22 research outputs found
Production of steroidal alkaloids by hairy roots of Solanum aviculare and the effect of gibberellic acid
No full textMengungkap Istilah-istilah Khusus dalam Tiga Rumpun Kitab Fikih Shāfi‘īyyah
Get PDFAbstract: Describing the Specific Terms in the Three Shāfi‘iyyah Jurisprudence Books. There are at least three kategories of Shāfi‘iyyah books that are widely used, especially in pesantren as well as Islamic Universities, namely: the book of Muḥarrar written by Imām Rāfi‘ī (d. 623 AD H./1226), Taqrīb book (Mukhtaṣar) by Abū Shujā' (d. 593 AH), and Qurrah al-‘Aynī, written by Zayn al-Dīn al-Malībarī (d. 987 AD H./1579). In Shafiite jurisprudence, it is found many specific terms that related to self-author initials, fatwā maker (muftī), writer, or commentator, either in the form of name, title, life history (biography). Knowing those specific terms, will provide a significant contribution in understanding any statement expressed by the author. Thus, will erase misinterpretation of the reader and the reviewer.Keywords: jurisprudence Shāfi‘iyyah, Muharrar, Taqrīb, Qurrah al-AynīAbstrak: Mengungkap Istilah-istilah Khusus dalam Tiga Rumpun Kitab Fikih Shāfi‘īyyah. Setidaknya ada tiga rumpun kitab fikih mazhab Shāfi‘ī yang banyak digunakan, terutama dalam tradisi pesantren Indonesia, tidak terkecuali di Perguruan Tinggi Islam yaitu: kitab Muharrar karangan Imām Rāfi‘ī (w. 623 H./1226 M.), kitab Taqrīb (Mukhtaṣar) karya Abū Shujā’ (w. 593 H.), dan Qurrah al-’Aynī ditulis Zayn al-Dīn al-Malībārī (w. 987 H./1579 M.). Dalam kitab fikih Shāfi‘īyyah banyak didapati istilah-istilah khusus, yang berhubungan dengan inisial diri pengarang, pembuat fatwa (muftī), penulis atau komentator, baik berupa nama, gelar, sejarah hidupnya (biografinya), dan sebagainya. Penguasaan istilah-istilah khusus semacam ini akan memberi kontribusi besar dalam memahami setiap statemen yang dikehendaki pengarang yang pada akhirnya pembaca dan pengkaji kitab fikih terhindar dari kesalahan interpretasi.Kata Kunci: fikih Shāfi‘iyyah, Muharrar, Taqrīb, Qurrah al-Aynī</p
Implementasi Kaidahla Yunkiru Tagayyur Al-ahkam Bitagayyur Al-azman Wa Al-ahwal Dalam Ibadah Di Masa Pandemi
No full textCovid 19, which spread on the earth, changed the whole social order, be it economics, education, politics, health and even the way of Muslims, especially worship. This is caused by an emergency requiring everyone not to carry out activities outside the home, so that the impact on all worship activities that should be carried out by worshiping in the mosque must be avoided. In this article the author tries to explore changes in law if viewed from the side of the rule “La Yunkiru Tag{ayyur Al-Ahkam Bitag{ayyur Al-Azman wa Al-Ahwal” (not denied the change in a law due to the eruption of the times and circumstances) during a pandemic. This principle becomes the basis of the flexibility of Islamic law in accordance with the development and conditions of the times. So that Islamic law is always present as a law in accordance with human history throughout the ages from the time of Adam to the end of time. Islam is always suitable and in accordance with all climates and all nations throughout the world. It is a religion that remains perfect when faced with all the changes that are continually there. Islam comes with ease and flexibility, not a religion that has not been stagnant when responding to changing timesKey words: Covid 19, Islamic Law, Changing Times Covid 19 yang merebak di bumi merubah tatanan bermasyarakat seluruhnya, baik ekonomi, pendidikan, politik, kesehatan bahkan cara umat Islam beragama khususnya ibadah. Ini oleh akibatkan olehkondisi darurat menuntut setiap orang untuk tidak melakukan aktivitas di luar rumah, sehingga berdampak pada seluruh aktivitas ibadah yang harusnya dilaksanakan dengan caraberjamaah di masjid harus dihindari.Dalam artikel ini penulis mencoba menggali Perubahan hukum jika ditinjau dari sisi kaidah “La Yunkiru Tagayyur Al-Ahkam Bitagayyur Al-Azman wa Al-Ahwal”(tidak diingkari berubahnya sebuah hukum disebabkan karena berubanhya zaman dan keadaan) di masa pandemi.Kaidah ini menjadi dasar fleksibelitas syariat Islam yang sesuai dengan perkembangan dan keadaan zaman.Sehingga syariat Islam selalu hadir sebagai syariat yang sesuai dengan sejarah manusia sepanjangzaman sejak masaNabi Adam hingga manusia akhir zaman.Islam selalu cocok dan sesuai dengan segala iklim dan segala bangsa di seluruh dunia.Ia agama yang tetap sempurna ketika dihadapkan pada segala Perubahan yang terus menerus ada. Islam datang dengan kemudahan dan keluwesan bukan agama yang jumud (stagnan) tidak bisa berkembang saat merespon Perubahan keadaan zaman
Intellectual property laws and Islam in Malaysia.
