1,721,181 research outputs found
The Apple doesn't Fall far from the Tree: Location of Start-Ups Relative to Incumbents
Full text linkNew firm location decisions, relative to incumbents may be based on a choice between two types of advantages: natural advantages or those that arise from social embeddedness, the latter of which may particularly include knowledge spillovers. We analyze the relative importance of geographically bounded location factors based on data from 103 manufacturing industries across 327 West German and 111 East German districts. Our micro-geographic analysis reveals that the two parts of the country vary in their pattern of new firm location. In East Germany, only 5 percent of the industries reveal start-up localization patterns beyond what natural advantages would suggest compared to 40 percent in West Germany.entrepreneurship, location decision, natural advantages, local knowledge spillovers
Demography and Innovative Entrepreneurship
Full text linkDemographic change will be one of the major challenges for economic policy in the developed world in the next decades. In this article, we analyze the relationship between age structure and the number of startups. We argue that an individual’s decision to start a business is determined by his or her age and, therefore, that a change in a region’s age distribution affects the expected number of startups in the region. Using German regional data, we estimate a count-data model and find that the expected number of startups is positively influenced by the fraction of individuals of working age—20–64 years old. A more detailed analysis of the working-age distribution suggests that startups in knowledge-based (high-tech) manufacturing industries are affected by changes in this distribution whereas firms in other industries are not. In particular, increases in the fraction of individuals in the 20–30 age range and individuals in the 40–50 age range have a positive effect on the number of high-tech startups.demography, age distribution, entrepreneurship, innovation, region
Wirtschaftspolitik in ländlichen Regionen
No full textLändlichen Gebieten wird im Vergleich zu Städten und verstädterten Räumen ein komparativer Nachteil hinsichtlich ihrer wirtschaftlichen Dynamik nachgesagt. So profitieren diese Gebiete allenfalls von den Ausstrahlungswirkungen benachbarter Agglomerationsräume, denen sie als verlängerte Werkbank dienen. Daneben existieren jedoch zahlreiche Beispiele ländlicher Gebiete, sog. Industrial Districts, in denen Netzwerke aus kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen in speziellen Nischenmärkten weltweit Marktführer sind. Diese ländlichen Gebiete weisen entgegen der obigen Vorhersage eine große Eigendynamik auf.Die Autoren des vorliegenden Bandes identifizierten in diesem Spannungsfeld charakteristische Standortfaktoren ländlicher Gebiete, die ihre dynamische Entwicklung begünstigen. Zu diesen Standortfaktoren gehören neben landschaftlichen Reizen insbesondere ausgeprägte soziale Strukturen, die der vorherrschenden kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmensstruktur zugute kommen. Aus ökonomischer Sicht führen die sozialen Bindungen zu Vertrauensverhältnissen, die formale Bindungen ersetzen können und damit zu Transaktionskostenersparnissen und hoher Flexibilität führen.Eine auf ländliche Gebiete ausgelegte erfolgreiche Wirtschaftspolitik muss an den gegebenen Strukturen ansetzen. Im Rahmen dieses Bandes werden hierzu verschiedene wirtschaftspolitische Strategien zur Förderung der Entwicklung ländlicher Regionen diskutiert. Der Begriff Wirtschaftspolitik wird hierbei weit ausgelegt und deckt somit auch Bereiche wie die Bildungspolitik oder die Arbeitsmarktpolitik ab
Slavery and Britain's industrial revolution
No full textTo what extent did the wealth derived from slavery contribute to Europe’s economic growth? Stephan Heblich, Stephen Redding and Hans-Joachim Voth find that slaveholding areas of Britain were less agricultural, closer to cotton mills, and had more property wealth. Not only did the slave trade affect the geography of economic development after 1750, it also accelerated the country’s industrial revolution
Fear of fracking: house price reactions to fracking in Britain
No full textPosted by Steve Gibbons (LSE, SERC); Stephan Heblich (University of Bristol, SERC); Esther Lho (Duke University); Christopher Timmins (Duke University, National Bureau of Economic Research) Earlier this month, the government gave approval for exploratory drilling and hydraulic fracturing – ‘fracking’ – for shale gas at two sites in Lancashire. This follows a similar decision for North Yorkshire earlier in the year.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Knowledge intensive Entrepreneurship across regions: Makes being a new industry a difference?
Full text linkThis paper investigates regional sources of entrepreneurial opportunities of knowledge-intensive start-up activity. Thereby it is investigated whether it makes a difference if the knowledge-intensive sector is a newly emerging industry compared to the case where its location across space could develop already over a long period of time. The analysis is on knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) in East and West Germany in the 1990s. At the time of German re-unification in 1990s in the former socialist East Germany no KIBS sector existed in contrast to West Germany. The findings indicate that being new to the region makes a difference.
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
It’s All in Marshall: The Impact of External Economies on Regional Dynamics
Full text linkMarshall's student Pigou noted: “It’s all in Marshall.” From a static point of view, this seems rather bold in a constantly changing world. However, this statement becomes more plausible in a dynamic context, where principles are subject to change. Indeed, over time, Marshall's concept of external economies gained fresh perspective as new concepts of regional characteristics and agglomeration evolved. This paper focuses on the impact of region and industry on dynamics and growth, distinguishing between industrial districts, industrial agglomerations and urban agglomerations. Based on these three types, we use a comprehensive large dataset on German regions to test the following: (1) these regions can be characterized by given location variables describing geographic location, firm structure, and surrounding location factors and (2) every region's locational variables affects its potential for dynamics.regional and urban development, agglomeration, industrial districts, location factors, external economies
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