950 research outputs found
The characterization of stone materials in the study of historic building techniques: the case of the Asinara towers
No full textThis study is part of a wider research on construction techniques of the coastal towers of Sardinia. It examines the three towers on the Asinara Island with the aim to identify the construction techniques and technologies through the characterization of stone materials and through subsequent identification and dating of the different phases of construction.
In order to rationalize and optimize data collection and processing it was helpful to set up and test a common protocol to all buildings which is also applicable to a larger scale.
The first phase of the protocol involved the archival research, mainly carried out in the Cagliari archives (Archivio di Stato, Archivio Storico, Archivio di manoscritti della Biblioteca Universitaria), and the documentation on the many bibliographical sources.
The next steps, carried out directly on the site, have allowed the metric and / or photogrammetric survey of the three towers, and reasoned sampling of interstitial mortars, plasters, waterproofing materials and stones used.
The absence of recent interventions or their easy location and demarcation, as well as the advanced state of decay has facilitated the retrieval of historical materials attributable to the original building.
The analysis of the samples was set by observing the following steps:
execution of photos of the samples with digital camera;
macroscopic analysis, performed in situ, in order to obtain information on the stratigraphic position of the sample, the characteristics of the color, the texture and the way of working;
petrographic analysis of thin section in transmitted light polarized (OM) and X-ray diffraction of samples such as to characterize the mineralogical composition of the aggregates and the binder;
disintegration of mortar sample in order to define the size distribution and the proportions of the binder/aggregate;
X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to define the mineralogical-petrographic composition of the binder, aggregates separated by particle size, partially burnt limestone and lumps of lime.
The synthesis of the tests carried out made it possible, through the comparison of results obtained with the historical sources, to deliver an exact determination of important data on the construction techniques used in the three towers and on their chronological articulation and also to deliver a first indication of degradation and the causes that originated them.
This constitutes a valuable basis on which to set appropriate readings of the historical text and make appropriate proposals for the restoration originated from a deep knowledge of historical materials and their application
Servizi pubblici locali e beni comuni
No full textQuesto lavoro è articolato in due parti. La prima parte ripercorre il disegno di liberalizzazione dei servizi pubblici locali in Italia a partire dagli anni Novanta, per confrontarlo con l’esito del referendum del 2011 e con il principale argomento dei suoi promotori, cioè il ricorso alla nozione di beni comuni con riferimento ai servizi pubblici locali. La seconda parte si inserisce nel dibattito avviato in altri saggi di questo volume (Denozza; Mori; Ranci; Sacconi) e analizza il contributo che il modello di governance di un’impresa cooperativa di utenti può dare all’offerta di servizi pubblici locali, in particolare quando si attribuisca a questi ultimi la caratteristica di beni comuni
Il sistema di torri costiere della Sardegna (XVI-XVII sec.). Forma, materia, tecniche murarie = The Sardinian coastal tower system (XVI-XVII century). Form, material and masonry techniques
No full textLe torri costiere della Sardegna. Metodiche per la conoscenza e la conservazione
No full textThis research focuses on the system of Sardinian coastal towers. With reference to these structures, it aims to investigate construction features and materials, with special emphasis on masonry techniques. Given the large number of towers, the study was organized in nine homogeneous districts, taking care to safeguard the specificity of the system. With the aim to evaluate several aspect of the topic, a multidisciplinary and integrated protocol was adopted. The towers have been studied from a historical, architectural, typological, technical and mineralogicalpetrographic point of view, based on a stratigraphical approach. Through cataloging and realization
