1,720,971 research outputs found
Penetapan kadar vitamin C pada daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) dan bayam hijau (Amaranthus gangeticus L.) dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis
Get PDFVitamin C is a compound that cannot be formed by the body itself. Vitamin C is needed to regulate metabolic processes and normal body functions. Lack of vitamin C can cause a decrease in the immune system. During a pandemic, vitamin C is needed to improve the immune system to prevent and fight disease infections. The pandemic has caused an increase in the need and price of vitamin C supplements in the market. Fulfilling the body’s vitamin C needs can use alternatives such as Moringa leaves and green spinach. This study aims to determine the levels of vitamin C in Moringa leaves and green spinach with variations in temperature and concentration. Analysis of vitamin C was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 516 nm. The results of the determination of vitamin C levels in Moringa leaves and green spinach obtained the highest levels of 24,9948% and 19,0205%, and the lowest levels of 2,2456% and 1,8710%. The results of the ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of vitamin C obtained at the given temperature and concentration variations
Uji aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak etanol buah renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albicans
Get PDFStaphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans are microorganisms that cause infection in humans and have developed resistance to several classes of antibiotics and antifungals. Plants in the genus Amomum have been used in traditional medicine and have scientific potential as alternatives to natural antibacterial and antifungal agents. Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) is a species of the genus Amomum that is commonly found in Lombok. Scientific research related to the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the fruit is still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activity of ethanol extract of renggak fruit against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The extraction method used sonication with 96% ethanol. Testing of antibacterial and antifungal activity by disc diffusion method. The positive control used chloramphenicol for antibacterial testing and ketoconazole for antifungal testing, while the negative control used 10% DMSO solution. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the extract was measured based on the diameter of the inhibition zone formed around the disc. Data analysis used the Kruskall-Wallis statistical test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the ethanol extract had moderate activity against S. aureus at concentrations of 20% w/v & 30%w/v with inhibitory diameters ranging from 5-7 mm, while at concentrations of 40% w/v & 50% w/v. has strong activity with inhibitory diameters ranging from 10-15 mm. The ethanol extract showed no activity at concentrations of 50%, 75%, and 100% in inhibiting the growth of the fungus C. albicans. Statistical test of each extract concentration had a significant effect on the inhibition of growth of S. aureus compared to the negative control. Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the extract of renggak fruit has the potential to inhibit the growth of S. aureus
The Effect of Different Solvents and Methods on Brown Seaweed Turbinaria sp. Metabolite Profil
Get PDFTurbinaria sp. is valuable source of various metabolites that exhibit pharmacological and biological activities. The diversity of these metabolites can be influenced by several factors, such as environmental conditions and the choice of solvent during the extraction process. This study aims to investigate the effect of different solvents and methods on the metabolite profiles of Turbinaria sp. extract Turbinaria sp. was extracted using maceration and soxhlet method with n-hexane and n-hexane:methanol as solvents. Phytochemical analysis was performed using tube tests. Meanwhile the determination of total phenols and total flavonoids was performed by spectrophotometry assay. The results has shown that Turbinaria sp. contain flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, and tannins, with the highest total phenol and total flavonoid content found in the extracts using n-hexane as a solvent and soxhletation methods
The Study of Potential Antiviral Compounds from Indonesian Medicinal Plants as Anti-COVID-19 with Molecular Docking Approach
No full textCorona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new strain of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, which was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The rapid transmission of COVID-19 from human to human forced researchers to find a potent drug by setting aside the time-consuming traditional method in drug development. The molecular docking approach is one a reliable method to screening compound from chemical drug or by finding a compound from Indonesian herbal plants. The present study aimed to assess the potency of compounds from five medicinal plants as potential inhibitors of PLpro and 3CLpro from SARS-CoV-2 using molecular study. The molecular docking was performed using Protein-Ligand Ant System (PLANTS) to analyze the potential compounds by the docking score. Remdesivir triphosphate was used as a standard for the comparison of the test compounds. The docking score obtained from the docking of PLpro with native ligand, remdesivir triphosphate, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin-7-O-glucuronide, andrographolide, and neoandrographolide were -111.441, -103.827, -103.609, -102.363, -100.27, -79.6655, -78.6901, -80.9337, -79.4686, -82.1124, -79.1789, and -97.2452, respectively. Meanwhile, docking score with 3CLpro for the same ligand were -64.0074, -86.1811, -81.428, -87.1625, -78.2899, -73.4345, -70.3368, -71.5539, -68.4321, -72.0154, -75.9777, and -93.7746. The docking score data suggest that curcumin was the most potential as a PLpro inhibitor, while neoandrographolide was the best as a 3CLpro inhibitor
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Rumput Laut Cokelat (Sargassum cristaefolium) terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis
