated Observations by Integrating HMI and the Semantic Sensor Web
No full textCurrent “Internet of Things” concepts point to a future where connected objects gather meaningful information about their environment and share it with other objects and people. In particular, objects embedding Human Machine Interaction (HMI), such as mobile devices and, increasingly, connected vehicles, home appliances, urban interactive infrastructures, etc., may not only be conceived as sources of sensor information, but, through interaction with their users, they can also produce highly valuable context-aware human-generated observations. We believe that the great promise offered by combining and sharing all of the different sources of information available can be realized through the integration of HMI and Semantic Sensor Web technologies. This paper presents a technological framework that harmonizes two of the most influential HMI and Sensor Web initiatives: the W3C’s Multimodal Architecture and Interfaces (MMI) and the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) with its semantic extension, respectively. Although the proposed framework is general enough to be applied in a variety of connected objects integrating HMI, a particular development is presented for a connected car scenario where drivers’ observations about the traffic or their environment are shared across the Semantic Sensor Web. For implementation and evaluation purposes an on-board OSGi (Open Services Gateway Initiative) architecture was built, integrating several available HMI, Sensor Web and Semantic Web technologies. A technical performance test and a conceptual validation of the scenario with potential users are reported, with results suggesting the approach is soun
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