of a GIS, it was possible to establish a dynamic and “multi-layer” comparison among the obtained results and then to deduce a critical synthesis. The multidisciplinary approach, integrated by innovative technological tools (like photomodeling techniques and GIS), reveals a methodology that could be used in other contexts and a larger scale. Furthermore, the acquisition and systematic cataloging of data on masonry techniques included in a well-defined and documented chronological context could be a valuable tool for conservation projects and provide important references to chronologically define architectures from the same age, which are not easily datable
The Sardinian coastal towers in the Mediterranean (16th-17th century): An archaeometrical approach for the study of masonry
No full textThe present study is part of wider research on the system of coastal towers in Sardinia aimed at investigating the material and construction features. Special emphasis was placed on the analysis of masonry techniques in the 16th and 17th century. This approach allowed us to achieve two different aims at the same time, that is: (1) to understand how a structure was made, and consequently to define a correct conservation project; (2) to identify typological and dimensional invariants referring to a specific geological context and period, able to represent ‘benchmarks’ that in the future can be useful tools for the comparison and dating of coeval structures, such as “minor architecture”, which are otherwise difficult to date. In the present paper, we examine 8 of the 105 towers, homogeneously distributed around the island. The selected cases synthesise common features and differences, referred to in any specific historical context. For the development of this study, a multidisciplinary protocol with an archaeometrical approach was adopted. Through cataloguing and the realisation of a GIS, it was possible to establish a dynamic comparison at several levels from the results obtained and then to arrive at a critical synthesis
The Western Sardinian coast defensive towers (16th-17th century): an interdisciplinary approach for the chronological definition of masonries
No full textThis study is part of an ongoing research aimed to examine a number of important defence towers situated along the western Sardinian coast, Italy, built in 16th-17th century. They have been studied through the analysis of masonries by an historical, architectural, technical and petrographical-chemical point of view, through a methodology based on a stratigraphical approach.
The main aim is the understanding of the traditional building techniques used during the above mentioned centuries, for warranting proper restoration projects
Le torri costiere della Sardegna nel Mediterraneo. Riferimenti culturali nella definizione delle tecniche costruttive murarie = The Sardinian coastal towers in the Mediterranean. Cultural references in the definition of masonry construction techniques
No full textLa ricerca verte sul sistema di torri costiere della Sardegna e mira a investigarne caratteristiche costruttive e materiche, ponendo un particolare accento sulle tecniche murarie. Visto il gran numero di fabbricati da analizzare, si è deciso di strutturare lo studio per zone omogenee avendo cura altresì di salvaguardare un’ottica onnicomprensiva che tenesse conto della specificità del sistema. A partire da una sistematica indagine in situ sono stati individuati nove casi rappresentativi, selezionati tra le torri appartenenti a un preciso ambito cronologico (XVI-XVII secolo). Con l’obiettivo di cogliere le numerose sfumature del tema trattato, si è scelto di adottare un protocollo multidisciplinare e integrato: le torri sono state studiate da un punto di vista storico, architettonico-tipologico, tecnico e minero-petrografico privilegiando un approccio di tipo stratigrafico calibrato sulle peculiarità dei casi trattati. La catalogazione, la georeferenziazione e l’inserimento in un sistema informativo territoriale hanno consentito di stabilire un confronto dinamico su più livelli e giungere quindi a una sintesi critica dei risultati ottenuti. L’approccio multidisciplinare, supportato dall’integrazione di strumenti tecnologici e tecnici innovativi, rivela una metodologia spendibile anche in altri contesti e a una scala più ampia. Inoltre l’acquisizione e catalogazione sistematica di dati relativi alle tecniche murarie inserite in un contesto cronologico ben definito e documentato potrebbe rappresentare un importante termine di confronto per la datazione di edifici coevi.The research focuses on the system of coastal towers in Sardinia. It aims to investigate construction and materials features, with particular emphasis on masonry techniques. Given the large number of buildings to analyze, we decided to structure the study in homogeneous districts taking care to safeguard a global perspective that preserved the specificity of the system. From a systematic investigation in situ, nine representative cases have been identified. They were have been selected from the towers belonging to a precise chronological period (16th-17th centuries).
