732 research outputs found
Measuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data
No full textMeasuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data Author & abstract Download & other version 16 References 4 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Katja Landau (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Stephan Klasen (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Walter Zucchini (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract We investigate the accuracy of ex ante assessments of vulnerability to income poverty using cross-sectional data and panel data. We use long-term panel data from Germany and apply di fferent regression models, based on household covariates and previous-year equivalence income, to classify a household as vulnerable or not. Predictive performance is assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which takes account of false positive as well as true positive rates. Estimates based on cross-sectional data are much less accurate than those based on panel data, but for Germany, the accuracy of vulnerability predictions is limited even when panel data are used. In part this low accuracy is due to low poverty incidence and high mobility in and out of poverty
Resilience as a positive lever: An analysis of sensemaking and meaningful work in the context of organizational change
No full textAuthor Katja SchwarzMasterarbeit Johannes Kepler Universität Linz 2024Arbeit nach Ablauf der Sperre auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
Measuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data
No full textMeasuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data Author & abstract Download & other version 16 References 4 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Katja Landau (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Stephan Klasen (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Walter Zucchini (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract We investigate the accuracy of ex ante assessments of vulnerability to income poverty using cross-sectional data and panel data. We use long-term panel data from Germany and apply di fferent regression models, based on household covariates and previous-year equivalence income, to classify a household as vulnerable or not. Predictive performance is assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which takes account of false positive as well as true positive rates. Estimates based on cross-sectional data are much less accurate than those based on panel data, but for Germany, the accuracy of vulnerability predictions is limited even when panel data are used. In part this low accuracy is due to low poverty incidence and high mobility in and out of poverty
Resilience as a positive lever: An analysis of sensemaking and meaningful work in the context of organizational change
No full textAuthor Katja SchwarzMasterarbeit Johannes Kepler Universität Linz 2024Arbeit nach Ablauf der Sperre auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
"Meghillàt Estèr". Toward a Transcultural Concept of Religion in Katja Petrowskaja\u27s Novel Vielleicht Esther
No full textIl presente contributo intende rileggere il romanzo Vielleicht Esther (2014) di Katja Petrowskaja proponendo come chiave di lettura la Meghillàt Estèr della Bibbia ebraica. Si vuole dimostrare come, attraverso questo implicito ma preciso riferimento intertestuale, l’autrice affronti nel romanzo anche una riflessione su una possibile transreligione capace di rispecchiare il contesto transculturale contemporaneo.This contribution analyzes Katja Petrowskaja’s novel Vielleicht Esther (2014) by proposing the Megillàt Estèr from the Hebrew Bible as a key interpretative lens. The aim is to demonstrate how, through this subtle yet deliberate intertextual reference, the author weaves into the novel a reflection on the notion of a transreligion, one that resonates with and articulates the complexities of our contemporary transcultural landscape
Rikosuhripäivystyksen (RIKU) työn vaikuttavuuden arvioiminen
No full textVaikuttavuuden tutkimisen suosio kasvaa jatkuvasti, mutta siitä huolimatta sosiaalialan työkentällä vaikuttavuutta tutkitaan verrattain vähän. Rikosuhripäivystyksen (RIKU) palveluissa vaikuttavuutta on tutkittu viimeksi 2000-luvun alussa. Vuosikymmenten saatossa RIKUn työssä on tapahtunut merkittäviä muutoksia, sillä asiakasmäärät ovat kasvaneet ja työnsisältö sekä rahoituspohja ovat muuttuneet.
Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää, kuinka vaikuttavuutta tutkitaan tämän päivän RIKUn toimintaympäristössä. Tavoitteena oli kehittää vaikuttavuutta arvioiva kyselylomake organisaation käyttöön. Lomakkeen avulla voidaan selvittää, mitkä RIKUssa käytössä olevista työtavoista ovat merkityksellisiä asiakkaan rikosasiasta selviytymisen kannalta.
