1,720,981 research outputs found
Intelligence in Experimental Economics
Full text linkThe economics literature has increasingly been studying how intelligence relates to economic decision making. This has developed a large literature that aims to understand how cognitive abilities and processes relate to both individual decision making and strategic interactions. Such studies in the economics literature have predominantly used pattern recognition style tests like the Raven test and measures of cognitive reflection, namely the Cognitive Reflection Test. The literature has uncovered some consistent results, for example, intelligence allows for more patient attitudes and is related to behaviour closer to equilibrium play in strategic interactions. There has so far been some mixed evidence in studies that link intelligence with biased decision making. Meanwhile, there is an ongoing lively debate on how intelligence influences risk attitudes. A theme that appears to resonate in several studies is the link between cognitive ability and error-prone behaviour. The key studies across these topics are reviewed and some interesting future avenues for research are outlined
Individual and group characteristics and their economic implications
Full text linkThis thesis is a collection of studies about the link between individual and group characteristics and economic outcomes.
The firstt chapter investigates the link between declared trusting attitudes and trust choices in an infinitely repeated trust game after controlling for subjective beliefs. It is found that intrinsic trust influences the probability of trusting in a trust game. Moreover, intrinsic trust seems to operate through the fact that more trusting individuals are more likely to forgive or offer the bene t of doubt to others and show trust even after a disappointing outcome. The effect of intrinsic trust appears to be independent of the formation of beliefs.
The second chapter studies personality trait variation and its implications on society's welfare. Personality is taken to be a type of skill that can be better understood if considered as a distribution rather than a single point. The ABM simulation results reported show that population personality compositions are adaptive on the task (job) distribution. Further simulation results depict the importance for appropriate education to cater for the jobs in the economy. Finally, simulations indicate that precise job match screening is beneficial not only for society's welfare but also for subjective well-being.
The third chapter is concerned with how intelligence affects the social outcomes of groups. A systematic study of the link is provided in an experiment where two groups of subjects with different levels of intelligence, but otherwise similar, play a repeated prisoner's dilemma. Initial cooperation rates are similar, but increase in the groups with higher intelligence to reach almost full cooperation, while they decline in the groups with lower intelligence. Cooperation of higher intelligence subjects is payoff sensitive and not automatic: in a treatment with lower continuation probability there is no difference between different intelligence group
Self-reported & Revealed Trust: Experimental Evidence [Dataset and Replication Code]
No full textI study the relationship between self-declared trust attitudes - using a well-recognised and established personality questionnaire - and trust choices in an induced infinitely repeated trust game. I find that self-reported trust measures are significantly related with trust choices as long as trust is part of equilibrium strategies. I find that questions regarding others' intentions is a missing component in previous work that studies self-reports of trust. An important aspect of the design is that first movers are not privy to the choices made by their partners. This design feature, coupled with an uncertainty element introduced in determining the first mover's final payoff, allows me to analyse how first movers react to bad outcomes. Trusting individuals are more likely to give the benefit of doubt to others. Analysis of the incentivised subjective beliefs reveals that the effect of personality traits on trust choices is not through the formation of beliefs
The Binary Lottery Procedure does not induce risk neutrality in the Holt-Laury and Eckel-Grossman tasks
Full text linkWe test whether the binary lottery procedure makes subjects behave as if they are risk neutral in the Holt-Laury and Eckel-Grossman tasks. Depending on the task we find that at most a third of subjects behave as if risk neutral. In fact, when we compare the distribution of choices we find no significant difference to earlier experiments in the same lab that did not use the binary lottery procedure
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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