Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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“A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Selected Yoga Techniques and Acupuncture in Migraine.”
No full textIntroduction Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder that severely impacts the Quality of Life (QoL), causing intense headaches, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. Affects approximately 14% of the global population. Traditional treatments often include medications, but these can come with side effects such as nausea, dizziness, muscle stiffness, and even MOH. Non-pharmacological interventions such as Yoga and Acupuncture are gaining recognition for their potential benefits without these side effects.
Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy of selected Yoga techniques and Acupuncture in managing Migraine.
Methods: In this study, 40 individuals diagnosed with Migraine were selected from the OPD and IPD of JSS Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital, Mysuru. These subjects, who met both diagnostic and inclusion criteria, were then evenly divided into two groups, each consisting of 20 individuals. Group A: Yogic techniques were demonstrated and taught to the subjects according to the prepared protocol for 30 minutes, and they were asked to practice daily for 30 days. Group B: In addition to practicing Yogic techniques as per the prepared protocol for 30 minutes each day for 30 days, Acupuncture was administered for 30 minutes daily for 10 days. The data were collected on the 0th, 10th, 20th & 30th day of intervention. The obtained data were analysed statistically..
Results: Both Group-A and Group-B showed significant improvements in migraine-related outcomes after the treatment in all the parameters with p <0.05.
Conclusions: The overall mean change assessment reveals that Group B had slightly higher improvements across most parameters, especially in QoL, suggesting a marginally superior outcome for Group B’s intervention
"Assessment of Gustatory Expression Patterns and Their Genetic and Hormonal Correlates Among Perimenopausal Women"
No full textBackground:Taste plays a vital role in dietary choices and overall nutrition. Gustatory dysfunction is multifactorial, with hormonal variations, particularly estrogen decline during menopause, contributing to altered taste perception. This study explores gustatory sensitivity changes in perimenopausal women and examines the influence of genetic and hormonal factors.
Aim:To evaluate gustatory expression patterns among perimenopausal women and assess the influence of hormonal and genetic variations.
Methods:Eighty female subjects aged 20 years and above were divided into four age-based groups. Taste perception was evaluated using commercially available taste strips containing sodium benzoate, thiourea, phenylthiourea, and control paper. Participants were instructed to fast from food, drink (except water), smoking, and oral hygiene products one hour prior to testing. Taste perception and reaction times were recorded for the tongue and palate. A structured questionnaire and genetic assessment based on taste response (normal taster, standard, recessive, and dominant supertaster) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS v21.0 with Pearson Chi-Square (p < 0.05).
Results:This study investigates age-related differences in taste preference, perception, and genetic taste sensitivity across four distinct age groups. Results showed that sweet and sour were the most preferred tastes, while bitter was least favored, especially among older participants. Taste detection using specialized strips revealed a significant decline in perception with increasing age, particularly in Group 4. Genetic analysis indicated a shift from dominant supertaster profiles in younger groups to normal taster profiles in older individuals. These findings highlight the impact of aging on gustatory function, with important implications for nutrition and health in the elderly.
Conclusion:Taste alterations are significant during perimenopause and menopause, influenced by both hormonal changes and genetic predisposition. The study suggests that taste assessment could serve as an early indicator of hormonal variation. The procedure is non-invasive, cost-effective, and suitable for clinical and research settings
Impact of Glycemic Control Variability on liver Enzymes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground: Elevations in liver enzyme levels represent another facet of metabolic syndrome in diabetes mellitus. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease might even precede type 2 diabetes. However the significance of HbA1c values in predicting the course of chronic liver disease in diabetics through varying ranges of glycemic control needs to be accessed for the sake of early and better prognostication.
Aims: The aim of this study was to estimate the HbA1c levels and Liver enzymes in Diabetic patients and to find their association.
Materials and methods: This Cross sectional study was conducted in Sri Siddhartha Institute of medical sciences and research centre from March 2024 to February 2025. A total of 398 patients diagnosed to have type 2 diabetes mellitus were assessed. They were divided into four groups based upon HbA1c levels: Group 1 normal (<5.8%); group 2, HbA1c (5.9-6.4%), and group 3, group 4 (HbA1c 6.5 to 7% and HbA1c >7% respectively). Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT) were assessed by fully automated analyser and HbA1c estimated by HPLC method. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square/ Fisher Exact test were performed on the data to access association and determine statistical significance. Also Pearson’s coefficient value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The Liver enzymes namely GGT, AST and ALP were elevated in diabetic patients and showed positive correlation with HbA1c.(p value- <0.001).