Vaikuttavuutta tutkittiin RIKUn toimintaympäristössä Dahler-Larsenin (2005) luoman arviointimallin mukaan, jota täydennettiin tapauskohtaisen arvioinnin menetelmällä. RIKUn työtavat teemoiteltiin ja purettiin yksittäisiksi interventioiksi kyselylomakkeeseen. Lisäksi kyselylomakkeessa selvitettiin, mitkä asiat ovat edesauttaneet rikosasiasta selviytymistä. RIKUlle laadittu vaikuttavuutta tutkiva kyselylomake pilotoitiin pienellä asiakasryhmällä. Vastauksia kertyi yhteensä 16 kappaletta. Aineisto kerättiin Webropol-lomakkeen avulla ja analysoitiin määrällisen tutkimuksen keinoin. Aineiston analyysin jälkeen RIKUn työn vaikuttavuutta tutkivaan kyselylomakkeeseen tehtiin tarvittavat muutokset.
Vaikuttavuutta arvioivan kyselylomakkeen kautta RIKU saa jatkossa ensiarvoisen tärkeää tietoa siitä, millaisen merkityksen asiakkaat antavat RIKUsta saamalleen palvelulle. Tämän tiedon kautta RIKU voi kehittää omaa toimintaansa panostamalla palveluihin, jotka edesauttavat parhaiten rikosasiasta selviytymistä. Vaikuttavuutta tutkiva kyselylomake tullaan lähettämään jatkossa vuoden päästä asiakkuuden päättymisestä, jotta palvelun vaikuttavuus ehtii syntyä. Kun kyselyyn on vastannut riittävän suuri määrä asiakkaita, on hyvä analysoida aineistoa uudelleen, jolloin vaikuttavuuskyselystä saatavat tulokset tulevat olemaan luotettavampia ja hyödynnettävämpiä. Tämä olisi myös erinomainen jatkotutkimusaihe seuraaville opinnäytetyön tekijöille.The purpose was to find out how the effectiveness is studied in the environment of the Victim Support Finland (RIKU). The aim was to develop an impact assessment questionnaire for RIKU. It can be used to find out which interventions of Victim Support services are the most relevant for the client's coping process after being a victim of criminal activity. Effectiveness of RIKU was last studied at the beginning of the 21st century.
Effectiveness was studied in RIKU´s operating environment according to the evaluation model created by Dahler-Larsen (2005). RIKU´s working methods were dismantled into individual interventions in a questionnaire. The effectiveness questionnaire prepared for RIKU was piloted with a small group of clients. The data were collected by using e-questionnaire and analyzed by means of quantitative research.
In the future questionnaire form will be sent to the clients one year after the end of customer relationship. By the time enough customers have responded to the survey the data should be re-analyzed, which will make the results of the effectiveness survey more reliable and usable. This would be an excellent topic for further research for the following thesis authors
Casanovas are liars : behavioral syndromes, sperm competition risk, and the evolution of deceptive male mating behavior in live-bearing fishes [version 2; referees: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
No full textMale reproductive biology can by characterized through competition over mates as well as mate choice. Multiple mating and male mate choice copying, especially in internally fertilizing species, set the stage for increased sperm competition, i.e., sperm of two or more males can compete for fertilization of the female’s ova. In the internally fertilizing fish Poecilia mexicana, males respond to the presence of rivals with reduced expression of mating preferences (audience effect), thereby lowering the risk of by-standing rivals copying their mate choice. Also, males interact initially more with a non-preferred female when observed by a rival, which has been interpreted in previous studies as a strategy to mislead rivals, again reducing sperm competition risk (SCR). Nevertheless, species might differ consistently in their expression of aggressive and reproductive behaviors, possibly due to varying levels of SCR. In the current study, we present a unique data set comprising ten poeciliid species (in two cases including multiple populations) and ask whether species can be characterized through consistent differences in the expression of aggression, sexual activity and changes in mate choice under increased SCR. We found consistent species-specific differences in aggressive behavior, sexual activity as well as in the level of misleading behavior, while decreased preference expression under increased SCR was a general feature of all but one species examined. Furthermore, mean sexual activity correlated positively with the occurrence of potentially misleading behavior. An alternative explanation for audience effects would be that males attempt to avoid aggressive encounters, which would predict stronger audience effects in more aggressive species. We demonstrate a positive correlation between mean aggressiveness and sexual activity (suggesting a hormonal link as a mechanistic explanation), but did not detect a correlation between aggressiveness and audience effects. Suites of correlated behavioral tendencies are termed behavioral syndromes, and our present study provides correlational evidence for the evolutionary significance of SCR in shaping a behavioral syndrome at the species level across poeciliid taxa
Analiza jezika vrednotenja v knjižnih recenzijah: študija primera
No full textThis master’s thesis presents an analysis of appraisal in the case of ten book reviews. Their selection is based on several criteria that make them representative of this text type. The selected texts evaluate novels, novellas and short stories that were ranked top 300 according to the Open Syllabus Project 2.0 online data base. This means that they fall into the category of the most often assigned books in educational institutions. The authors of the selected texts are editors, journalists and writers, and there is an even number of male and female reviewers. The purpose of the study is the appraisal analysis of the contemporary English languagetherefore, only the recently published texts were selected.
