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Islam dan Politik Kenegaraan Perspektif Muhammad Arkoun
No full textAbstrak: Tulisan ini akan menggambarkan tentang konsep negara Islam dari pemikiran Muhammad Arkoun. Untuk menata masa depan hubungan antar agama dan Negara di negeri-negeri Muslim tampaknya perlu dilakukan berapa hal penting: pertama, kaum politisi santri perlu terus meningkatkan kualitas pengalaman berpolitik (political experience) mereka di arena politik kenegaraan di masing-masing Negara. Terutama Negara yang bercorak nation-state. Kedua, pola pemikiran (etika) politik Islam yang masih berkutat pada landasan epistemologi klasik perlu ditransformasikan ke arah pemikiran yang secara epistemologis lebih bercorak sosial-empiris sesuai dengan tantangan zaman yang ada. Ketiga, umat Islam khususnya para politisi Muslim harus terus berupaya melepaskan diri dari kungkungan berpikir historis-romantis dan normatif-teologis-apologis, serta harus berani melakukan terobosan kontekstual yang antisipatif dengan masa depan peradaban dunia. Keempat, isu-isu politik khilãfah dan penegakan syariat Islam harus dikaji ulang, baik secara konseptual maupun relevansinya dengan konteks zaman, lebih khusus dengan realita sistem nation-state yang ada di berbagai belahan dunia Islam. Bukankah konsep khilafah pada hakikatnya lebih bersifat historis belaka, bukan sesuatu yang secara normatif Islam harus diwujudkan.Kata Kunci: Islam, Politik, Khilafah, Negara, Pemerintahan</jats:p
Islam dan Politik Kenegaraan Perspektif Muhammad Arkoun
Get PDFAbstrak: Tulisan ini akan menggambarkan tentang konsep negara Islam dari pemikiran Muhammad Arkoun. Untuk menata masa depan hubungan antar agama dan Negara di negeri-negeri Muslim tampaknya perlu dilakukan berapa hal penting: pertama, kaum politisi santri perlu terus meningkatkan kualitas pengalaman berpolitik (political experience) mereka di arena politik kenegaraan di masing-masing Negara. Terutama Negara yang bercorak nation-state. Kedua, pola pemikiran (etika) politik Islam yang masih berkutat pada landasan epistemologi klasik perlu ditransformasikan ke arah pemikiran yang secara epistemologis lebih bercorak sosial-empiris sesuai dengan tantangan zaman yang ada. Ketiga, umat Islam khususnya para politisi Muslim harus terus berupaya melepaskan diri dari kungkungan berpikir historis-romantis dan normatif-teologis-apologis, serta harus berani melakukan terobosan kontekstual yang antisipatif dengan masa depan peradaban dunia. Keempat, isu-isu politik khilãfah dan penegakan syariat Islam harus dikaji ulang, baik secara konseptual maupun relevansinya dengan konteks zaman, lebih khusus dengan realita sistem nation-state yang ada di berbagai belahan dunia Islam. Bukankah konsep khilafah pada hakikatnya lebih bersifat historis belaka, bukan sesuatu yang secara normatif Islam harus diwujudkan.
Kata Kunci: Islam, Politik, Khilafah, Negara, Pemerintaha
Political Culture of Madurese Community in Marriage Law: from the Perspective of Utilitarianism and Structuration Theories and Maqasidi Interpretation
Get PDFThis research delves into marriage law of Madurese community seen from the purview of its culture and nature. The practice of such marriage contravenes the formal restrictions of the legislation concerning marriage as ruled by the state. Several facts show that some marriage norms were spoiled, sparking the popularity of sirri (unregistered) marriage which further leads to istbat nikah and underage marriage that triggers an exemption. This research employed a qualitative method by garnering information from the judges of a religious court, kiai (a respected and religious Javanese expert in Islam), and the members of the public. The primary data were collected from data on unregistered marriage and exemption in marriage. The data were reductively analyzed, discovering that, first, the political culture of the marriage in Madurese community is captured in a particular pattern: 1) political administration is a measure taken to manipulate the administrative process; 2) political prevention is defined as a legal objective (maslahah, avoiding the likelihood of sharia violations with the basis of hifdz an-nasb) which is a milestone of a legal politics referred to by people, 3) political family and political culture were shaped by the people’s view believing that securing familial relationships from breaking is far more important than what the legislation regulates, 4) political authority represents the presence of a kiai that works like a shield and an escape thoroughfare from the law of the state for the sake of the tradition; second, 1) from the aspect of utilitarianism, there is a point at which political culture of Madurese community and justice meet, 2) the structuration theory views political culture in Madurese community as inevitability, involving religious roles, public, and legal materials, and 3) within maqasidi scope, a law enforcement is seen as preventive (dar’u al-mafasid) as congruent with the aspect of lawmaking objective.