No full textPhDThis study is undertaken on the premise that Islam and Islamic law is to be taken into
serious consideration in any future legislative reform of laws in Malaysia. Islam being
the religion of the country and the strong religious sentiment of the Muslims (who
form the majority in Malaysia) cannot be overlooked or dismissed lightly by the
legislators in Malaysia. Reformation of intellectual property laws is timely, as we are
now approaching to the dateline set by GATF-Trips agreement which aim is to
improve our standard of intellectual property protection. This study seeks to analyze
and evaluate the current legislation pertaining to intellectual property in Malaysia in
terms of the philosophy and rules governing the existence, ownership and exercise of
these rights and their consistency and inconsistency with Islam and Islamic law. The
main objective of this study is to prove that a coherent and logical conceptual
framework of ownership of intellectual property can be derived from an Islamic
perspective which not only offers the basis of rights but also defines the scope of
these rights. From the point of ownership of rights, support can be obtained from the
normative framework of property rights within the traditional classification of 'mal'
(property) and 'haqq al-milkiyyah' (ownership rights) under Islamic law. From the
point of exercise of rights, the exact scope can be defined from the analysis of
fundamental concepts which have been developed by Muslim jurists. It has been
established that Islam and Islamic law offers a sound and systematic paradigm, which
in deeper analysis, can satisfy both our current obligations under international
treatises, as well as our responsibility to practise our religion to the fullest
Municipal solid waste or MSW has potency to be decomposed by microorganisms and trasformed into compost. The waste contains 60%-75% of organic materials C, H, O, and N. The aim of this research was to develop a simulation model based on mathematical equations describing the phenomenon of the composting. The population of microorganisms , the rate of O2 consumption , the rate of CO2 production , the rate of H2O production, the rate of carbon nitrogen ratio or C/N, and temperature were the variables tested in this research. Validation was carried out by comparing datum of simulation model with datum of composting. Simulation model was declared valid if the values of each parameter were r2 > 0.75, the total value of Err was closed to zero, and the distribution of Err was independent to time. The sensitivity test was analyzed by comparing the value changes of variable tied with the value changes of free variable. Correction from the simulation model in predicting the microorganism population, CO2, O2, and temperature could be expressed respectively as y’ = 1.06(y-1.003), y’ = 1.07(y+ 0.07), y’ = 1.02(y+ 0.05), and y’ = 1.02(y - 1.05). The temperature, the C/N and the rate of O2 consumption were sensitive to the changes of microorganism population and the radius of the bioreactor. Key words: composting, organic materials, simulation, bioreactor
No full textMunicipal solid waste or MSW has potency to be decomposed by microorganisms and trasformed into compost. The waste contains 60%-75% of organic materials C, H, O, and N. The aim of this research was to develop a simulation model based on mathematical equations describing the phenomenon of the composting. The population of microorganisms , the rate of O2 consumption , the rate of CO2 production , the rate of H2O production, the rate of carbon nitrogen ratio or C/N, and temperature were the variables tested in this research. Validation was carried out by comparing datum of simulation model with datum of composting. Simulation model was declared valid if the values of each parameter were r2 > 0.75, the total value of Err was closed to zero, and the distribution of Err was independent to time. The sensitivity test was analyzed by comparing the value changes of variable tied with the value changes of free variable. Correction from the simulation model in predicting the microorganism population, CO2, O2, and temperature could be expressed respectively as y’ = 1.06(y-1.003), y’ = 1.07(y+ 0.07), y’ = 1.02(y+ 0.05), and y’ = 1.02(y - 1.05). The temperature, the C/N and the rate of O2 consumption were sensitive to the changes of microorganism population and the radius of the bioreactor. Key words: composting, organic materials, simulation, bioreacto
An edition of Diwan al-Ahkam al-kubra by `Isa b. Sahl (d. 486 A.H / 1144)
Get PDFThe title of this thesis is "An Edition of Diwan Al Ahkam
al-Kubra by `Isa b. Sahl Abi al-Asbag who died in the year 486 A. H.
