8 research outputs found
Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to fuels in microreactors: a review of set-ups and value-added chemicals production
Get PDFClimate change, the greenhouse effect and fossil fuel extraction have gained a growing interest in research and industrial circles to provide alternative chemicals and fuel synthesis technologies. Carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation to value-added chemicals using hydrogen (H2) from renewable power (solar, wind) offers a unique solution. From this aspect this review describes the various products, namely methane (C1), methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether (DME) and hydrocarbons (HCs) originating via CO2 hydrogenation reaction. In addition, conventional reactor units for the CO2 hydrogenation process are explained, as well as different types of microreactors with key pathways to determine catalyst activity and selectivity of the value-added chemicals. Finally, limitations between conventional units and microreactors and future directions for CO2 hydrogenation are detailed and discussed. The benefits of such set-ups in providing platforms that could be utilized in the future for major scale-up and industrial operation are also emphasized
Auswirkungen politischer Entscheidungen auf die Qualität frühpädagogischer Bildungseinrichtungen am Beispiel des Gesetzentwurfs zur Einführung des Betreuungsgeldes
Get PDFIn der teilweise sehr hitzig geführten Debatte um die Einführung des Betreuungsgeldes werden neben soziokulturellen und sozioökonomischen Aspekten wie der Gender-, Bildungs- und Chancengerechtigkeit und der Frauenerwerbsquote, wichtige und grundlegende frühpädagogische Themen wie jenes der frühen Bildung, der Bindungstheorie und der Wirksamkeit pädagogischer Erziehungsformen tangiert. Die in diesem Sinne ebenfalls wichtige und zentrale Fragestellung zur Qualität der U3-Einrichtungen (Einrichtungen für Kinder unter drei Jahren) spielt in der Diskussion allenfalls eine untergeordnete Rolle. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden diese Themen hinsichtlich der Einführung des Betreuungsgeldes im Rahmen eines Vergleichs vorliegender Studien und wissenschaftlich gesicherter Grundlagen untersucht. Es kann dabei gezeigt werden, dass die politische Diskussion aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht teils auf unrichtigen und fragmentierten, weil überholten Annahmen beruht, und die Einführung des Betreuungsgeldes ausgehend von nationalen und internationalen Erfahrungen nicht nur sozioökonomische und bildungspolitische negative Auswirkungen haben wird, sondern sich aufgrund genau dieser Auswirkungen in einer interaktionistischen und ko-konstrukivistischen Perspektive auch negativ auf die Qualität der bestehenden U3-Einrichtungen auswirken kann, die ohnehin im Kreuzfeuer der Kritik steht. Eine hohe Qualität dieser Einrichtungen ist daher eine der wichtigsten Herausforderungen der Frühpädagogik. Darüber hinaus sollte das teilweise aus ideologischen Gründen sich abzeichnende Schisma zwischen elterlicher und institutioneller Erziehung überwunden werden, um eine neue Konzeption einer komplementären gemeinsamen Erziehung zu entwickeln. (DIPF/Autor)The partially heated up debate about the introduction of the “child care subsidy” affects beside sociocultural and socioeconomical aspects like gender equality and equal opportunities for everyone, also important and fundamental topics of the early childhood pedagogics like the early education, the theory of emotional attachment and the virtue of pedagogical education forms. In this spirit the question about the quality of U3-facilities (facilities for toddlers) is both important and central, too. However it plays a rather inferior role within the public and academic discussion. This paper reviews these topics with regard to the introduction of the “child care subsidy” within the framework of available studies and science-based principals and shows in doing so that the political discussion, from an academic point of view, relies on incorrect and fragmented, since obsolete assumptions. The introduction of the “child care subsidy” will not only have negative effects on socioeconomics and educational policy but will also negatively influence, in an interacting and co-constructivist way, the quality of existing U3-facilities, which already comes under severe criticism. A high quality of those facilities is one of the most important challenges in early years education. Furthermore should the, partially due to ideological reasons, emerging schism between parental and institutional education be negotiated, to develop a new concept of a combined a complementary education. (DIPD/author
When the endometrioid adenocarcinoma and the endometrial stromal sarcoma meet: A report of an extremely rare case
No full textIntroduction: Collision tumors are characterized by the coexistence of two adjacent, but histologically distinct tumors. This entity can occur between tumors originating from the same organ or between metastases from other sites. Case presentation: A 49-year-old postmenopausal female with abnormal vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain was diagnosed with two coexistent tumors, a grade 1 endometrioid carcinoma and a pT2 undifferentiated stromal sarcoma (USS). On the first time, the patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy and one month later, she was diagnosed with recurrence. Then, a second surgical excision of the recurrent tumor was performed including exploratory laparotomy and anterior pelvic exenteration. She had an uneventful postoperative period, but unfortunately a month following the second operation she passed away. Conclusion: We aim to raise awareness of these rare synchronous malignancies and highlight the importance of having a broad differential diagnosis in a patient presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Further studies with larger patient populations are needed to shed light in etiology and pathogenesis of the concurrence of two malignancies with different embryological origin in the same organ, in order to optimize management of these patients. © 2022 The Author(s
Biosynthesise, Characterization and Antibacterial activity of Silver nanoparticles by Soil fungi Pencillium sps.