Penilaian Kondisi Bangunan Gedung Sekolah Dasar Negeri Studi Kasus di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Se-Kabupaten Madiun
Get PDFFacilities and infrastructure are important elements to achieve the successful education and teaching process. The procurement of adequate and standardized buildings become an effort to comply with the minimum standards of infrastructure required by the government. This study focus on conducting an analyzis the damage level at State Primary School (SDN) buildings in Madiun regency.Building condition assessment conducted through a direct surveys and then proceed by weighting the data to obtain the level of damage categorized as good, minor, moderate and heavily damaged . Among the 431 of state primary school buildings surveyed, 36.53% of the classrooms in a minor damage while 25.42% others considered heavily damaged. For the teacher's office, 38.04% were in a minor damage, while 23.23% others considered heavily damaged. For the library buildings, 38.14% of them considered in a minor damage and 24.53% others heavily damaged. For teacher latrines condition, 49.53% of teacher latrines considered heavily damaged, while 24.03% were moderate damage. While 49.82% of student latrines were heavily damaged and 23.49% others considered in a moderate damage.From the assessment, it can be concluded that the latrines facility repairment, both for teachers and students, should become top priority for the local government in the implementation of school quality improvement programs.buildings condition, level of damage, primary school building</jats:p
Penilaian Kondisi Bangunan Gedung Sekolah Dasar Negeri Studi Kasus di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Se-Kabupaten Madiun
Get PDFFacilities and infrastructure are important elements to achieve the successful education and teaching process. The procurement of adequate and standardized buildings become an effort to comply with the minimum standards of infrastructure required by the government. This study focus on conducting an analyzis the damage level at State Primary School (SDN) buildings in Madiun regency.Building condition assessment conducted through a direct surveys and then proceed by weighting the data to obtain the level of damage categorized as good, minor, moderate and heavily damaged . Among the 431 of state primary school buildings surveyed, 36.53% of the classrooms in a minor damage while 25.42% others considered heavily damaged. For the teacher's office, 38.04% were in a minor damage, while 23.23% others considered heavily damaged. For the library buildings, 38.14% of them considered in a minor damage and 24.53% others heavily damaged. For teacher latrines condition, 49.53% of teacher latrines considered heavily damaged, while 24.03% were moderate damage. While 49.82% of student latrines were heavily damaged and 23.49% others considered in a moderate damage.From the assessment, it can be concluded that the latrines facility repairment, both for teachers and students, should become top priority for the local government in the implementation of school quality improvement programs.buildings condition, level of damage, primary school building <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis
Distingsi Trilogi Hukum Terhadap Legalisasi Poligami Masyarakat Madura
Get PDFThe issue of polygamy always gives rise to dualism in different contexts of understanding. On the one hand, the permissibility of polygamy has fair conditions that humans cannot do. But on the other hand, there is a value of humanism inherent in the practice of polygamy, which elevates the degree and dignity of women. The female population and high divorce rate cause many widows and abandoned children, thus requiring comprehensive research on polygamy. This study uses a qualitative approach where data is taken from polygamists, young Kiai, and the Pamekasan Regency DPRD as drafters of the Raperda, as well as primary data. Two findings were produced, namely, first, the practice of community polygamy was influenced by the social structure, namely 1) hereditary genetic factors 2) trying to save the fate of widowed women and their children 3) carrying out for legal reasons. Second, the results of the analysis found 1) legally speaking, the practice of polygamy in Pamekasan complies with the provisions of Articles 4 and 5 of Law no. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and Articles 57 and 58 KHI No. 1 the year 1991; 2) sociologically, the practice of polygamy has entered the space of the social structure, its presence has an effect on creating social order; 3) the practice of polygamy aims to create maslahah and reject mafsadah.Persoalan poligami selalu melahirkan dualisme konteks pemahaman yang berbeda. Satu sisi, kebolehan poligami memiliki syarat adilyang tidak akan mampu dilakukan oleh manusia. Namun disisi lain, terdapat nilai humanisme yang melakat dalam praktik poligami yakni mengangkat derajat dan martabat perempuan. Populasi perempuan dan angka perceraian yang tinggi, menyebabkan banyak janda dan anak terlantar, sehingga memerlukan penelitian komprehensif tentang poligami. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dimana data diambil dari pelaku poligami, kiai muda dan DPRD Kabupaten Pamekasan sebagai perumus Raperda, sekaligus sebagai data primer. Dihasilkan dua temuan yaitu pertama praktik poligami masyarakat dipengaruhi oleh struktur sosial yaitu 1) faktor genetikal secara turun temurun 2) berupaya menyelamatkan nasib perempuan janda dan anak-anaknya 3) dilakukan karena alasan legal. Kedua, hasil analisis menemukan 1) secara yuridis, praktik poligami di Pamekasan telah sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 4 dan 5 UU No. 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan dan Pasal 57 dan 58 KHI No. 1 tahun 1991; 2) secara sosiologis, praktik poligami telah memasuki ruang struktur sosial, keberadaannya berpengaruh untuk menciptakan keteraturan sosial; 3) praktik poligami bertujuan untuk menciptakan maslahah dan menolak mafsadat
Penilaian Kondisi Bangunan Gedung Sekolah Dasar Negeri Studi Kasus di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Se-Kabupaten Madiun
Get PDFFacilities and infrastructure are important elements to achieve the successful education and teaching process. The procurement of adequate and standardized buildings become an effort to comply with the minimum standards of infrastructure required by the government. This study focus on conducting an analyzis the damage level at State Primary School (SDN) buildings in Madiun regency.Building condition assessment conducted through a direct surveys and then proceed by weighting the data to obtain the level of damage categorized as good, minor, moderate and heavily damaged . Among the 431 of state primary school buildings surveyed, 36.53% of the classrooms in a minor damage while 25.42% others considered heavily damaged. For the teacher's office, 38.04% were in a minor damage, while 23.23% others considered heavily damaged. For the library buildings, 38.14% of them considered in a minor damage and 24.53% others heavily damaged. For teacher latrines condition, 49.53% of teacher latrines considered heavily damaged, while 24.03% were moderate damage. While 49.82% of student latrines were heavily damaged and 23.49% others considered in a moderate damage.From the assessment, it can be concluded that the latrines facility repairment, both for teachers and students, should become top priority for the local government in the implementation of school quality improvement programs.buildings condition, level of damage, primary school building</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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