68 research outputs found
'Fatherless' of Mohammad Mosavat: The cultural event of the Iranian spring
No full textThe following is a psychoanalytic commentary about a play recently performed in Tehran (Iran) followed by an interview with its author, Mohammad Mosavat. The co-signatories both attended a performance of this play. Invited by Shahid Behesti, Alzahra, and Shiraz Universities for many public lectures and supervisions, the French psychoanalyst Jean-Luc Vannier signs the commentary while the interview and the translation were conducted by the Iranian psychoanalyst in training at the Freudian Group of Tehran, Mahyar Ali Naghi
Microbial Systems Ecology to Understand Cross-Feeding in Microbiomes.
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding how microorganism-microorganism interactions shape microbial assemblages is a key to deciphering the evolution of dependencies and co-existence in complex microbiomes. Metabolic dependencies in cross-feeding exist in microbial communities and can at least partially determine microbial community composition. To parry the complexity and experimental limitations caused by the large number of possible interactions, new concepts from systems biology aim to decipher how the components of a system interact with each other. The idea that cross-feeding does impact microbiome assemblages has developed both theoretically and empirically, following a systems biology framework applied to microbial communities, formalized as microbial systems ecology (MSE) and relying on integrated-omics data. This framework merges cellular and community scales and offers new avenues to untangle microbial coexistence primarily by metabolic modeling, one of the main approaches used for mechanistic studies. In this mini-review, we first give a concise explanation of microbial cross-feeding. We then discuss how MSE can enable progress in microbial research. Finally, we provide an overview of a MSE framework mostly based on genome-scale metabolic-network reconstruction that combines top-down and bottom-up approaches to assess the molecular mechanisms of deterministic processes of microbial community assembly that is particularly suitable for use in synthetic biology and microbiome engineering
Influence des facteurs physiques et anthropiques sur les teneurs en nitrate des eaux souterraines dans une petite région agricole méditerranéenne. Diagnostic et approche multidisciplinaire des mécanismes
No full textNational audienc
Jean-Claude Maleval's Psychoanalytical Conversations say a lot about psychoses
No full textPublished by Érès with the support of the Centre national du livre, the simple review of the introduction to this collection would already be satisfying. Not that the “revised and expanded” texts proposed by Jean-Claude Maleval are of limited interest. Quite the contrary. However, the dozen or so pages that open these Psychoanalytical Conversations with Ordinary and Extraordinary Psychotics contain assertions and other clinical innovations capable of shaking the doctrinal tree. Certainly, there is no surprise in this author''s constant and incisive criticism of the “dead end of the descriptive strategy” adopted by successive DSMs and reduced to independent of human history and cultural variations”. Moreover, this in an environment characterized by a “spectacular” increase in requests for psychoanalysis by subjects with a psychotic structure. The clinician briefly explains the reasons: the introduction of the diagnosis of ordinary psychosis, the sharpening of its identification and a better knowledge of the conduct of the treatment. A trend reinforced a contrario by the negative effects of a “deterioration of the conditions in which patients receive in psychiatric institutions”
Clinical and epidemiological aspects of animal coronavirosis. Discussion
No full textThe author reviews the current clinical and epidemiological data on human and animal coronaviruses. The clinical
expression of coronavirus infections is associated to their tissue tropism which varies from one virus to
another (digestive and respiratory epithelia, nervous tissue, liver, peritoneum, pleura…). The tissue specificity
is generally well defined and interspecies transmission appears to be very limited.
Two porcine coronaviruses provide a particularly interesting illustration of one of the hypotheses on the origin
of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome): porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) and
Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCV), responsible for acute digestive disorders and pneumonia-like respiratory
disorders, respectively.
TGEV, first described in 1946, causes severe enteritis, especially in young piglets where the mortality rate is
100% ; its tissue tropism is mainly enteric and only mildly respiratory. PRCV, which appeared in 1986, causes
extremely contagious but much less pathogenic respiratory disorders than TGEV. Molecular biology studies showed
that this virus is a TGEV mutant, with a deletion on 2 RNA sites which changed its tropism radically to
being predominantly respiratory and only mildly enteric, along with reduced virulence and enhanced contagiosity
(mainly airborne transmission).