Get PDFMicrobial synthesis of nanoparticles is an eco-friendly green chemistry approach that correlates with nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology. Exposure of fungal biomass to aqueous 1Mm AgNO3 solution resulted in the reduction of the metal ions by the nitrate reductase enzyme present in the cell wall membranes and formation of silver nanoparticles. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM, TEM and FTIR analysis. The synthesed silver nanoparticles were exhibited an excellent antibacterial activities against both Gram negative and Gram positive pathogenic bacterial strains which causes the diseases in human being
Orthotylus (Pinocapsus) kmenti Cerci & Kocak 2021, sp. n.
No full textOrthotylus (Pinocapsus) kmenti Çerçi & Koçak sp. n. (Fig 7–9) Material examined: HOLOTYPE: 1 ♂, Turkey: Karaman, Sertavul Geçidi, 25.06.2019, B. Çerçi leg. & det., glued on a cardboard with the male genitalia glued on the same cardboard, labels as follows: “ Orthotylus (Pinocapsus) kmenti sp. n. / B. Çerçi det. 2019/ Karaman, Sertavul Geçidi, 25.06.2019 [white printed label]” (LEMT). COLLECTING CIRCUMSTANCES: The holotype was collected with light trap at the altitude of 1800 m. ETYMOLOGY: The new species is named after Petr Kment, who is a specialist of Heteropteran taxonomy, with a particular interest in systematics of Pentatomoidea. He never spares the smallest chance of helping his colleagues, and the first author is very thankful to him for his endless help, for which reason we are very happy to name this new species after him. DIAGNOSIS: Size small, 3.0 mm. General coloration black, immaculate. Setae covering dorsum uniform, long, thick, black and erected. Antennae light brown, immaculate. Head vertical, ocular index 1.9, eyes entirely outside anterior margin of pronotum. Pronotum strongly trapezoid, posterior margin 3.4× as wide as anterior margin, 0.4× as long as width of posterior margin. Hemelytra subparallel sided. Legs yellow coloured. Right paramere with two processes, one of which apically serrate, body of left paramere broad, rectangular, with three processes, one of apical processes serrate. Vesical sclerites unequal in size, one is shorter and stick-like, other one is longer and thicker, bent sideward apically and with two longitudinal sulci preapically. Description of male (Fig. 8): COLORATION: General coloration black, immaculate. Antennae light brown coloured, third and fourth segments only slightly paled. Head black and shiny, along posterior margin slightly embrowned. Pronotum and scutellum unicolorously black and shiny. Hemelytra black, immaculate. Membrane fuscous, veins dark coloured. Legs pale coloured. Abdomen unicolorously black coloured. VESTITURE: General vestiture simple, long, black and erected. First antennal segment covered with thick, black and semi-erected setae, second antennal segment with short, black and semi-erected setae and short, pale and adpressed setae, third and fourth segment covered with adpressed and semi-erected pale setae, semi-erected ones longer than the adpressed ones. Head covered with long, thick and black setae. Pronotum with long, thick and black erected and semi-erected setae. Hemelytra covered with long, thick and black erected or semi-erected setae. Tibiae covered with short and black adpressed setae and with thick black spines that do not arise from black dots. STRUCTURE: Size 3 mm. Oblong oval, 3.3× as long as width of posterior margin of pronotum. Antennae medium sized, 0.55× as long as the total length, first antennal segment 0.7× as long as width of vertex, second antennal segment 3.4× as long as the first one, 0.8× as long as width of posterior margin of pronotum and as long as width of diatone, third antennal segment 0.7× as long as second antennal segment and 1.8× as long as fourth segment. Head vertical, 2.3× as wide as long, ocular index 1.9, eyes entirely outside anterior margin of the pronotum. Pronotum strongly trapezoid, posterior margin 3.4× as wide as anterior margin, 0.4× as long as width of posterior margin. Hemelytra almost parallel sided, only vaguely narrowing towards distal. Legs