1093. A. D. This work consists of two parts. The first part is the
Arabic text, and the second is the English introduction.
This thesis as a whole was intended to become three volumes but
only the original copy is now in three volumes and the photocopies
are in two volumes.
The first volume ended at page number 727 and the second started
with the subject of “Sura fima Tahalaf...” 11 page number 728 to the end
of the Arabic text.
The Arabic text contains the Arabic index of Diwan al-Ahkam
al-Kubra, a few loose pages found with this book, the whole material
of the master copy and all the additional pages found in copies R and
A.
The present Arabic text is the photocopy of a manuscript which
was procured from The National Library in Algeria. It was listed under
No. 1332, and it was used as a master copy of this thesis.
The other nine copies have been utilised as supplementary material
for the purpose of checking evidence, of comparing variants and for
verification, where difficulties occurred in reading some lines or
illegible words in the master copy.
The English part consists of six chapters.
The first chapter provides general information as an introduction
to this thesis in locating the master copy, and the other copies.
The second chapter provides an idea of A1-Awza’iy's doctrines
in Andalusia during Abu A1-Asbag’s time, and how these doctrines
appeared in Andalusia. Imam Malik's doctrines were discussed, and
so was the method of how it was introduced there before the 'Isa b.
Sahl's time.
General ideas about Imam Malik and Abu Hanifa, their life and opinions,
their schools in al-Madina and Iraq, and their different legal opinions
were examined in this chapter. Also included in the chapter, is the
influence of Malik's doctrines through his students, who introduced
the doctrines into Andalusia.
Also incorporated was the question of Egypt and her part in
advancing Malik's doctrines into Andalusia, with reference to what
was found in Abu al-Asbag's book, as a part of the establishment of
Malik's doctrines in Andalusia and North Africa.
The question of Al-Si`a’s doctrines in North Africa and Andalusia
as a different school from the Sunna which began to reveal itself
through the conflict between the other Sunna schools (Awza`iy, Maliki
and Hanafi) was analysed.
The third chapter concerned Legal organisation in Andalusia, the
Powers and the Obligations of jurists. We referred in this chapter to
Abu al-Asbag's words in his book and how-the legal procedures were
organized during his lifetime.
The duties and responsibilities of the judges in their different
capacities were mentioned and evaluated in this section of the chapter,
with reference to the legal cases of Abu al-Asbag's. There is a general
examination of the various kinds of legal offices pertaining to the
judges, such as Sahib al-Mawarit, Sahib al-Surta, and Sahib al-Madina.
Mention was also made of some judges who held legal positions such as
Sahib al-Bahar and Sahib al-Sika. Various forms of punishment were
looked at with respect to individual crime, as issuing from the
administration of legal authority.
The fourth chapter deals with the author of the MS, his name,
surname, place and date of birth, his teachers, qualifications for
the legal profession, his journeys, his students, his later years and
his death.
There was the attempt to elucidate the historical evidence concerning
the life and activity of the author, by employing both ancient
and modern references available in and outwith Great Britain.
The author's legal statements were quoted in order to give an idea
about his legal practices. At the end of this chapter the conclusion
was reached that Abu al-Asbag was a very well-known scholar, judge,
jurist and legal adviser to the ruler. A few paragraphs were quoted
showing the high esteem in which he was held.
The fifth chapter of the thesis is given over to an analysis and
a description of the Algerian copy (No. 1332) as a master copy. -
A description of the other copies (R, A, B, D, H, F, S, The
Royal Copy No. 2501, the missing copy No. 464D, and copy M) were given
in full detail, with the different title of each copy.