With the aim to evaluate the many nuances of the topic, we decided to adopt a multidisciplinary and integrated protocol: the towers have been studied from a historical, architectural and typological, technical and mineral-petrographic point of view, opting for a stratigraphical approach tailored to peculiarities of the cases studied. By cataloging, georeferencing and inserting into a geographic information system was possible to establish a dynamic and multi-layer data comparison and thus to reach a critical synthesis of the obtained results. The multidisciplinary approach, supported by the integration of new technological tools, reveals an interesting methodology, which could be also available in other contexts and to a larger scale. Furthermore, the systematic data acquisition and processing of masonry techniques included in a well-defined and documented chronological context could be an important basis for the dating, by comparison, of contemporary buildings
Entrevista com Sheila Grillo: Análise de Discursos Comparativa no Brasil
No full textNo dia 12 do mês de abril de 2022, Sheila Vieira de Camargo Grillo, professora livre-docente e pesquisadora da FFLCH/USP, recebeu-nos, gentilmente, em sua casa, para a realização desta entrevista, por meio da qual pudemos ouvir a autora a respeito de alguns pontos essenciais de uma nova abordagem de investigação científica no Brasil, a Análise de Discursos Comparativa ou Análise do Discurso Contrastiva (denominação adotada na França, país de origem da abordagem). A professora Sheila Grillo, a partir das perguntas que lhe fizemos, discorreu, dentre outros aspectos, sobre o surgimento dos princípios epistemológicos da abordagem em nosso país, citou alguns de seus importantes eventos ocorridos até o presente momento, bem como nos falou acerca da importância de trabalhos desenvolvidos entre ela e demais pesquisadores do Grupo de Pesquisa Diálogo (CNPq/USP) com professores e pesquisadores do grupo CLESTHIA – axe sens et discours, da Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris 3. Desse modo, aproveitamos o espaço para agradecer à entrevistada pelo acolhimento e pelas informações disponibilizadas. Convidamos o leitor da Linha D’Água a apreciar o resultado deste trabalho.On April 12, 2022, Sheila Vieira de Camargo Grillo, a professor and researcher at the Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Literature, and Human Sciences of the University of São Paulo, kindly welcomed us to her home for this interview. We were able to hear the author talk about the essential points of a new approach to scientific investigation in Brazil, Comparative Discourse Analysis or Contrastive Discourse Analysis (the name adopted in France, where it originated). Professor Sheila Grillo, based on the questions we asked, spoke about, among other topics, the emergence of the epistemological principles of Comparative Discourse Analysis in Brazil, mentioned some of the important events that have taken place until 2022, and also told us about the importance of the work carried out between herself and other researchers from the Diálogo Research Group (CNPq/USP) with professors and researchers at CLESTHIA - axe sens et discours, from Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris 3. Thus, we take this opportunity to thank the interviewee for the welcoming reception and for the information provided. We invite the reader of Linha D\u27Água to appreciate the result of this work
Mutation in the Kinase Domain Alters the VEGFR2 Membrane Dynamics
No full textBackground: Recently, the substitution R1051Q in VEGFR2 has been described as a cancer-associated "gain of function" mutation. VEGFR2R1051Q phosphorylation is ligand-independent and enhances the activation of intracellular pathways and cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. In cancer, this mutation is found in heterozygosity, suggesting that an interaction between VEGFR2R1051Q and VEGFR2WT may occur and could explain, at least in part, how VEGFR2R1051Q acts to promote VEGFR2 signaling. Despite this, the biochemical/biophysical mechanism of the activation of VEGFR2R1051Q remains poorly understood. On these bases, the aim of our study is to address how VEGFR2R1051Q influences the biophysical behavior (dimerization and membrane dynamics) of the co-expressed VEGFR2WT. Methods: We employed quantitative FLIM/FRET and FRAP imaging techniques using CHO cells co-transfected with the two forms of VEGFR2 to mimic heterozygosity. Results: Membrane protein biotinylation reveals that VEGFR2WT is more exposed on the cell membrane with respect to VEGFR2R1051Q. The imaging analyses show the ability of VEGFR2WT to form heterodimers with VEGFR2R1051Q and this interaction alters its membrane dynamics. Indeed, when the co-expression of VEGFR2WT/VEGFR2R1051Q occurs, VEGFR2WT shows reduced lateral motility and a minor pool of mobile fraction. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that active VEGFR2R1051Q can affect the membrane behavior of the VEGFR2WT
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