short, posterior femur 0.5× as long as posterior tibia and posterior tibia 1.4× as long as posterior margin of pronotum. Posterior margin of pygophore wave like with two depressions and protrusion between them, vesica with two sclerotized processes, one thin and simple, other one thick and complicated, twisted preapically, two sulci along this twist, and bent apically towards its side (Figs. 9G–J). Left paramere with basal process and two apical processes, one apical processes serrate, other one bare (Figs. 9A–C). Right paramere with broad disc, basal process and distal process, distal one apically serrate and strongly bent inwards, basal one simple (Figs. 9D–F). Possible additional specimen: Figure 7 shows a specimen of Orthotylus that was found together with O. (P.) kmenti Çerçi & Koçak sp. n. Since we were not able to collect this specimen, its identity remains speculative. We believe that this specimen belongs to the new species described here, due to its very similar structure, uniform black setae and immaculate dorsum. The obvious colour difference between this specimen and the holotype of O. (P.) kmenti Çerçi & Koçak sp. n. is interesting and rises thoughts whether it is a teneral specimen or a colour variation. Still, it is worth mentioning that yellowish tinge is already known in some species of the subgenus Pinocapsus (S. Pagola-Carte pers. comm.). DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: The new species is included in the subgenus Pinocapsus Southwood, 1953 because of the close resemblance of the paramere shape of the other known species of this subgenus, especially to O. (P.) thaleia Linnavuori, 1999 and O. (P.) olympicus Matocq, Pagola-Carte & Pluot-Sigwalt, 2018, and the presence of two simple, unbranched and unarmed sclerotized processes of vesica. This subgenus consists of 8 species, of which 6 species are known to occur in the Western Palaearctic Region (Aukema 2020). Among other species, the new species is most similar to O. (P.) olympicus with respect to darker coloration and somewhat similar structure of parameres, but the new species differs from this species by smaller size (males 5.2–5.6 mm in olympicus), general coloration darker (greyish in olympicus), vestiture uniform (double pubescence in olympicus), right paramere with two processes (three in olympicus), body of left paramere broad (slender in olympicus) and dissimilar sclerotized processes of vesica (Fig. 17) (Matocq et al. 2018). The new species can also be confused with Orthotylus (P.) thaleia and O. (P.) fuscescens (Kirshbaum, 1856) because of their olive-green coloration tending to grey but it also differs from these species by smaller size, black coloration, simple black vestiture and dissimilar vesical processes (Wagner 1974, Linnavuori 1999). Although O. (P.) cupressi Reuter, 1883 is quite a different species, it is necessary to mention differences between the new species and O. (P.) cupressi as it was widely recorded from Turkey (Önder et al. 2006). The new species differs from O. (P.) cupressi by smaller size (3.3–3.9 mm in cupressi), different coloration (green in cupressi), black vestiture (pale in cupressi) and dissimilar male genitalia (Figs. 11, 20–21 for cupressi). The new species differs from rest of the known species of its subgenus distributing in Western Mediterranean [O. (P.) gemmae Gessé & Goula, 2003 and O. (P.) callistris Lindberg, 1940) and Central Asia [O. (P.) alashanensis Tian & Nonnaizab, 1999 and O. (P.) sabinae Tian & Nonnaizab, 1999) by small size, uniform black vestiture, general coloration black and the unique shape of parameres and vesical processes (Figs. 10–33). Table 2 summarizes differential diagnostic features between East Mediterranean species of Orthotylus (Pinocapsus) and the new species.Published as part of Çerçý, Bariş, Gorczyca, Jacek & Koçak, Özgür, 2021, Description of New Miridae and Tingidae Species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and New Records from Southern Turkey, pp. 312-332 in Zootaxa 4949 (2) on pages 319-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/463642
Bifaciomiris Kim & Park & Jung 2020, gen. nov.