At the end of the chapter a key to the Arabic text is given.
The sixth chapter deals with the classification of the legal topics
covered in the author's book and their relationship to the Iraqi Laws,
with consideration of the necessary legal topics.
The thesis also deals with the author's legal opinions and his
colleagues. It examines the author's conception of Islamic Law and
Islamic Jurisprudence in Andalusia during the Muslim times. Also
contained are photocopies of the first and the last pages of all MSS
used in the work
DIALEKTIKA FEMINIS INDONESIA TERHADAP UNDANG-UNDANG POLIGAMI: Nalar Kritis KH Husein Muhammad Terhadap Kompilasi Hukum Islam dalam Perspektif Tafsir Ahkam
No full textThis study aims to trace Husein Muhammad’s reason thinking, Indonesian feminist Kyai in the case of licensing polygamy according to the Compilation of Islamic Law. Husein Muhammad is one of the pesantren kiai who is intense in gender issues. The idea offered by Husein Muhammad is reinterpretation of gender-biased legal issues in the hope that it can be used as a guide and guide in dealing with particular problems at the present time. This study seeks to unravel the views of KH. Husein Muhammad on gender justice in polygamy permits. This research is a qualitative research literature (library research). The technique used in analyzing the data in this study, using descriptive-analytical method, to describe in general the thoughts of Husein Muhammad. The data for this research are books written by Husein Muhammad and interviews with him. This study concludes that Husein Muhammad's method of thinking in rejecting the rules for licensing polygamy according to the rules of the Compilation of Islamic Law is based on the concepts of selection (intiqo-iy) and exploration (ijtihad). These two concepts are oriented towards the concept of protecting and providing a sense of justice for women which can be integrated into Indonesian positive law.
Keywords: Feminist kyai, Critical reasoning, Polygamy laws
Daftar Pustaka
Al Amin, Habibi. "Guardians Concept in Qur'an Perspective." Shakhsiyah Burhaniyah: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Islam 6.1 (2021): 95-114.
Al Amin, Habibi. "Penciptaan Adam; Mendialogkan TafsiR Marah Labid dengan Teori Keadilan Gender." An-Nuha: Jurnal Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Budaya Dan Sosial 1.1 (2014): 17-44.
Al Amin, Habibi. "Tafsir Sufi Lata’ if al-Isyarat." SUHUF 9.1 (2016): 59-77.
Al-Husaini, Taqiyuddin Abi Bakar Muhammad, Kifayatul Akhyar Fi Halli Ghayatil Ikhtishar, Indonesia: Haramain Jaya Indonesia, 2005.
Al-Kasani, Alauddin Abi Bakar bin Mas’ud, Bada’i Sana’i Fi Tartibi Syara’i, Beirut: Darul Kutub, 2003.
Al-Maliki, Alwi Abbas Ibanah al-Ahkam, Beirut: Darul Fikr, 1996.
Al-Qozwaini, Abdullah Muhammad bin Yazid, Sunan Ibnu Majah, Beirut: Darul Fikr, tt.
Al-Syairazi, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Ali, Al-Muhadzdhab, Beirut: Darul Kutub, 1995.
Al-Syarkhasi, Syamsuddin Abu Bakr Muhammad, Al-Mabsuth, Beirut: Darul Makrifah, tt.
Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah, Terj. Agus Effendi dan Bahruddin Fananny, Zakat Kajian Berbagai Madzhab, Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2008.
_________________, Terj. Abdul Hayyie al-Kattani, dkk, Fiqih Islam Wa Adillatuhu, Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2011.
An-Nawawi, Abu Zakaria Muhyiddin bin Syaraf, Al-Majmu’, Beirut: Darul Fikr, tt.
Arikunto, Suharsimi, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2006.
As’at, Kamran dkk, Fiqh Ibadah, Jakarta: Amzah, 2009.
Ash-Sajastany, Abi Dawud Sulaiman Ibn Ash’as, Sunan Abi Dawud, Beirut: Darul Fikr, 1994.
Ash-Shiddieqy, M. Hasbi, Pedoman Zakat, Semarang: Pustaka Rizki Putra, 2009.
Ash-Syaukani, Muhammad bin Ali bin Muhammad Nailul Author, Beirut: Darul Fikr, 1983.