Get PDFABSTRAKStaphylococcus epidermidis diketahui menyebabkan infeksi kulit oportunistik termasuk menyebabkan acne vulgaris. Pemilihan bahan alam rumput laut cokelat Sargassum cristaefolium diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif baru terhadap tingginya angka resistensi bakteri akibat antibiotik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol S.cristaefolium terhadap S.epidermidis. S.cristaefolium dikumpulkan dari pantai Batu Layar Lombok dan dimaserasi dengan etanol 96%. Penelitian ini kemudian mencakup pemberian konsentrasi ekstrak etanol S.cristaefolium (60%, 80% dan 100%) dan kontrol positif doksisiklin. Aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak diamati dengan metode difusi sumuran agar. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis statistik menggunakan uji parametrik One Way ANOVA. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol S.cristaefolium mengandung alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid dan steroid serta memiliki daya hambat antibakteri pada konsentrasi 100% dengan diameter hambat 9.46 ± 1.60 termasuk katagori sedang, konsentrasi 80% dan 60% memiliki daya hambat lemah dengan diameter 2.63 ± 0.74 dan 1.96 ± 0.71. Bila dibandingkan kontrol positif, daya hambat ekstrak etanol S.cristaefolium memiliki hasil yang lebih rendah. Berdasarkan uji statistik One Way ANOVA, hasil aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol S.cristaefolium berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negative yang terlihat dari nilai p < 0.05.Kata kunci: Staphylococcus epidermidis; Sargassum cristaefolium;Aktivitas Antibakteri; Ekstrak etanol 96%; Zona hambatABSTRACTStaphylococcus epidermidis is known to cause opportunistic skin infections including acne. The selection of natural material such as brown seaweed Sargassum cristaefolium is expected to be used as a new alternative to high number of bacterial resistance due to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of S.cristaefolium against S.epidermidis. S.cristaefolium collected from Batu Layar coast Lombok and macerated with 96% ethanol. This research included the difference of any concentrations (60%, 80% and 100%) and doxycycline as positive control. The Antibacterial activity of the extract would be observed by agar well diffusion method. The data was then analyzed statistically using the One Way ANOVA parametric test. The results of phytochemical screening showed the ethanolic extract of S.cristaefolium contained alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid and steroid. The antibacterial test showed that at the concentration of 100% S.cristaefolium had 9.46 ± 1.60 of inhibition zone diameter and it was classified in to medium category. At the concentrations of 80% and 60% S.cristaefolium were classified in to weak category. The diameters of the inhibition zone were 2.63 ± 0.74 and 1.96 ± 0.71. The research showed doxycycline as positive control has better result than any concentrations ethanol extract of S.cristaefolium. Based on the One Way ANOVA statistical test, the results of the antibacterial activity of S.cristaefolium ethanol extract were significantly different compared to the negative control, as seen from the p value < 0.05.Keyword: Staphylococcus epidermidis; Sargassum cristaefolium; Antibacterial activity; 96% ethanol extract; Zone of inhibitio
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Sargassum polycystum dari Pantai Batu Layar, Nusa Tenggara Barat
No full textSargassum polycystum termasuk dalam kelas Phaeophyceae atau rumput laut coklat yang memiliki metabolit sekunder yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan, termasuk antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol 96% S. polycystum dan fraksinya terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Sejumlah sampel S. polycystum dikumpulkan dari Pantai Batu Layar, Lombok Barat, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Sampel diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi (3x24 jam) dan difraksinasi menggunakan corong pisah, sehingga diperoleh ekstrak etanol pekat S. polycystum dan fraksi n-heksana, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi air. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji skrining fitokimia untuk mengetahui kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan steroid/terpenoid. Hasil pemeriksaan metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak etanol mengandung semua metabolit sekunder kecuali triterpenoid, fraksi n-heksana hanya mengandung alkaloid dan steroid, fraksi etil asetat mengandung saponin dan steroid dan fraksi air mengandung flavonoid dan tanin. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dan ketiga fraksi dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram. Perlakuan terdiri dari ekstrak etanol 96%, fraksi n-heksana, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi air S. polycystum dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 25% b/v, 50% b/v 80% b/v dan 100% b/v. Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah kloramfenikol 0,1%. Analisis data menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA dengan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bersama fraksi rumput laut coklat S. polycystum memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus ATCC 25923 (p<0,05)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Studi Etnomedisin Pada Mahasiswa Farmasi
Get PDFThe topic of research on the exploration of natural materials is still a favorite among pharmacy students. This is also supported by the biodiversity in Indonesia which is spread across the region. Students need more insight and description of research topics related to natural product products, one of which is ethnomedicine studies. Based on this background, it is necessary to provide education related to ethnomedicine studies from experts to increase students' knowledge about the topic of exploring medicinal herbs and plants from ethnic groups in Indonesia. Education is carried out using lecture and discussion methods in webinars using virtual meeting applications with pretest and posttest. The webinar was attended by 239 participants, with the majority being pharmacy students from several Indonesian pharmacy universities. From the results of the pretest, it is known that the average knowledge of participants about ethnomedicine is 53.89. After the expert's explanation, the participants' knowledge increased with the average post-test score of 71.21. Participants' knowledge of the ethnomedicine study increased after being given education
Phytochemical Screening of Purple Leaf Twig Extract
Get PDFPurple leaf (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff) is a plant that has antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal benefits. Flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, and tannins are some of the secondary metabolites found in the leaves that have antibacterial properties. This study aims to determine the content of phytochemical compounds in purple leaf twig extract. The method used is phytochemical screening to identify flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tannin, steroid and terpenoid compounds. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the purple leaf twig extract contained flavonoid, saponin and terpenoid compounds. However, it did not show any steroid compounds. The conclusion is that the identification of secondary metabolite compounds in purple leaf twig extract contains flavonoid, saponin and terpenoid compounds. In contrast to the content of secondary metabolite compounds in G. pictum twigs is different from that in its leaves.
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