No full textBifaciomiris Kim & Jung, gen. nov. Diagnosis: Differs from most genera of Mirini by the following combination of characters: relatively small size (<4 mm); head two-colored with pale brown frons and entirely dark brown clypeus, mandibular plate and maxillary plate; vertex with shallow longitudinal sulcus and shallow carina posteriorly; frons glossy, covered with sparse golden setation; single compound eye narrower than vertex width, suture delimiting mandibular and maxillary plate not reaching inferior margin of eye; second antennal segment entirely dark, fourth antennal segment longer than third segment; labrum shorter than 1/2 first labial segment; apex of labium exceeding hind coxae, basal part of first labial segment dark brown; pronotum entirely yellowish brown with reflection of dark coloration under pronotum, with weak punctuations; scutellum entirely dark brown and flattened, dark coloration reaching to dark inner part of clavus, with weak punctuations; dark patterns in postero-lateral part and in posterior part of corium, patterns connecting each other; cuneus with dark marking in anterior part; tibial spines dark, without dark spots at bases (Figs. 1 A–G), left paramere with medially curved apex of hypophysis and protuberant sensory lobe, sensory lobe dentate (Figs. 2A, 3A); hypophysis of right paramere medially curved, apically tapering (Figs. 2B, 3B); endosoma mostly sclerotized, membranous reduced, with five to six sclerites and one scythe-shaped spicule (Figs. 2 C–D, 3C–E); and sclerotized rings of dorsal labiate plate large, almost adjoining to each other; not surpassing interramal lobe to interramal sclerites, medially projected interramal lobe, rounded lateral lobe positioned on interramal lobe in posterior wall (Figs. 2 E–G, 3F–H). Description: Body oval, relatively small in size being around 3.0– 3.5 mm, glossy, covered with tiny punctures. COLORATION: almost brownish with dark markings. Head: two-colored, frons pale brown, clypeus, mandibular and maxillary plates dark brown; antennae mostly brown, first segment almost pale brown, second segment entirely dark brown. Thorax: pronotum pale brown with reflection of dark coloration under pronotum; scutellum entirely dark brown; hemelytra mostly yellowish brown with dark patterns in posterior part; inner part of clavus dark brown; corium with dark markings in postero-lateral part and in middle of posterior part; inner part of cuneus dark brown, apex of cuneus dark brown; legs yellowish pale brown, femur with darker rings subapically. Abdomen: entirely dark brown. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: body glossy, covered with long setae; head covered with long setae; antennal segment with densely short setae; pronotum with tiny punctures and short setae; scutellum with tiny punctures, covered with setae; hemelytra with both long and short setae, with dense punctures; legs with dense setae; tibia with spines and erect setae. STRUCTURE: Head: hypognathous, width longer than length of head; carina shallow posteriorly; vertex with shallow sulcus, shorter than first antennal segment length; compound eye narrower than vertex, suture delimiting mandibular and maxillary plate not reaching inferior margin of compound eye; antennae cylindrical; first and second segments thicker than others; first segment shorter than head width; second segment slightly thicker gradually toward its apex; third segment shorter than fourth segment; labrum shorter than 1/2 first labial segment; labium exceeding hindcoxae. Thorax: posterior margin of pronotum convexly angled; scutellum flattened laterally; lateral margin of hemelyron rounded; length of cuneus as long as width; membrane longer than length of cuneus; legs generally slender; third tarsal segment longer than others. Abdomen: reaching to apex of cuneus. Male genitalia: left paramere as long as right paramere; left paramere scythe-shaped, hypophysis medially curved, sensory lobe developed and projected upwardly, with tooth-like structures (Figs. 2A, 3A); right paramere generally straight, with curved and tapering hypophysis(Figs. 2B, 3B); endosoma mostly sclerotized, membranous parts reduced, with six to seven sclerites, secondary gonopore wider than ductus seminis (Figs. 2 C–D, 3C–E). Female genitalia: sclerotized rings closed each other; interramal lobe not surpassing to interramal sclerites, interramal lobe medially projected, lateral lobe rounded, positioned on interramal lobe in posterior wall (Figs. 2 E–G, 3F–H). Type species: Bifaciomiris koreanus sp. nov. Etymology: From the prefix Bi- (as in double) and facio-, derived from the Latin word Faciem (face) combined with ‘ Miris’ the type genus of the tribe, referring to the double colored face, one of the diagnostic characters of this genus; gender masculine. Discussion: This new genus is similar to many genera with a Lygus -like habitus, especially