Taufiqurrahman, Zaky Fajar, and Habibi Al Amin. "Desain Pembelajaran Literasi Kitab Kuning Melalui Metode Sorogan dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Agama Islam." Syntax Literate; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 6.2 (2021): 1467-1474.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melacak metode berpikir Husein Muhammad, Kyai feminis Indonesia dalam kasus perizinan poligami menurut Kompilasi hukum Islam. Husein Muhammad merupakan salah satu kiai pesantren yang intens dalam isu gender. gagasan yang ditawarkan oleh Husein Muhammad adalah penafsiran ulang (reinterpretasi) terhadap persoalan hukum yang bias gender dengan harapan bisa dijadikan petunjuk dan pedoman dalam menghadapi permasalahan partikular pada masa sekarang. Penelitian ini berusaha mengurai pandangan KH. Husein Muhammad tentang keadilan gender dalam izin poligami. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif kepustakaan (library research). Adapun teknik yang digunakan dalam menganalisa data dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan metode deskriptif-analisis, untuk memaparkan secara umum pemikiran Husein Muhammad. Data penelitian ini adalah buku-buku karangan Husein Muhammad dan wawancara dengannya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa metode berpikir Husein Muhammad dalam menolak aturan perizinan poligami menurut aturan Kompilasi hukum Islam adalah mendasarkan pada konsep seleksi (intiqo-iy) dan eksplorasi (ijtihad). Dua konsep ini berorientasi pada konsep melindungi dan memberikan rasa adil bagi kaum perempuan yang dapat diintegrasikan dalam hukum positif indonesia.
Kata kunci: kyai feminis, Nalar kritis, Undang-undang poligami.
Daftar Pustaka
Al Amin, Habibi. "Guardians Concept in Qur'an Perspective." Shakhsiyah Burhaniyah: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Islam 6.1 (2021): 95-114.
Al Amin, Habibi. "Penciptaan Adam; Mendialogkan TafsiR Marah Labid dengan Teori Keadilan Gender." An-Nuha: Jurnal Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Budaya Dan Sosial 1.1 (2014): 17-44.
Al Amin, Habibi. "Tafsir Sufi Lata’ if al-Isyarat." SUHUF 9.1 (2016): 59-77.
Al-Husaini, Taqiyuddin Abi Bakar Muhammad, Kifayatul Akhyar Fi Halli Ghayatil Ikhtishar, Indonesia: Haramain Jaya Indonesia, 2005.
Al-Kasani, Alauddin Abi Bakar bin Mas’ud, Bada’i Sana’i Fi Tartibi Syara’i, Beirut: Darul Kutub, 2003.
Al-Maliki, Alwi Abbas Ibanah al-Ahkam, Beirut: Darul Fikr, 1996.
Al-Qozwaini, Abdullah Muhammad bin Yazid, Sunan Ibnu Majah, Beirut: Darul Fikr, tt.
Al-Syairazi, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Ali, Al-Muhadzdhab, Beirut: Darul Kutub, 1995.
Al-Syarkhasi, Syamsuddin Abu Bakr Muhammad, Al-Mabsuth, Beirut: Darul Makrifah, tt.
Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah, Terj. Agus Effendi dan Bahruddin Fananny, Zakat Kajian Berbagai Madzhab, Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2008.
_________________, Terj. Abdul Hayyie al-Kattani, dkk, Fiqih Islam Wa Adillatuhu, Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2011.
An-Nawawi, Abu Zakaria Muhyiddin bin Syaraf, Al-Majmu’, Beirut: Darul Fikr, tt.
Arikunto, Suharsimi, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2006.
As’at, Kamran dkk, Fiqh Ibadah, Jakarta: Amzah, 2009.
Ash-Sajastany, Abi Dawud Sulaiman Ibn Ash’as, Sunan Abi Dawud, Beirut: Darul Fikr, 1994.
Ash-Shiddieqy, M. Hasbi, Pedoman Zakat, Semarang: Pustaka Rizki Putra, 2009.
Ash-Syaukani, Muhammad bin Ali bin Muhammad Nailul Author, Beirut: Darul Fikr, 1983.
Taufiqurrahman, Zaky Fajar, and Habibi Al Amin. "Desain Pembelajaran Literasi Kitab Kuning Melalui Metode Sorogan dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Agama Islam." Syntax Literate; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 6.2 (2021): 1467-1474.
 