Conclusion: The outcomes of this study were, the elevated GGT, AST, ALP levels signify prognostic utility of HbA1c with respect to chronic liver disease in type 2 diabetes. This is reflected by positive correlation of liver enzyme values with glycated hemoglobin levels, as compared to control population
A Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal Efficacy by Herbal Extracts Used as Endodontic Irrigants – An In-Vitro Study
No full textIntroduction: Smear layer formation during root canal instrumentation hinders irrigant penetration, reduces dentinal permeability, and compromises the sealing ability of obturation. Although NaOCl and EDTA remain the gold standard combination for organic and inorganic smear removal, their cytotoxicity and dentin-altering effects have driven interest in herbal irrigants. Neem, Triphala, and Lemongrass contain bioactive phytochemicals with antimicrobial and chelating properties that may offer safer alternatives.
Objectives: To evaluate and compare the smear layer removal efficacy of three herbal irrigants—Neem extract, Triphala extract, and Lemongrass extract—with conventional NaOCl + EDTA and saline, using scanning electron microscopy.
Methods: Seventy-five extracted single-rooted human teeth were collected and instrumented to size 25/0.06 taper using Protaper NiTi files. Samples were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 15): Group 1 – Saline, Group 2 – 3% NaOCl + 17% EDTA, Group 3 – Neem extract, Group 4 – Triphala extract, and Group 5 – Lemongrass extract. Each canal was irrigated with 5 ml of the respective solution during preparation. Following instrumentation, roots were decoronated, longitudinally sectioned, and examined under SEM at ×1500 magnification. Smear layer was scored using the Rodig et al. scoring system. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc tests.
Results: Significant differences were observed among the groups (p < 0.001). NaOCl + EDTA exhibited the lowest mean SEM score (0.87 ± 0.64), indicating maximum smear layer removal. Neem extract showed the highest efficacy among the herbal groups (1.13 ± 0.35), with no significant difference compared to NaOCl + EDTA (p = 0.584). Lemongrass (1.93 ± 0.59) and Triphala (2.07 ± 0.26) demonstrated moderate smear removal. Saline showed the poorest performance (3.00 ± 0.00). Overall efficacy followed the order: NaOCl + EDTA > Neem > Lemongrass > Triphala > Saline.
Conclusions: Neem extract showed smear layer removal efficacy closest to the conventional NaOCl + EDTA regimen and may serve as a potential herbal alternative. Lemongrass and Triphala displayed moderate effectiveness but inferior chelating action compared to Neem. Further in-vivo and long-term studies are recommended to validate the clinical applicability of these natural irrigants
Comparison of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Test with Pleural Fluid Analysis and Cytology in Diagnosing Tuberculosis Pleuritis
No full textBackground and Objectives. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been widely studied as a highly accurate diagnostic marker for tuberculous pleural effusion. However, ADA test results can be influenced by variations in the analysis of pleural fluid. This study aims to assess the diagnostic ability of the ADA test in diagnosis tuberculous pleural effusions and to evaluate the relationship between ADA levels and biochemical and cytological parameters of pleural fluid.
Materials and Methods. This is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design on 52 patients with pleural effusion. Each sample was examined for ADA levels, biochemical parameters (pH, lactate dehydrogenase, protein, glucose, and specific gravity), fluid type analysis (exudate versus transudate), and cytology. Data were analysis using the Spearman test and the ROC test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results. Most patients exhibited characteristics of exudative pleural fluid (88.4%), with cytological features indicative of chronic inflammation (90.4%). The optimal ADA cut-off of ≥ 42 U/L provided 85% sensitivity and 78% specificity with an AUC of 0.82, indicating good diagnostic accuracy. High ADA values were significantly associated with exudative fluid and chronic inflammatory features on cytology. Logistic regression models revealed that ADA, protein, glucose, and cytology significantly contributed to the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (p < 0.05; Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.672).
