307 research outputs found
Epistimologi Islam dalam Perpsektif M. Abid Al Jabiri
No full textThe development of the science of development is slowly growing rapidly, more so in the western world based on the main base, namely rationalism, and empiricism. However, it is in contrast to the treasures of Islamic scholarship which stagnated due to differences in perceptions of accepting or rejecting science which only stems from rationalism and empiricism. Based on this anxiety, there was an effort made by one of the leading Muslim figures named M. Abid Al Jabiri who tried to construct ideas about the importance of the development of science in Islamic treasures with an Islamic epistemological approach. Therefore, this paper was appointed to reveal more deeply how the views of M. Abid Al Jabiri in the development of Islamic scientific treasures with an Islamic Epistemology approach so that with his view it provides a solution to confusion and adversity in the development of Islamic scholarship. This study method uses a qualitative approach with the type of library research. Through this type of research, the author collects various references regarding the views of M. Abid Al Jabiri on Islamic epistemology which the authors then analyze and can finally produce a conclusion. The results of this study conclude that in M. Abid Al Jabiri\u27s view, Islamic epistemology through Bayani, Irfan, and Burhani epistemologies is an answer to how important it is to use Islamic epistemology for the development of Islamic scholarship so that it does not lag behind the dominance of Western scientific development
Transmisi Etika Ke Tatanan Politik Perspektif Muhammad Abid Al-jabiri
No full textSeveral political issues are presumed having a relationship with the ethical values such as the problems of authority and its distribution, the application of laws, human rights, women emancipation, social justice, the distribution of national wealth, economics justice, and etc. These problems show us the importance of ethical reference to polish the political countenance as well as to straighten up the political manoeuvres that are often full of intrigues, arrogance, and tyranny. The transmission concept from ethics to the political order that has ever been stated by Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) in his book “Politea” on political matters, and his “Nicomachean” on moral issues is presumed inspiring the philosophers both in the West and in the East. This article elaborates Muhammad 'Abid Al Jabiri's thought (1936-…), a Muslim thinker from Morocco who classifies ethical values that are transmitted into political order in the Muslim World consisting of four main variants; (1) subservience ethics, an ethical system that is inherited by Persian sultanate; (2) happiness ethics, an ethical system of Greece; (3) transitory ethics, an ethical system developed by Sufi order; and (4) Muru'ah ethics, an ethical system developed in the Arabian World. According to al-Jabiri, these all four systems still left the important matters dealing with the claim of progressive and futuristic -oriented human dynamics. Therefore, al-Jabiri proposed a recommendation for Arabian and Islamic world in order to exceed such ethical systems and to side with the pious deed ethics and profit that became their tendency
Gaussian distribution of inhomogeneous barrier height in nanocrystalline graphite (NCG)/p-Si Schottky diodes
No full textSchottky characteristics of nanocrystalline graphite/p-Si junction were investigated using current-voltage measurements at various temperatures between 298 and 473 K. Using the thermionic emission theory, the extracted ideality factor reduces by 77% while Schottky barrier height increases by 46% with increasing temperature. The initial obtained value of Richardson constant, A∗ from this device was 7.92 × 10-10 Acm-2 K-2. This value is far smaller than the theoretical value of 32A cm-2 K-2 for p-Si which indicates inhomogeneity of a barrier height at the device interface. The Gaussian distribution plot was employed to explain the barrier height inhomogeneity, which gives the mean barrier height and standard deviation of 1.23 eV and 0.19 eV, respectively. By including the Gaussian distribution, the analysis of a modified Richardson plot gives a mean barrier height of 1.25 eV and a Richardson constant of 31.09 A cm-2 K-2, which are close to the theoretical values.</p
Nonlinear response topology optimization using equivalent static loads—case studies
No full textNonlinear structural optimization is fairly expensive and difficult, because a large number of nonlinear analyses is required due to the large number of design variables involved in topology optimization. In element density based topology optimization, the low density elements create mesh distortion and the updating of finite element material with low density elements has a severe effect on the optimization results in the next cycles. In order to overcome these difficulties, the equivalent static loads method for nonlinear response structural optimization (ESLSO) primarily used for size and shape optimization has been applied to topology optimization. The nonlinear analysis is performed with the given loading conditions to calculate equivalent static loads (ESLs) and these ESLs are used to perform linear response optimization. In this paper, the authors have presented the results of five case studies with material, geometric and contact nonlinearities showing good agreement and providing justification of the proposed method
Cushing’s Disease : Pituitary Surgery versus Adrenalectomy
No full textWe describe two patients of the Department of Medicine at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, with Cushing’s disease. Their magnetic resonance imaging scans of the pituitary were negative. One patient was treated by transsphenoidal surgery and the other by bilateral endoscopic adrenalectomy. Both procedures were successful and the patients cured. The advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches are discussed.