groups possessing superficially similar dorsal morphology. Here, we chose genera with similar habitus morphology in three topics to focus our discussion: i) similar habitus with different paramere structures; ii) similar habitus with similar left paramere; and iii) similar habitus with similar right and left parameres and endosomal structure. See comprehensive studies such as Eyles (1999) and Yasunaga et al. (2002) for comparison with more genera and for details within a nominal group, previously called the Lygus complex, including descriptions and illustrations. Bifaciomiris gen. nov. is similar in general appearance to genera, Apolygopsis Yasunaga, Schwartz and Chérot, Apolygus China, Chilocrates Horváth, Dagbertus Distant, Eolygus Poppius, Heterolygus Zheng and Yu, Koreocoris Cho and Kwon, Neolygus Knight, Nepiolygus Yasunaga, Schwartz and Chérot, Lygocorides (Ryukyulygus) Yasunaga, Pachylygus Yasunaga, Peltidolygus Poppius, Prolygus Carvalho and Salignus Kelton. However, this new genus can be easily distinguished by the combination of a relatively small body (except for Dagbertus and Prolygus), tumid scutellum (for Pachylygus and Peltidolygus), developed sensory lobe and structure of hypophysis of the left paramere, much less membranous and unique endosomal structure described above (e.g. Yasunaga 1991; Schwartz 1994; Yasunaga 1996; Schwartz & Foottit 1998; Yasunaga & Schwartz 2000; Yasunaga et al. 2002; Cho & Kwon 2008; Kim & Jung 2016). This genus is also similar to the genera Cyphodemidea Reuter, Iberolygus Kim, Goula and Jung, Liocoris Fieber, Lygus Hahn, Orthops Fieber, Sabactiopus Zheng and Lin, Sabactus Distant, and Warrisia Carvalho in appearance and left paramere structure. The new genus can be distinguished from the genera Cyphodemidea, Lygus, and Orthops by the first antennal segment distinctly longer than vertex width, pronotum with indistinct tiny punctuations, entirely dark scutellum and dark inner margin of clavus, right paramere structure with long and not coiled hypophysis, and reduced membranous endosoma with unique structures of spicule and sclerites (Schwartz & Foottit 1998; Schwartz & Eyles 1999). Even though color variations of head and scutellum in Lygus and Orthops are relatively well studied (e.g. Schwartz & Kerzhner 1997; Schwartz & Foottit 1998; Schwartz & Eyles 1999), the coloration patterns of the head and scutellum with the clavus of Bifaciomiris gen. nov. are clear to be the important characters. Iberolygus, recently described from Western Palaearctic is different from dorsal coloration, shape of right paramere, endosomal structure and female genitalia of Bifaciomiris gen. nov., even though structure of left paramere is similar (Kim et al. 2019). The other genera can be also distinguished from the other genera easily by the external and endosomal characters described above as diagnostic characters of the genus (Wagner 1974; Yasunaga et al. 2002; Zheng & Lin 2002). Bifaciomiris gen. nov. is similar to the Oriental genus Liistonotus in the general appearance and in genital structures of male and female. However, it can be distinguished by small body size (< ca. 3.5 mm), entirely dark clypeus, mandibular plate and maxillary plate, mostly yellowish hemelytron with small dark pattern, length of cuneus as long as width, and presence of scythe-shaped spicule in endosoma. It is also clear that a scythe-shaped spicule is found in endosoma of Bifaciomiris gen. nov. only (Figs. 2 C–D, 3C–E), although the genitalia of male of only one species Liistonotus melanostoma have been described (Schwartz & Kerzhner 1997; Zheng & Lu 2002), and descriptions of male genitalia of each study are not same. Given the difference of illustration sets of both species by each study, future study is needed whether these two species are conspecific. The genus Liistonotus, meanwhile, consists of two species described at a time by same author: the type species L. xanthomelas Reuter, 1906 and L. melanostoma (Reuter, 1906). Reuter (1906) erected this genus based on the female specimen of Liistonotus xanthomelas, and described the species Liocoridea melanostoma at first based on female specimen also. Hence, the male characters of Liistonotus had been unknown before Schwartz & Kerzhner (1997) revised some species. Schwartz & Kerzhner (1997) compared Liocoridea melanostoma with Lygus minutus, and then synonymized latter to former, describing male genitalia of latter species. At the same time, the species Liocoridea melanostoma was transferred to the genus Liistonotus, which is the different from Reuter (1906)’s view, based on several external characters shared with Liistonotus xanthomelas and the assumption (see Schwartz & Kerzhner (1997) for details). Finally, the genitalic structure of this genus was unveiled indirectly. However, the external characters mentioned as the evidence for genus transfer, actually as characters of