The main methodology used in this master’s thesis is the appraisal theory developed by James Martin and Peter White (Martin and White). This theory evolved in the systemic functional linguistics, and it relies on the theoretical concepts of Michael Halliday (Halliday). The appraisal analysis was conducted with help of the analytical tool Catma 5.0, which enables annotation of texts, their analysis and the visualization of data.
The results of the research show that the most frequently used attitudinal resources are the expressions of appreciation. Therefore, the evaluation of the story and everything associated with it is in the foreground of the book reviews. The analysis of the selected texts reveals that evaluation is mostly explicit, meaning that the reader is directly invited to engage with the book. The findings indicate that the attitudinal resources are graded more according to intensity and quantity and less according to prototypicality and marginality. This conclusion draws attention to the variety of lexical and grammatical structures in the selected texts that are assumed to be characteristic of this text type in general. The results also show that the reviewers do not include many external sources into the text, which consequently narrows down the dialogistic space and excludes alternative views and attitudes.
The appraisal analysis points toward the text-structural and semantic characteristics of book reviews in general. The structure of the selected texts consists of the following elements: information about the author and the book, the plot summary and evaluation of these elements, which are often intertwined. Some reviews also include personal accounts, book details and/or numeric ratings. The most significant semantic characteristic of evaluation expressed in the selected book reviews is the critique of the Western oppressor. The reviewers judge crimes against humanity and question Western perspectives. They also imply the complicity of the readers because they are viewed as members of the Western identity. Additionally, the results of the analysis show that the book reviews are contextual and intertextual text types, which include various means for the realization of appraisal. A vast spectrum of lexical and grammatical structures makes book reviews an interesting research topic with many possibilities for further research.Pričujoča magistrska naloga se ukvarja z analizo jezika vrednotenja na primeru desetih knjižnih recenzij. Njihov izbor temelji na več kriterijih, ki prispevajo k reprezentativnosti te besedilne vrste. Izbrana besedila vrednotijo romane, novele in kratke zgodbe, ki so uvrščene med najboljših 300 v spletni podatkovni bazi Open Syllabus Project 2.0. To pomeni, da spadajo v kategorijo najpogosteje dodeljenih knjig v izobraževalnih ustanovah. Avtorji izbranega korpusa so uredniki, novinarji in pisatelji, med katerimi sta oba spola zastopana v enakem številu. Izbrana so bila le besedila, objavljena pred kratkim, saj je predmet magistrskega dela analiza vrednotenja sodobnega angleškega jezika.
Glavna metodologija, ki je uporabljena v magistrski nalogi, je teorija vrednotenja, ki sta jo razvila James Martin in Peter White (Martin in White). Teorija je bila osnovana znotraj sistemskega funkcionalnega jezikoslovja in se nanaša na teoretične koncepte Michaela Hallidayja (Halliday). Analiza jezika vrednotenja se je izvedla s pomočjo analitičnega orodja Catma 5.0, ki omogoča komentiranje besedil, njihovo analizo in vizualizacijo podatkov.
