69 research outputs found
Foreign bodies: a conversation between Yasmin Gunaratnam and Ali Eisa
No full textThis text is the result of several online conversations and an a-synchronous shared file. A process taking nearly two years. The incremental pace and long stretches of silence were invariably shaped by our struggles with workload, while joining industrial actions taken by the UK’s University and College Union over equitable pay, working conditions and pensions. Despite the runaway marketisation of university life, our exchanges were something of a shelter, holding those lovely moments that mark scholarly camaraderie – energising, provocative, dimly lit. As we are both interested in drawing political commitments into formats, we have opted for a conversation rather an interview, which feels like a more democratising form.
Yasmin Gunaratnam is a sociologist and yoga teacher. She is author of Researching Race and Ethnicity: Methods, Knowledge and Power and Death and the Migrant: Bodies, Borders, Care (Gunaratnam, 2013) and co-author of Go Home? The Politics of Immigration Controversies (Jones et al., 2017). She has edited numerous collections and journal issues. Yasmin is Chair in Social Justice at the School of Education, Community and Society, King’s College, London.
Ali Eisa is an artist and educator based in London. He is a Learning and Participation Manager at Autograph1 a visual arts charity supporting photography and film exploring identity, representation, rights and social justice. Ali is a lecturer in Fine Art at Goldsmiths and has a long-term collaborative artistic practice called Lloyd Corporation2, working with sculpture, installation, performance and participation, often taking inspiration from informal and local economies
An Investigation on Cd and Pb Concentrations of Soils around the Kurdistan Cement Factory in Western Iran
No full textHeavy metals, e.g. Cd and Pb emit and release into the environment during cement production and are deposited into soils. This research was carried out to determine the concentration and spatial distribution of trace elements in top soils around the Kurdistan Cement Factory, west of Iran in order to evaluate the effect of cement factory on the environment. Twentyfoursoil samples were collected from surface soils around the factory. Cadmium and lead concentrations in soil samples were determined using acid extraction procedure and atomic absorption spectrophotometric methods. Soils were sampled in four directions of north, south, west and east of cement factory and at intervals of 400 m to 800 m distance from the factory. Ordinary kriging technique in ArcGIS was performed to map the spatial patterns of heavy metals. The results showed that concentrations of Pb and Cd were weakly correlated with each other indicating these metals in soils may be from the different pollution source. No distinct spatial trends of Pb with its low accumulation in the soils demonstrate that Pb content was mainly influenced by soil factors. The spatial pattern of the cadmium showed that the cement factory emission has an impact on the soil’s cadmium content, since the highest level in area close to the cement factory. Estimated Pollution Load Index (PLI) showed that the soils around the factory were practically uncontaminated by metals
Risk assessment of non-carcinogenic effects of lead, cadmium, and zinc in Cyprinus carpio from Zarivar wetlan
No full textBackground and Aims: Fish consumption is an important route of human exposure to heavy metals. In order to assess the potential health risks associated with these contaminants due to fish consumption, fish samples of Cyprinus carpio were collected from Zarivar wetland. Materials and Methods: Atomic absorption spectroscopy was performed to determine the presence of metals. Cd and Pb were identified by graphite furnace technique, and flame technique was employed as a means of Zn identification. In this research, daily intake and hazard indices of heavy metals in fish muscle tissue samples were performed based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) fish consumption. Also ethical issues were considered during data collection and throughout the study.Results: The concentrations of heavy metals in muscle tissues were lower than allowable mean concentrations of international standards (WHO, FAO, MAFF and FDA). The Non-carcinogenic Hazard Quotient (NHQ) of all studied metals was less than 1.0. Non-carcinogenic hazard quotients (NHQ) for Cd, Pb, Zn in common carp were 0.036, 0.008, 0.039, also HI were 0.084.Conclusion: In conclusion, metal contents in this species are acceptable for human consumption from a toxicity point of view. HI in common carp was less than unity, suggesting that the consumption of the common carp is unlikely to cause any adverse health effects to consumers.Key words: Heavy Metals, World Standards, Daily Intake, Hazard Quotient, Common Car
ارزيابي ريسک عوارض غير سرطان زاي سرب، کادميوم و روي در کپور ماهي تالاب زريوار
No full textackground and Aims: Fish consumption is an important route of human exposure to heavy metals. In order to assess the potential health risks associated with these contaminants due to fish consumption, fish samples of Cyprinus carpio were collected from Zarivar wetland.Materials and Methods: Atomic absorption spectroscopy was performed to determine the presence of metals. Cd and Pb were identified by graphite furnace technique, and flame technique was employed as a means of Zn identification. In this research, daily intake and hazard indices of heavy metals in fish muscle tissue samples were performed based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) fish consumption. Also ethical issues were considered during data collection and throughout the study.Results: The concentrations of heavy metals in muscle tissues were lower than allowable mean concentrationsof international standards (WHO, FAO, MAFF and FDA). The Non-carcinogenic Hazard Quotient (NHQ) of all studied metals was less than 1.0. Non-carcinogenic hazard quotients (NHQ) for Cd, Pb, Zn in common carp were 0.036, 0.008, 0.039, also HI were 0.084.Conclusion: In conclusion, metal contents in this species are acceptable for human consumption from a toxicity point of view. HI in common carp was less than unity, suggesting that the consumption of the common carp is unlikely to cause any adverse health effects to consumers.زمينه و هدف: مصرف ماهي مسير مهمي از در معرض قرار گرفتن انسان با فلزات سنگين است. به منظور ارزيابي خطر بهداشتي بالقوه در ارتباط با اين آلايندهها ناشي از مصرف ماهي، نمونههاي کپور ماهي از تالاب زريوار جمعآوري شد.