Liistonotus, are also found in another genus Koreocoris (based on direct examination) which possesses the totally different endosomal structures to those of Liistonotus melanostoma, although external morphology of Koreocoris was not addressed in detail in its original description (Cho & Kwon 2008). It means that there can be more groups sharing the same states, and/or L. xanthomelas might be congeneric with K. bicoloratus (based on comparison with photographs of a holotype specimen of L. xanthomelas and specimens of K. bicoloratus). As a result, provided external characters excluding genital morphology are not enough for genus transfer of L. melanotoma. In agreement with the view of Reuter (1906), it is conceivable; If the structure of male genitalia of the type species L. xanthomelas is revealed to be different to that of L. melanostoma, in other words, these two species are actually not in same genus, the placement of L. melanostoma can be changed again to where its genital structure fits. And this new genus, at the moment, can accommodate L. melanostoma, because the first genus Liocoridea was synonymized to Chilocrates which possesses the apparently different genital structures (Yasunaga & Schwartz 2000). Indeed, L. xanthomelas is also very similar externally to Koreocoris bicoloratus with similar body size. But, each body length of two Liistonotus species is quite different (L. xanthomelas: 5.75 mm; L. melanostoma: 3.2–4.0 mm in Zheng et al. 2004), and the length of body is one of the major diagnostic characters for generic level (Yasunaga et al. 2002). In order to address this situation taxonomically, comprehensive revision including these genera is needed, but it is beyond the scope of this contribution. Thus, we propose the need for future study of genera and species indicated here. As a result, it is reasonable to erect Bifaciomiris gen. nov. as the first step, based on the clear morphological characters of two species to be defined, and considering the taxonomic issues of the related group Liistonotus, as Zheng et al. (2004) pointed out that further revision of Liistonotus is needed. This new genus, at least for the moment, might be most closely related with the genus Liistonotus based on genitalic morphology. However, some cases within Mirinae based on phylogenetic analysis genera with similar genital morphology were found to be closely not related (e.g. Phytocoris and Adelphocoris; and Orthops and Lygus), and genera with different genital morphology were recovered to be closely related (e.g. Koreocoris and Lygocorides; and Capsus and Stenotus) (Kim & Jung 2019). Therefore, future phylogenetic study using additional data such as molecular sequences is needed to evaluate relationship of Bifaciomiris gen. nov.Published as part of Kim, Junggon, Park, Haechul & Jung, Sunghoon, 2020, Bifaciomiris gen. nov., a new genus of the subfamily Mirinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), with description of two new species, pp. 557-565 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 558-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/374108
Communication and Data Analysis in Decision Making for Strategic Operational Improvement in the Colombian Beverage Industry
No full textEl desempeño de una empresa se evalúa por medio de diferentes indicadores de rendimiento, principalmente a través de resultados operacionales y financieros. Estos resultados dependen en gran medida de cómo los empleados comprenden la visión de la empresa y de la cohesión existente entre los ideales de los líderes que la dirigen. Para lograr resultados exitosos, es crucial que la información se transmita de manera efectiva, permitiendo tomar acciones oportunas y adecuadas. Esto abarca desde tareas complejas realizadas por altos ejecutivos o técnicos especializados hasta acciones más simples, como imprimir un documento o enviar un mensaje a tiempo. Fuente: Autor (Hans Pérez)
En términos generales, las industrias colombianas han desarrollado su propia forma de trabajo a lo largo de los años. Las grandes compañías han perfeccionado sus procesos, teniendo en cuenta aspectos como la calidad humana en el entorno laboral y la garantía de funciones específicas. Sin embargo, siempre existen deficiencias en la comunicación que merecen ser revisadas para lograr incluso un beneficio económico.
La comunicación efectiva es un pilar fundamental en las relaciones humanas y desempeña un papel crucial en el contexto empresarial. En la industria de bebidas de Colombia, esta habilidad es especialmente relevante para alcanzar resultados exitosos. Fuente: Autor (Hans Pérez)
En este estudio, se examina cómo una buena comunicación a nivel corporativo tiene un impacto directo en el desempeño de las empresas del sector de bebidas. Además, se tiene en cuenta la importancia del análisis de datos como herramienta estratégica para la toma de decisiones informadas.