Conclusions. ADA values ≥42 U/L have good diagnostic accuracy in detecting tuberculous pleurisy and show high consistency with the results of pleural fluid analysis and cytology
EPQ Model Evolution: A Review of Fuzzy Demand, Deterioration, Rework, and Environmental Aspects
No full textABSTRACT: A thorough examination of developments in Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) inventory models is provided in this study of the literature, with an emphasis on adding practical complexity to improve applicability in the real world. Traditional EPQ frameworks, developed under deterministic assumptions, often fall short when applied to uncertain and dynamic industrial environments. Over the years, researchers have extended EPQ models by incorporating fuzzy logic to manage uncertainty in demand and deterioration, and by embedding mechanisms for rework, backordering, trade credit, and sustainability. Although there has been significant advancement, current research generally considers these factors separately. A substantial research gap persists in the integration of fuzzy environments with other essential components like rework processes, screening errors, and environmental im- pacts within unified frameworks. This review emphasizes the necessity for detailed EPQ models that reflect the intricacies of actual systems, and it outlines future research avenues for creating integrated, resilient, and flexible inventory models in uncertain conditions.
Introduction:
The notable variant of the traditional Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model, the Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) model is intended for use in scenarios where businesses produce their own goods instead of obtaining them from outside vendors. The EPQ model, which is based on Harris’ (1913) EOQ concept, determines the ideal production lot size to save overall expense, which includes setup costs, holding costs, and, in some situations, shortage costs. Classical EPQ models, such as those explored by (Chung, 2003) and later expanded by (Huang, 2007), (Huang Y.-F. a.-F., 2008), were centered on deterministic parameters under idealized assumptions. Researchers have gradually incorporated more realistic constraints, such as setup cost functions in the study (Nobil, 2022), rework processes (Taleizadeh, 2024), (Cárdenas-Barrón, L. E., 2008), (Cárdenas-Barrón, L. E., 2009) and backorders (Nguyen, H. N., Godichaud, M., & Amodeo, L., 2023), to capture complexities in actual production environments. Conventional inventory models typically compute features like demand rate, holding cost, and defective rate using exact numerical data. However, these factors are rarely known with precision in real-world erratic markets, supplier concerns, or unclear managerial projections. 
Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Three Different Root Canal Irrigants on Removal of Methylene Blue Dye after Photodynamic Therapy – An in Vitro Study
No full textIntroduction: This study compares the effectiveness of different irrigants in removing methylene blue dye from root canals, which is essential to prevent chemical smear layer formation and tooth staining.
Objectives: To check the efficacy of three different root canal irrigants to remove methylene blue dye from the root canal after photodynamic therapy.
Methods: Forty extracted human mandibular premolars were collected. After biomechanical preparation of each root canal, PDT was performed using methylene blue dye and was activated using diode laser. After PDT, all samples were irrigated according to following groups: Group 1 − Control (0.9% saline solution); Group 2 – 3% Sodium Hypochlorite; Group 3 – 3% Hydrogen peroxide; Group 4 – Oxum solution. Each solution was activated using endoactivator for 2 min. The color of the dentin of the each root canal wall was measured at baseline, immediately after the PDT and after final irrigation using a spectrophotometer..
Results: Sodium hypochlorite demonstrated the highest mean ΔE (indicating greatest color change) and saline the lowest.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, none of the tested irrigants 3% sodium hypochlorite, 3% hydrogen peroxide, or Oxum solution demonstrated statistically significant superiority in removing methylene blue after photodynamic therapy. Nevertheless, sodium hypochlorite produced the greatest mean color change, indicating the highest potential for dye removal, followed by hydrogen peroxide and Oxu
Results of Mathematical Modeling of the Microelement Composition of the Body and Women\u27s Reproductive Health
No full textIntroduction Biogeochemical zoning of the Chuvash Republic\u27s territory has established the negative influence of trace element composition on the population\u27s health status. Mathematical modeling has not previously been used to investigate the impact of trace element status on health development and obstetric outcomes.
Objectives: To develop a methodological approach for software-integrated representation of mathematical modeling results regarding trace element composition in women of reproductive age within the region, and to evaluate the statistical significance of differences in their indicators.