Rezultati analize kažejo, da so najbolj številčni primeri sredstev vrednotenja primeri presoje oz. odnosa do stanj, procesov in entitet (ang. appreciation). Iz tega izhaja, da je vrednotenje zgodbe in vsega, kar je z njo povezanega, v ospredju knjižnih recenzij. Nadalje analiza razkriva, da je vrednotenje v večji meri neposredno in je bralec direktno povabljen k branju knjige. Jezikovna sredstva odnosa (ang. attitude) se v izbranih besedilih stopnjujejo bolj glede na stopnjo in količino in manj glede na prototipičnost in marginalnost. Rezultati kažejo tudi, da recenzenti ne vključujejo veliko zunanjih virov v besedila in posledično zaprejo dialoški prostor za drugačne vidike in stališča.
Analiza jezika vrednotenja opozarja tudi na nekatere besedilno strukturne in semantične značilnosti knjižnih recenzij kot besedilne vrste. Izbrana besedila vsebujejo informacije o avtorju in knjigi, obnovo zgodbe ter ovrednotenje omenjenih elementov, ki se velikokrat prepletajo. Nekatere recenzije vsebujejo še osebne pripovedi, podrobnosti o knjigi in/ali numerično oceno. Najpomembnejša tematska značilnost vrednotenja v izbranih knjižnih recenzijah je kritika zahodnega zatiralca. Recenzenti obsojajo zločine proti človeštvu in dvomijo v zahodnjaške poglede, ki jih očitajo tudi bralcu, v katerem vidijo pripadnika omenjene identitete. Poleg tega rezultati analize kažejo, da so knjižne recenzije sobesedilna in medbesedilna vrsta, v kateri je vrednotenje realizirano na mnogo načinov. Obravnavana besedila in knjižne recenzije na splošno vsebujejo širok spekter leksikalnih in slovničnih struktur, zaradi česar predstavljajo zanimivo raziskovalno temo
Author Correction: The dengue-specific immune response and antibody identification with machine learning
No full textCorrection to: npj Vaccineshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-023-00788-7, published online 20 January 2024 In this article, the affiliation details for author Alexander Horst were incorrectly given as Alexander Horst1,2 but should have been Alexander Horst1 and other affiliations are renumbered. The original article has been corrected
Kontext ›Gesellschaft‹. Literarische Kommunikation – Semantik – Strukturgeschichte
No full textAbstractThis article is concerned with the question of what we mean by contextualizing a literary text in terms of social history. What are we setting a text in relation to if we assign ›society as a context‹ to it? And what is the nature of this relation? An attempt is made to answer the first question by defining society as communication. The article teases out the forms of communication that can be understood as a ›text‹ and those that can be understood as a social ›context‹. The second question picks up what is known as the Vermittlungsproblem (correlation problem) – that is, the problem, for which a solution is not believed to have been found, of how to theoretically model the relationship between text and context. In the final part of the article, this problem is steered toward a conceptual solution by distinguishing between different kinds of context (communication setting, the problem at stake, cultural knowledge, communication situation).The article begins with a brief historical outline of the field, which takes us back to the origins of the concept of »social history« in the history of scholarship. The characteristic innovation of the sozialgeschichtliche Literaturwissenschaft (sociohistorical literary studies) advocated in the 1970s and 1980s is identified as its attempt to arrive, drawing on contemporary models of structural sociology, at a more complex social theory than had been used by the earlier sociology of literature shaped by Marxism and ideological criticism. This led to two problems that were still to be satisfactorily solved in the 1980s. First, it seemed as though the sociological models could be used to describe only ›literature as social system‹, but not ›literature as symbolic system‹, because the sociological concept of action was unable to capture the special features of literary activity. Second, the starting point for theoretically conceptualizing the relation between literary ›text‹ and social ›context‹ was the special historical case of an autonomous system of art in a society where it was functionally distinct, which meant that the scope of the sociohistorical paradigm was confined to literature from the modern period.Both these problems, the present article suggests, can be solved by applying the model of sociocultural evolution that was developed above all by Niklas Luhmann and following it through to its logical conclusion. The first stage in showing this more clearly is to provide a vertical outline of literary communication, in other words to ask how, out of the totality of social communication events, particular communications can be identified as potentially relevant for the interests of research in literary studies. In a first step, a special type of communication distinct from normal communication is identified. It is marked by a characteristic embedded communication structure which we can describe as objectification or metalinguistic referentialization. An embedded structure of this kind is present if a