1,720,983 research outputs found
''Exercise and longevity''
No full textGremeaux, Vincent | Gayda, Mathieu | Lepers, Romuald | Sosner, Philippe | Juneau, Martin | Nigam, AnilInternational audience''Aging is a natural and complex physiological process influenced by many factors, some of which are modifiable. As the number of older individuals continues to increase, it is important to develop interventions that can be easily implemented and contribute to "successful aging". In addition to a healthy diet and psychosocial well-being, the benefits of regular exercise on mortality, and the prevention and control of chronic disease affecting both life expectancy and quality of life are well established. We summarize the benefits of regular exercise on longevity, present the current knowledge regarding potential mechanisms, and outline the main recommendations. Exercise can partially reverse the effects of the aging process on physiological functions and preserve functional reserve in the elderly. Numerous studies have shown that maintaining a minimum quantity and quality of exercise decreases the risk of death, prevents the development of certain cancers, lowers the risk of osteoporosis and increases longevity. Training programs should include exercises aimed at improving cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle function, as well as flexibility and balance. Though the benefits of physical activity appear to be directly linked to the notion of training volume and intensity, further research is required in the elderly, in order to develop more precise recommendations, bearing in mind that the main aim is to foster long-term adherence to physical activity in this growing population. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All tights reserved.'
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Hypotensive effect of new exercise modalities in grade 1 or 2 hypertensive patients
No full textL’hypertension artérielle (HTA) est une pathologie fréquente à l’origine d’un grand nombre de complications cardiovasculaires. La sédentarité est aussi un facteur de risque important de morbi-mortalité cardiovasculaire, et à l’inverse, la pratique régulière d’une activité physique (AP) diminue très significativement ce risque, au-delà du bénéfice lié à la seule amélioration du niveau de pression artérielle (PA). L’AP est pour cela recommandée dans la prise en charge de l’HTA. Son action anti-hypertensive est observée en « aigu » au décours immédiat d’un exercice, mais aussi en « chronique » avec des adaptations induites par la répétition des séances : adaptations à la fois fonctionnelles (mécanismes de régulation de la PA) et structurelles (composants des vaisseaux). Face à la diversité des modalités d’AP disponibles (en aérobie ou en résistance, mode continu ou intermittent, à l’extérieur, en gymnase ou en piscine) et des envies et possibilités des patients, notre objectif était d’étudier, chez des personnes hypertendues, le bénéfice de modalités nouvelles (exercice intermittent à haute intensité (HIIE), exercice sur vélo en piscine), en privilégiant les mesures ambulatoires de PA. Notre recherche a ainsi identifié, par la réalisation d’une méta-analyse ainsi que de 3 études cliniques :A- concernant l’AP : 1- le bénéfice hypotenseur de l’HIIE au décours d’une session d’exercice, au décours d’un entraînement court de 2 semaines (3 sessions / semaine), et d’un programme complété de conseils diététiques de 9 mois (2 HIIE / semaine) ; 2- le bénéfice additionnel de sa pratique sur cyclo-ergomètre dans l’eau ; 3- un effet favorable sur la compliance artérielle (mesure de vitesse de l’onde de pouls, VOP). B- concernant le patient, des modérateurs favorables tels qu’une PA de repos ≥135/85 mm Hg, l’association de mesures diététiques. Ces éléments devraient contribuer à améliorer la prescription d’AP en cas d’HTA.High blood pressure is a common disease with many cardiovascular complications. Inactivity is also an important cardiovascular risk factor, and the regular practice of physical activity (PA) decreases very significantly this risk, more than the single improvement of blood pressure (BP). Therefore, PA is recommended for its contribution on the management of hypertension. The “acute” BP fall following a bout of exercise contributes to the “chronic” antihypertensive effect of physical training, by inducing both functional and structural adaptations (BP regulation systems and components of arterial wall, respectively). Face to the many modalities of PA (aerobic, strength, continuous or intermittent mode, outdoor, indoor or in swimming-pool) and to the desires and availabilities of the patient, we aimed to assess, in hypertensive individuals, the effect of new modes (high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE), cycling in immersed condition) using preferably ambulatory BP monitoring measures. Thereby, our research identified, through a meta-analysis and 3 clinical studies, the following results:A- regarding PA characteristics : 1- a BP decrease following one bout of HIIE, 2-week HIIE training (thrice a week) and 9-month HIIE training (twice a week) in a combined lifestyle program;2- an additional BP improvement in up-to-the chest immersed condition; 3- an improvement in arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV);B- regarding patient’s characteristics: favorable moderators such as a resting BP ≥135/85 mm Hg, or the association of diet intervention. These results should contribute to improve prescription of PA in hypertensive individuals
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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