PENDIDIKAN FULL DAY SCHOOL DALAM PERSPEKTIF EPISTEMOLOGI MUHAMMAD ‘ABID AL- JABIRI
No full textThis paper presents about full day school education in the epistemology perspective of Muhammad 'Abid Al-Jabiri. Muhammad 'Abid Al-Jabiri is one of contemporary Islamic thinkers with the theories of bayani, ‘irfani and burhani. Where the theory of epistemology serve is a science that comes from a sacred text and the theory of ‘irfani epistemology derived from intuition while the theory of burhani epistemology derived from the principles of logic, ratio and reason. And this paper examines the education of full day school with the theories of bayani, ‘irfani and burhani. With the hope of third theory can be understood as effort to build and create paradigm of society about policy of full day school, so from various problematic causing the pros and cons to full day school concept which have been published by Mendikbud can be overcome
Pendidikan Full Day School dalam Perspektif Epistemologi Muhammad ‘Abid Al- Jabiri
No full textThis paper presents about full day school education in the epistemology perspective of Muhammad 'Abid Al-Jabiri. Muhammad 'Abid Al-Jabiri is one of contemporary Islamic thinkers with the theories of bayani, ‘irfani and burhani. Where the theory of epistemology serve is a science that comes from a sacred text and the theory of ‘irfani epistemology derived from intuition while the theory of burhani epistemology derived from the principles of logic, ratio and reason. And this paper examines the education of full day school with the theories of bayani, ‘irfani and burhani. With the hope of third theory can be understood as effort to build and create paradigm of society about policy of full day school, so from various problematic causing the pros and cons to full day school concept which have been published by Mendikbud can be overcome
Konsep Epistemologi Keilmuan Islam Muhammad Abid Al-Jabiri
No full textKondisi nalar Arab mengalami stagnasi yang cukup akut. Akibatnya, dunia Arab mengalami ketertinggalan dibanding dengan nalar modern yang semakin berkembang. Problem mendasar tersebut menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi M. Abid al-Jabiri untuk membangkitkan nalar Arab dari tidur panjang. Al-Jabiri berpendapat bahwa dunia Arab dan Islam tidak harus menutup mata dari perkembangan dunia Barat, justru harus terjadi dialog kritis dan dialog peradaban. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah deskriptif analisis. Dilihat dari jenisnya penelitian ini termasuk riset kepustakaan (library research). Sumber pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah beberapa pustaka dari buku dan jurnal yang memaparkan tentang “Epistemologi Keilmuan Islam al-Jabiri”. Hasil dari tulisan ini menjelaskan bahwa al-Jabiri sangat menekankan epistemologi pemikiran Arab kontemporer sebagai jalan untuk menghadapi modernitas. Dalam upaya merekostruksi nalar Arab kontemporer, al-Jabiri membagi tiga nalar epistemologi yaitu bayani, burhani dan irfani. Apabila sinergitas ketiga paradigma epistemologi tersebut dilakukan maka teks atau naṣ keagamaan tidak lagi gamang berdialog dengan isu-isu kontemporer, karena teks tersebut sebenarnya sudah membawa pesan universal tentang kemanusiaan (humanity), keadilan (justice), dan kesetaraan (equality)
Sejarah Konflik Politik di Wilayah Kekuasaan Turki Utsmani pada Masa Sultan Sulaiman Al-Qonuni Tahun 1520–1566 M