Methods: The trace element composition of hair samples was examined in women of reproductive age residing in the Chuvash Republic using atomic emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry methods: Group I (n=58) comprised women with diagnosed iron deficiency anemia and a history of pregnancy; Group II (n=61) included women with trace element deficiency in the body without obstetric history; Group III (n=64) consisted of healthy women as controls. A methodology for software-integrated representation of mathematical modeling results regarding health status was developed. The Student\u27s t-test was calculated and visualized in spiral space determined by binary code parameters. The following binary code parameters were computed: n (code digit length), t (error multiplicity of code vectors), d-min (Hamming distance between code vectors), k (number of vectors), coefficients C1 and C2, and C-total (cumulative coefficient).
Results: In parturient women residing in the Alatyr district, iron deficiency leads to chronic fetal hypoxia and intrauterine growth restriction, placental insufficiency, and dental lesions. In the Poretsk district, particularly in Poretsk-3 (with a deficiency of 10 trace elements) and Poretsk-2 (with a deficiency of 7 trace elements and an excess of selenium), parturient women were found to have a high risk of developing chronic fetal hypoxia, chorioamnionitis, preeclampsia, and dental enamel disorders.
Conclusions: In women from the five examined biogeochemical provinces (Alatyr-1: t=-5.102; Poretsk-1: t=3.19; Poretsk-2: t=6.099; Poretsk-3: t=3.15; Cheboksary-1: t=3.308; Cheboksary-2: t=-4.019), the Student\u27s t-test values were high, indicating an elevated risk of developing diseases and complications during obstetric. Mathematical modeling of the transformation, represented as binary code vectors with parameters n, t, k, d min, C1, C2, and C-total, enables the construction of a stability zone for these adverse processes
“Comprehensive Ayurveda Approach in the Successful Management of Shwitra [Childhood Vitiligo] A Pediatric Case Report with Remarkable Repigmentation”
No full textBackground: Shwitra classified under ksudra kushta in Ayurveda , is comparable to Vitiligo & present a significant therapeutic challenges in children. A 10 year old male child with a six –year history of depigmented skin patches over multiple sites showed inadequate response to conventional topical therapy. Based on clinical features & Ayurvedic assessment, the condition was diagnosed as Shwitra[ Vitiligo]. An Individualized Ayurvedic treatment protocol comprising Shamana, Sodhana [ Nitya & Sadhyo Virechana ] & Rasayana therapies , along with dietary & Lifestyle changes was advised. Which led to gradual reduction in lesion size , progressive re-pigmentation & clinical stabilization without adverse effect. This case suggest that a comprehensive Ayurvedic approach may offer a safe & effective management option for childhood Shwitra
Suitability of ADA (Adenosine Deaminase) Test Towards Pleural Fluid Analysis Parameters and Pleural Fluid Cytology in Diagnosing Empyema
No full textBackground and Objectives: Empyema pleura is a severe form of pleural infection characterized by pus accumulation within the pleural cavity. Differentiating tuberculous from non-tuberculous empyema remains challenging due to overlapping cytological and biochemical profiles. Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) has been proposed as a potential biomarker for tuberculous effusions. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of pleural fluid ADA levels in relation to biochemical and cytological findings in empyema patients.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from 41 empyema patients treated at hospitals affiliated with the Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Hasanuddin University. Pleural fluid parameters, including ADA, pH, glucose, protein, LDH, leukocyte count, and cytology, were analyzed. Correlations between ADA and pleural fluid characteristics were evaluated, and ROC analysis determined diagnostic accuracy and optimal cut-off value.
Results: Most subjects were middle-aged men with a predominance of tuberculous empyema. Pleural fluid analysis revealed exudative features, low pH and glucose, elevated LDH and protein levels, and high leukocyte counts. ADA levels were significantly higher in samples with cytological evidence of tuberculosis and showed positive correlations with protein and leukocyte count, but a negative correlation with glucose. ROC analysis showed good diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.873) with an optimal cut-off of 38 U/L.
Conclusions: Pleural ADA levels demonstrate strong diagnostic value for distinguishing tuberculous from non-tuberculous empyema. Combined assessment of ADA, biochemical, and cytological parameters enhances diagnostic precision and supports timely clinical management of pleural infections.