مواد و روشها: طيف سنجي جذب اتمي براي تعيين حضور فلزات در نمونههاي ماهي انجام شد. فلزات کادميوم و سرب با استفاده از روش کوره گرافيتي شناسايي شده و فلز روي به روش شعله تشخيص داده شد. در اين پژوهش به منظور برآورد جذب روزانه و شاخصهاي خطر فلزات سنگين در نمونههاي بافت عضله ماهي، طبق روش آژانس حفاظت محيط زيست آمريکا براي مصرف ماهي عمل شد. همچنین مسائل اخلاقی در طول جمع آوری دادهها و در کل مطالعه در نظر گرفته شد.
يافتهها: غلظت فلزات سنگين در بافت عضله کمتر از غلظت مجاز استانداردهاي بين المللي (WHO، FAO، MAFF و FDA) بود. خطرپذيري غيرسرطاني براي همه فلزات کمتر از يک بود. مقادير کادميوم، سرب و روي براي خطرپذيري غيرسرطانزا به ترتيب 036/0، 008/0 و 039/0 بود، همچنين شاخص خطر 084/0 بود.
نتيجه گيري: از نتايج اين تحقيق برميآيد كه غلظت فلزات در اين گونه از نقطه نظر مسموميت، براي مصرف انسان قابل قبول است. شاخص خطر در ماهي کپور معمولي کمتر از يک بود. بنابراين مصرف ماهي کپور معمولي غيرمحتمل است که سبب بروز عوارض سوء بهداشتي براي مصرف کنندگان شود
ةقراشلا ةرامإ يف يرخصلا نفلا
No full textThe paper resumes the research done by the author reagrding the rock art in the Sharjah Emirate, UA
بررسی وجود آلودگی مس در لایه سطحی خاک تاکستان های ملایر
No full textBackground and Aims: Soil contamination by copper (Cu) very often occurs in the soil surface layer of vineyard cultivations, due to the heavy use of copper fungicides in order to protect against fungal grape diseases. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate copper concentration in the superficial layer of vineyard cultivation in Malayer, Iran, and also to prepare the pollution map of copper in this region.Materials and Methods: Twenty five surface soil samples (0-20 cm) of Malayer vineyard region were collected and consequently were subjected to Cu concentration assessment. Soil samples were air dried and sieved, and the categorized <0.149 mm fraction was used in subsequent digestion operation. The concentrations of Cu in extracted solutions were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The inverse distanceweighting (IDW) method was used to interpolate copper concentrations in the whole study area owing to the limited amount of data.Results: The low concentrations of copper in the range of 3.95 to 15.09 mg/kg with a mean value of 7.36 mg/kg were noticed in the studied vineyard soils. The total Cu concentrations were generally similar to those reported for natural soils.Conclusion: Observed low concentrations of copper in studied vineyard cultivations and indeed homogeneous distribution of copper in the soil, implies that the copper concentrations were controlled by geological processes. Heterogeneous distribution of Cu in the small part of southern region could be linked with anthropogenic impacts.زمينه و هدف: آلودگي فلزي خاک به ويژه توسط مس پديدهاي است که اغلب در لايه سطحي خاکهاي تاکستان به دليل استفاده مکرر از قارچ کش هاي مسي براي کنترل بيماريهاي انگور اتفاق ميافتد. هدف از اين پژوهش بررسي غلظت مس در خاک سطحي باغهاي انگور ملاير و تهيه نقشه آلودگی مس در منطقه مورد مطالعه بود.