The PRCV epizoonosis coincided with the disappearance of TGEV, which suggests a cross-vaccination phenomenon,
supported by the close antigenic relationship between the 2 viruses.L'auteur présente un panorama
d'ensemble des coronavirus animaux et humains sous leurs aspects épidémiologiques et
cliniques. Les manifestations cliniques qu'ils entraînent sont liées à leur tropisme
tissulaire variable (épithéliums digestifs ou respiratoires, tissus nerveux, foie,
péritoine, plèvre...) ; la spécificité de tissus est en général assez marquée et le passage
d'une espèce à une autre très limité. Un exemple est particulièrement développé dans le
cadre des hypothèses que l'on peut formuler sur l'origine du SRAS, celui de deux maladies à
coronavirus du porc, la gastro-entérite transmissible (GET) et le coronavirus respiratoire
porcin (CRVP) responsable de troubles respiratoires proches des pneumonies. La GET décrite
depuis 1946 se traduit par des entérites graves, surtout chez le jeune où la mortalité est
de 100 % ; le tropisme du virus est essentiellement intestinal et très peu respiratoire. Le
CVRP, apparu en 1986, est extrêmement contagieux mais beaucoup moins pathogène, il cause des
troubles respiratoires. Les études de biologie moléculaire montrent que c'est un virus GET
mutant avec une délétion sur deux sites de l'ARN ; cette mutation a entraîné un changement
radical du tropisme devenu respiratoire et faiblement intestinal, une diminution de la
virulence et une contagiosité accrue (voie aérienne). L'apparition de l'épizootie de CVRP a
coïncidé avec la disparition du GET, ce qui laisse penser à un phénomène de vaccination
croisée que la parenté étroite des virus rend assez vraisemblable
L’involontaire psychique du Projet Professionnel Personnalisé
No full textL’instauration du PPP répond à un double souci d’orientation professionnelle et d’accompagnement personnalisé de l’étudiant. Pour peu qu’il soit mis en œuvre par un spécialiste de la psyché avec l’assentiment bienveillant de l’équipe enseignante, ce second volet ouvre sur une série de phénomènes psychiques et d’expériences transférentielles dignes d’intérêt pour la communauté pédagogique. Il révèle surtout cette dimension sous-jacente et inconsciente de l’encadrement, voire celle de la « prise en charge » et de ce « savoir insu », autant d’éléments recherchés par les étudiants qui s’inscrivent dans les IUT. Cet aspect apparaît amplement au point de devenir lui-même objet du séminaire et sujet de débats dans les différents exercices, dynamiques de groupe, travaux de présentations et exposés oraux accomplis au cours de l’année. On ne peut d’ailleurs que constater une « demande », le plus souvent explicite, des étudiants sur ce fragment d’eux-mêmes auquel ils semblent attacher une grande importance pour leur réussite sur le marché de l’emploi. En conséquence et à titre de témoignage, l’auteur se propose de communiquer les résultats de son travail en la matière dans les différents départements de l’IUT de Nice Sophia Antipolis où il enseigne depuis plusieurs années (Techniques de Commercialisation, Gestion des Administrations et des Entreprises, Carrières Sociales).The introduction of PPP serves the student in two ways : 1. with vocational guidance and 2. with personalized support. When the program is implemented by a specialist of psychology along with the support of the faculty, this second part opens a wide range of psychological phenomena and transferential experiences that would be of interest to the educational community as a whole. It especially reveals the underlying and unconscious dimension of this structure and the dynamic involved in it, even that of the desire for support including the “unknown knowledge” ; all of which is sought after by the students enrolled in IUT. Eventually this aspect in itself grows to the point of becoming the topic of the seminars and the subject of debates in various exercises, group dynamics, work and oral presentations made during the academic year. We will also see often explicit “application” of this fragment of themselves from the students to which they give great importance both on their way and in the job market. Resultantly and as testimony the author proposes to present the results of his work in the different departments (TC, GEA and CS) where he has been teaching for several years
Cognition of God in the Speculative Mysticism of Meister Eckhart
No full textArtykuł jest prezentacją najważniejszych rysów teologii apofatycznej Mistrza Eckharta, która jest mocno zakorzeniona w myśli Pseudo-Dionizego Areopagity. Autor ukazuje swoistą dialektykę poznawalności i niepoznawalności Boga, ilustrując to obficie przykładami z Eckhartowych Kazań. W tekście został poruszony także inny, niezwykle istotny problem, a mianowicie relacji zakorzenionej w neoplatonizmie henologicznej wizji rzeczywistości Eckharta do chrześcijańskiej nauki o Trójcy Świętej. Autor przytacza tu opinię Marie-Anne Vannier, że Eckhart jest „wirtuozem teologii trynitarnej”, ale dodaje, że zawsze pozostawia on tu miejsce dla przeżywania Tajemnicy.The article is a presentation of the most important features of Meister Eckhart's apophatic theology that is firmly rooted in the thought of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. The author presents a kind of dialectic cognizability and uncognizability of God, illustrating this abundant examples of Eckhart's Sermons. In the text, another very important issue was also discussed, namely the relationship between Eckhart’s henological, rooted in Neo-Platonism, vision of reality and the Christian doctrine on the Trinity. The author has stated in the Marie-Anne Vannier's opinion, that Eckhart is a “Virtuoso of Trinitarian theology,” but adds that he always leaves a place to live the mystery
Cerebral atrophy in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease: rates and acceleration.
No full textOBJECTIVE: To quantify the regional and global cerebral atrophy rates and assess acceleration rates in healthy controls, subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjects with mild Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS: Using 0-, 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, and 36-month MRI scans of controls and subjects with MCI and AD from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, we calculated volume change of whole brain, hippocampus, and ventricles between all pairs of scans using the boundary shift integral. RESULTS: We found no evidence of acceleration in whole-brain atrophy rates in any group. There was evidence that hippocampal atrophy rates in MCI subjects accelerate by 0.22%/year2 on average (p = 0.037). There was evidence of acceleration in rates of ventricular enlargement in subjects with MCI (p = 0.001) and AD (p < 0.001), with rates estimated to increase by 0.27 mL/year2 (95% confidence interval 0.12, 0.43) and 0.88 mL/year2 (95% confidence interval 0.47, 1.29), respectively. A post hoc analysis suggested that the acceleration of hippocampal loss in MCI subjects was mainly driven by the MCI subjects that were observed to progress to clinical AD within 3 years of baseline, with this group showing hippocampal atrophy rate acceleration of 0.50%/year2 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The small acceleration rates suggest a long period of transition to the pathologic losses seen in clinical AD. The acceleration in hippocampal atrophy rates in MCI subjects in the ADNI seems to be driven by those MCI subjects who concurrently progressed to a clinical diagnosis of AD
En zone vulnérable (bassin de Carpentras), quelles unités intermédiaires d'analyse pour l'agronome et pour le géographe
No full text* INRA Centre d'Avignon, Documentation, Domaine St Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon cedex 9 Diffusion du document : INRA Centre d'Avignon, Documentation, Domaine St Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon cedex 9National audienc
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