La industria de bebidas en Colombia desempeña un papel significativo en la economía nacional. Según el DANE (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística) y la ANDI (Asociación Nacional de Empresarios de Colombia), su participación actual en el PIB nacional es del 0.8%. Esto significa que el comercio realizado por el sector de bebidas tiene un peso considerable en la economía general del país. Además, dentro del sector manufacturero, representa alrededor del 7%, lo que impacta toda la cadena productiva, desde el agro hasta los comerciantes minoristas. (MEP, 2019) (DANE, 2024) (ANDI, 2020)
En cualquier escenario industrial, una comunicación efectiva es esencial para garantizar el óptimo desempeño de las operaciones. Además, la gestión de datos desempeña un papel fundamental al permitirnos encontrar, filtrar y analizar información valiosa la cual es crucial para la toma de decisiones estratégicas y la creación de estrategias sólidas. Este estudio contribuye al entendimiento de cómo la comunicación y el análisis de datos se entrelazan en la industria de bebidas en Colombia. Se espera que los puntos de vista y aspectos analizados inspiren prácticas más efectivas y estratégicas en este sector vital para la economía del país.A company's performance is evaluated through different performance indicators, mainly through operational and financial results. These results depend to a large extent on how employees understand the company's vision and the cohesion between the ideals of the leaders who run the company. To achieve successful results, it is crucial that information is transmitted effectively, allowing timely and appropriate actions to be taken. This ranges from complex tasks performed by senior executives or specialized technicians to simpler actions, such as printing a document or sending a message on time. Source: Author (Hans Pérez)
In general terms, Colombian industries have developed their own way of working over the years. Large companies have perfected their processes, taking into account aspects such as human quality in the work environment and the guarantee of specific functions. However, there are always deficiencies in communication that deserve to be reviewed in order to achieve even an economic benefit.
Effective communication is a fundamental pillar in human relations and plays a crucial role in the business context. In Colombia's beverage industry, this skill is especially relevant to achieve successful results. Source: Author (Hans Pérez)
This study examines how good communication at the corporate level has a direct impact on the performance of companies in the beverage sector. It also considers the importance of data analysis as a strategic tool for informed decision making.
The beverage industry in Colombia plays a significant role in the national economy. According to DANE (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística) and ANDI (Asociación Nacional de Empresarios de Colombia), its current share in the national GDP is 0.8%. This means that trade carried out by the beverage sector has a considerable weight in the country's overall economy. Furthermore, within the manufacturing sector, it represents around 7%, which impacts the entire productive chain, from agriculture to retailers. (MEP, 2019) (DANE, 2024) (ANDI, 2020).
In any industrial scenario, effective communication is essential to ensure optimal performance of operations. In addition, data management plays a fundamental role in allowing us to find, filter and analyze valuable information which is crucial for strategic decision making and the creation of sound strategies. This study contributes to the understanding of how communication and data analysis are intertwined in the beverage industry in Colombia. It is hoped that the insights and issues analyzed will inspire more effective and strategic practices in this vital sector for the country's economy.CONTENIDO
Introducción …11
CAPÍTULO I. Propuesta… 13
1.1. DEFINICIÓN DEL PROBLEMA …13
1.1.1. Planteamiento del Problema… 13
1.1.2. Formulación del Problema… 14
1.2. MARCO REFERENCIAL …14
1.2.1. Antecedentes … 14
1.2.2. Estado del Arte… 18
1.3. MARCO TEÓRICO…22
1.3.1. Introducción al Marco Teórico… 22
1.3.2. Comunicación Interna y Toma de Decisiones… 23
1.3.3. Análisis y Visualización de Datos en la Toma de Decisiones… 25
1.3.4. Industria de Bebidas en Colombia: Contexto Y Desafíos … 29
1.3.5. Estrategias de Optimización en Operaciones y Comunicación Interna …31
