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SYNTHESIS OF 4-(3,4-DIMETOXY-PHENYL)-3-BUTENE-2-ON AND ACTIVITY IT’S TEST AS A FRUIT FLIES ATRACTANT
Full text link4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-on has been synthesized from veratraldehyde and acetone via aldol condensation. The reaction was performed at room temperature under basic condition for 24 hours to give brown solid of product (m.p 64-6 5oC) in 73.7% yield. Veratraldehyde itself was produced from alkylation of vanillin by the use of dimethylsulfate. The structure of the products was analyzed by FTIR, 1H NMR and GC-MS. Activity test of 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-on as an attractant was carried out in Sleman, Bantul and Kulon Progo with methyl eugenol as a reference. The result showed that 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-on was inactive compound as a fruit flies attractant and some of fruit flies, i.e. Bactrocera papayae, B. carambolae, B. umbrosa and B. abdolonginqua was found on the test area.
Keywords: 4-(3,4-dimetoxy-phenyl)-3-butene-2-on, Bactrocera spp., attractan
Population of Herbivorous and Carnivorous Arthropods in Rice Field Ecosystem Modified with Vermicompost and Flower Plants
Full text linkBiological diversity index could be used as an option to assess the stability of an agricultural ecosystem. This limited field research was aimed to determine the effect of vermicompost and flowering plants (Asteraceae) to the diversity of herbivore and carnivore arthropods (M+). Conventional treatment with the application of non-organic fertiliser and without the addition of flowering plant was used as control (M0). Sampling was conducted using insect nets, and began at 30 days after planting (DAT), and repeated every other week until before harvesting. The results showed that the diversity of herbivore and carnivore arthropods in modified plots with organic fertiliser worm cast and flower plants/habitat manipulated system (M+) was moderate (herbivores: Shannon diversity index from 1.1 - 2.2; carnivores: 1.93 - 2.09), as well as the diversity of arthropods in the field of non-modified/custom system (M0) (herbivores: Shanon index of 1.2 - 1.7; carnivore: 1.34 - 2.18). Meanwhile, the number of arthropod species found in the M+ plot was 59 species, consisted of 22 herbivores and 37 carnivores (9 order, 32 families, and 35 genera). Number of arthropods found in the M0 plot was 54 species, consisted of 17 species of herbivores and 37 species of carnivores (7 orders, 28 families, and 30 generas). Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the plot diversity M+ and M0. Nevertheless, mean diversity of the M+ plot tended to be higher (Shannon Index herbivore and carnivore = 1.6 = 2.01) compared with M0 plot (herbivore and carnivore = 1.45 = 1.76)
Respon Kutu Putih Pepaya dan Tanaman Pepaya terhadap Aplikasi Asam Salisilat
Full text linkSalicylic acid is one of the elicitor substances that can be used to reduce the level of damage of plants, both by pathogen and herbivore. The application of salicylic acid also affects plant growth and productivity. The impact of the salicylic acid application on a plant varies, such as depending on concentration, mode of application, and plant species. This research aimed to know the effect of different salicylic acid concentrations on mealybug development and papaya growth. The results showed that salicylic acid at concentrations of 100 mg/l slowed mealybug development and suppressed the amount of fecundity. Still, it caused a plant to grow smaller relatively. The application of salicylic acid at a concentration of 50 mg/l was the best treatment because it provided the best growth of papaya plants and suppressed the fecundity of mealybug
Confirmation on Status of Omotemnus miniatocrinitus Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) in Snakefruit Growing Areas
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Acoustic Playback Stimulus Experiment to Study Mating Behavioral Responses of Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae)
No full textThe melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae is serious pest attacks fruits and vegetables. The manipulation of male mating behavior that displays acoustic signals is one of the steps in the behavior-based control strategy of B. cucurbitae. The first study period determines the courtship song characteristics, frequency, and occurrence time. The recording was carried out when B. cucurbitae was mated using
recording devices at 04.00–07.00 pm. The results show three sounds produced before copulation, namely, calling, courtship, and stimulating, with frequencies 274.30 ± 3.29 Hz, 284.65 ± 2.00 Hz, and 304.36 ± 1.82 Hz. B. cucurbitae courtship song began at 04.00–06.26 pm. The second study was performed to determine the effect of experimental acoustic playback stimulus on the selection of mating pairs by females. The acoustic playback stimulus is made synthetically by playback of two channels, namely, calling and courtship sounds, with frequencies of 274 and 284 Hz at a sound pressure level (SPL) of 85 dB. The experimental
results of acoustic playback stimulus show that the sexual behavior of female B. cucurbitae was disrupted and marked by the decreased number of copulations during SPL is high, resulting in the overlapping calling and courtship sounds frequencies that impair signal detection
New Report: Helopeltis cinchonae Mann (Hemiptera: Miridae) Attacking Commercial Hydrangea Flowering Plants in East Java, Indonesia
Full text linkFormerly, the mirid bug has not been recorded for Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.), in Indonesia. Infestation of mirid bug was found on the leaves of Hydrangea in the vegetative growth phase from July 2023 to July 2024 in five hamlet fields at the ornamental farming center in Batu City, East Java. Plant samples were observed diagonally and five plants in each point were selected for samples. On each of the top ten leaves of the sample plants, the percentage of attack symptoms was carefully observed. Nymphs found during the observation were reared to imago, and adults were identified as Helopeltis cinchonae Mann (Hemiptera: Miridae). Insect pests, infestation symptoms, and egg locations were documented during the study. This is the first report of a pest causing significant damage to commercial Hydrangea plants in Batu, East Java, indicating the need to develop an integrated pest management strategy to support increased Hydrangea cut flower production in Batu
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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