مواد و روشها: براي ارزيابي وضعيت مس 25 نمونه خاک سطحی از لايه 0 تا 20 سانتيمتر تاكستانهاي ملاير برداشت شد. همه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎک در ﻫﻮاي آزاد ﺧﺸﮏ شده و پس از الک شدن، ذرات کمتر از 149/0 ميليمتر براي عمليات هضم استفاده شدند. غلظت مس در نمونههای خاک توسط دستگاه جذب اتمي به روش شعله تشخیص داده شد. روش وزندهي فاصله معکوس براي درونيابي غلظت مس در کل منطقه مورد مطالعه به دليل دادههاي محدود به کار برده شد.
يافتهها: غلظتهاي پاييني از مس در خاک تاکستان شناسايي شده است به گونهاي که دامنه غلظت مس در اين خاکها بين 95/3 تا 09/15 mg/ kg با ميانگين 36/7 بود. به طور کلي غلظت مس در خاک باغهاي انگور ملاير مشابه با غلظت گزارش شده براي خاکهاي طبيعي بود.
نتيجه گيري: مقادير پايين غلظت مس در خاک تاکستانها از یک طرف و از طرف دیگر نقشه کمابیش همگن پراکنش غلظت مس در آنها حاکی از آن است که غلظت مس در منطقه به دست فرآيندهاي زمين شناسي کنترل ميشود. توزيع ناهمگون غلظت مس در بخش کوچکی از جنوب منطقه نشان دهنده اثرات انساني است
Investigation of Nitrite Concentration and Spatial Variations in Groundwater of Sarchehan Plain (Fars)
No full textGroundwater contamination with nitrate is a pervasive problem in Iran and all over the world. Groundwater nitrate pollution associated with agricultural activity is an important environmental problem in the management of this natural resource, so that this is one of the most common groundwater contaminants. Determining the concentration and its spatial variation can be useful in exploitation and management of water resources. In this research, a total number of 50 wells were selected for sampling purposes and nitrate concentrations were analyzed in the laboratory according to standard method. Measured nitrate levels were compared to World Health Organization (WHO). Although, slightly increasing or decreasing changes in nitrate concentrations were observed in some wells, however the concentrations were below the standard of WHO (50 mg/L).It seems that nitrate concentrations in plain are affected by nonpoint sources (nitrogen fertilizers) and point sources (wastewater) that will undoubtedly be most important source of nitrate pollution in the future. Spatial patterns of nitrate showed that the highest concentrations of nitrate were found in north-eastern and south-eastern. Also, no statistically significant correlations were observed between nitrate concentration and well depth
Spatial patterns, hotspot, and risk assessment of heavy metals in different land uses of urban soils (case study: Malayer city)
No full textFood Risk of some heavy metals for adults and children via consumption of fish species: Euryglossa orientalis, Argyrops spinifer and Sillago sihama
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the concentration of some heavy metals in three fish species with high consumption in Shif Island, Bushehr Province, and calculation of the estimated daily intake (EDI), estimated weekly intake (EWI), Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) and hazarded index (HI). Three species viz. Euryglossaorientalis, Argyrops spinifer, and Sillago sihama were collected from the Bushehr coastal water using fishing boat. After the transfer of samples to the laboratory, the heavy metals were extracted and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Based on the results, the average concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Ni in E. orientalis were 10.02, 8.33, 1.18, 0.80, and 0.86 mg/kg, in A. spinifer 7.25, 5.75, 0.74, 0.43, and 0.37 mg/kg, and in S. sihama 6.20 , 8.27, 0.60, 0.47, and 1.28 mg/kg, respectively. Daily and weekly intake values in all three studied species in the group of children were higher than the adult group. The highest and lowest daily and weekly intake rates were observed for Fe in the E. orientalis and Cu in A. spinifer. The Target hazard quotient (THQ) and Hazard index (HI) for both adults and children showed less than 1. Also, the comparison of metal concentrations showed that the concentration of Mn in all three species and Ni in E. orientalis and S. sihama were higher than the WHO standard
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