No full textPenelitian ini mengkaji terkait konflik yang dihadapi oleh Sultan Sulaiman Al-Qonuni selaku pemimpin Turki Utsmani. Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk mengetahui peristiwa konflik yang terjadi, serta bagaimana upaya yang dilakukan sultan untuk meredamnya. Batasan penelitian mencakup situasi geopolitik di Timur Tengah ketika Kesultanan Turki Utsmani menduduki dominasi kekuasaan tertinggi berasaskan hukum Islam di bawah kepemimpinan Sultan Sulaiman Al-Qonuni. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini lebih mengedepankan kepada metode interpretasi terhadap teks. Data yang digunakan dalam acuan penelitian ini berasal dari berbagai sumber sekunder yaitu hasil-hasil penelitian yang telah terpublikasi seperti dalam bentuk buku. Pendekatan sejarah politik dan didukung dengan teori konflik oleh Karl Marx menjadi acuan penulisan penelitian ini. Analisis yang dihasilkan menunjukkan bahwa selama rentang masa Sultan Sulaiman Al-Qonuni berkuasa telah terjadi berbagai peristiwa pemberontakan yang mengancam internal kekuasaan negara, seperti pembangkangan Jan Bardi Al-Ghazali di Syam, pemberontakan Syi’ah di bawah komando Baba Dzunnun dan Qalandar Jalabi, Sultan Tahmasab Syafawi, serta Katolik Portugis. Konsolidasi yang terjadi mengakibatkan ketegangan politik di dalam internal kerajaan meskipun semua dapat diredam oleh sang sultan
Pemikiran Muhammad Abid Al-Jabiri Tentang Kedudukan Agama Dalam Negara
No full textThis study discusses the thoughts of Muhammad Abid Al-Jabiri about the position of
religion in the State which is a research on the thoughts of the figures. The method used
in this paper is a library research method using two sources, namely primary sources of
the main books of scientific works of figures and secondary sources of books related to
the title as supporters in the scientific work. In this study, three formulations of the
problem are presented so that they become a reference for the author, namely: First, how
is the relationship between religion and the state in historical times? Second, how is the
relationship between religion in the state according to Muhammad Abid Al-Jabiri's view?
Third, what are the weaknesses and strengths of Muhammad Abid Al-Jabiri's view? With
the three main issues above, it can be the formulation of the fundamental problem in this
research, so that it is found that the relationship between religion and the State in
historical times, from the time of the Prophet to Khulafaurrasydin, many policies are
taken that have a mutually beneficial relationship between religion and the State, will but
in the post-Khulafaurasyidin era, Islam experienced a setback like during the Umayyad
and Bani Abbas. Furthermore, during the Ottoman period European influences began to
enter and Mustafa Kemal began to throw away all those labeled as religion and develop a
Western way of life. He was the first to carry out massive Secularization. While the
relationship between religion and the State according to Muhammad Abid Al-Jabiri in
Islam religion is an individual matter so that the relationship between the individual and
God is a direct relationship without intermediaries. Separating religion from politics in
the sense of avoiding the functionalization of religion and political goals and the
consideration that religion is absolutely permanent while politics is relativ and changing.
Politics is driven by individual and group interests while religion must be cleaned of
political matters because of the Prophet Muhammad. since the early period of his da'wah
he had no desire to establish a state and there is no evidence to base this problem on,
either in the Hadith or in the narrations of the companions. Then about the weaknesses
and strengths of Muhammad Abid Al- Jabiri's thinking, not politicizing religion to gain
power, according to him, there are also Islamic values in democracy as well as criticism
of Arab practice politics which offers a useful concept to give direction to the ArabIslamic region in particular. and Muslims in general. Weaknesses in Al-Jabiri's opinion
are ahistorical practices in which statements are not clear and the references are inaccurate and he places the issue of religion as an individual matter. It is feared that
religion as an individual affair will deviate from the boundaries and moral values in
accordance with human nature regulated by religion., while humans make rules only by
their will
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