1.3.6. Relacionamiento con Socios Internacionales … 34
1.3.7. Desarrollo de Habilidades de Liderazgo… 37
1.3.8. Conclusiones del Marco Teórico… 38
1.4. OBJETIVOS…39
1.4.1. Objetivo General … 39
1.4.2. Objetivos Específicos… 39
1.5. JUSTIFICACIÓN …40
CAPÍTULO II. Diseño Metodológico… 41
2.1. ENFOQUE….41
2.2. DISEÑO…41
2.3. ALCANCE…42
2.5. HERRAMIENTAS …42
CAPÍTULO III. Análisis Empresarial y Planteamiento de Soluciones… 44
3.1. ASPECTOS PRELIMINARES …44
3.1.1. Hábitos de comunicación… 44
3.1.2. Organigrama… 47
3.1.3. Flujograma… 55
3.1.4. Análisis DOFA … 58
3.2. PRESUPUESTO PROMEDIO DE MEETINGS…64
3.2.1. SALARIOS PROMEDIO…64
3.2.2. TIPOS DE REUNIONES …65
Seguimiento… 65
Planificación estratégica … 65
Evaluación de Desempeño… 65
3.2.3. ¿CUÁNTO CUESTA EL REPROCESO EN LA INDUSTRIA DE BEBIDAS COLOMBIANA… 65
CAPÍTULO IV. Objetivos del Trabajo Llevado a la Psicología de los Ejecutivos y Reducción de Costos… 67
4.1. USUALES FALLAS EN LA COMUNICACIÓN….68
4.2. ¿QUÉ PAPEL JUEGA EL ESTADO DE ÁNIMO? … 69
4.3. BUENA COMUNICACIÓN Y RELACIONAMIENTO EMPRESARIAL …70
CAPÍTULO V. Herramientas Para una Comunicación Efectiva…. 71
5.1. EVALUACIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE CLASIFICACIÓN (ESC…. 71
5.1.1. PRIMERA FASE ….73
Metodología …. 75
5.1.2. SEGUNDA FASE…78
Metodología ... 79
5.1.3. TERCERA FASE …80
5.2. MEJORA DE LA COMUNICACIÓN EMPRESARIAL: HERRAMIENTAS PARA LA RESOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS…81
5.2.1. PANEL DE GESTIÓN PARA LA INFORMACIÓN (PCI) … 81
5.2.2. MINUTA PLUS …85
Información esencial… 86
Feedback… 86
5.2.3. VISUALCOM …88
CAPÍTULO VI. Metodología ESC y herramientas: Una solución efectiva para mejorar la comunicación corporativa …91
6.1. IMPLEMENTACIÓN: CASO PRÁCTICO …91
6.2. MODO DE USO …94
Implementación FASE 1 … 95
Implementación FASE 2 … 98
Implementación FASE 3 … 101
6.3. VENTAJAS MATEMÁTICAS… 103
Análisis de Costos en Relación al Tiempo Invertido en Reuniones y su Impacto en la Empresa XYZ … 103
CAPÍTULO VII. Análisis de Datos en la Comunicación Efectiva Empresarial … 109
7.1. DASHBOARD ESTRATÉGICO …. 109
7.2. CONCEPTO… 109
7.3. IMPORTANCIA EN LA COMUNICACIÓN DE LA INDUSTRIA… 109
7.4. MODELO EMPRESARIAL … 110
CAPÍTULO VIII. Apreciación Profesional… 114
8.1. IMPORTANCIA …. 114
8.2. ENCUESTA… 115
Modelo de la encuesta … 116
8.3. RESULTADO…. 118
CAPÍTULO IX. Conclusiones y Recomendaciones… 121
BIBLIOGRAFÍA … 124Pregrad
Encapsulación del aceite de semilla de Sacha Inchi como estrategia para el desarrollo de nuevos alimentos funcionales
No full textSacha Inchi seed oil (SIO) is a promising ingredient for the development of functional foods due to its large amount of high-value compounds that are prone to oxidation. This work aimed to obtain SIO microcapsules using high-speed, conventional, and ultrasound probe homogenization and using spray and freeze-drying technologies as effective approaches to improve the long-term stability of functional compounds. In addition, this work presents a novel approach for the reformulation of muffins with the optimal SIO microcapsules. The texture and color properties of the control muffin and muffins incorporating SIO encapsulates were evaluated. In addition, a sensory analysis of the main attributes of the muffins was obtained by means of a survey. The application of high-speed and ultrasound probe homogenization improved the rheological and emulsifying properties and decreased the droplet size and the interfacial tension of emulsions, thus enhancing their stability. The microcapsules obtained by both drying technologies had low moisture and water activity values. Spray-dried microcapsules showed higher encapsulation efficiency compared to freeze-dried ones. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated that heat protection was assured, enhancing the shelf life. Results suggest that both drying technologies are considered effective tools to produce stable microcapsules. However, spray drying technology is positioned as a more economical alternative to freeze-drying. The results indicate that the addition of microcapsules of SIO to the muffins helps improve sensory acceptability. This represents an excellent industrial and nutritional alternative for the partial replacement of ingredients for the development of healthier products that contribute to disease prevention.Magíster en Ingeniería QuímicaMaestríaEmerging TechnologiesFunctional foodsFood emulsionsDrying technologie