given communication (e. g. »once upon a time a horse …«) is metalinguistically referred to by other communications (e. g. »tell me the story about the horse«).The basic concept of literature defined in this way is very wide-ranging and does not consider any criteria of the ›literary‹ in the sense of a certain quality of the text; instead, it is based solely on the criterion of ›textuality‹ (as a result of communicative objectification). Any further restriction ›above‹ this basic concept can be carried out only in a historically empirical manner, that is, by analysing the objectified communications themselves and the adjoining communications that are centred around them. That is the second step in narrowing things down. On the basis of the elements that recur in such communication settings, it is possible to identify structures of expectation that have become stably established in communication and together form a particular (e. g. ›literary‹) semantics. By »semantics«, Luhmann, following Reinhart Koselleck, understands a cultural repository of rules for processing meaning. Talking in rhymes, or cultural concepts such as ›novel‹, ›fictionality‹, ›author‹, are examples of such rules for processing meaning in the literary domain. They are, that is, part of various historically specific literary »semantics« or »symbolic systems« of the literary. Such structures have been stably established to a high degree in literary ›genres‹, which have already been described by Wilhelm Voßkamp as »socio-literary institutions« along these very lines.In a third step, the degree to which such developments in literary semantics are separated from other semantics that structure social communication is considered. The article argues against the assumption that there is a system of high literature that has been established as distinct since the transitional time between the early modern and modern periods, and puts forward instead a bottom-up model of literary microsystems, each of which may become stably established, that do not necessarily form part of an overarching social system of ›literature‹ but can enter into historically variable combinations with other communication contexts. As can be seen from the longevity of the old concept of literature in the sense of the totality of learned tradition (historia litteraria), large fields of literary communication in the mid-nineteenth century, for example, are closely intertwined with other social discourses of knowledge in what has, in the sense of this broad concept of literature, been described by Peter Uwe Hohendahl as a literarische Öffentlichkeit (literary public sphere). Whether a particular area of literary communication under consideration can be treated as a communication system that operates as a closed system, can in turn be determined only by analysing its historical and empirical processes of communication. Of crucial importance is the fact that the communication settings involved form such a high level of recursiveness and self-referentiality that they develop an understanding of themselves as distinct from their surroundings. Historically variable processes of system formation of this kind are part of structural change in society as a whole, and a more detailed analysis of such processes of change in the domain of the literary in relation to the rest of social communication could, in the long term, lead to more appropriate periodizations of literary history.After this outline of literary communication, we return to the problem of contextualization in literary studies. If literary communication is, as described, understood as dynamic subfields of social communication, four different concepts of context can be distinguished:›Context‹, in a basic sense, means the place of literary communication in general social communication, that is, other communication events that are close to it in time.›Context‹, in the sense of a literary studies that seeks to explain, often means the historical problem at stake, the solution to which is treated as the function of a particular structure of literary communication.In addition, other (non-literary) semantics (cultural knowledge) of the time are often referred to as ›contexts‹.›(Real) historical context‹, often used synonymously with ›social context‹, encompasses not only the social but also the non-social – that is, for example, physical, biological, or psychological – surroundings of literary communication, and is terminologically accounted for here using the linguistic concept of the communication situation.With the help of this differentiation, the particular kind of contextualization that sociohistorical literary studies aims to provide can be described as follows: sociohistorical literary studies examines the embedding of ›textual‹ acts of communication in larger communication settings that are connected with them in the manner of adjoining communications (context1). It does so in order, first, to determine more precisely the nature of such communication settings (structures, level of stability, self-description) and, second, to identify, through the functional analysis of the semantics they use, relevant problems at stake (context2) and cross-discourse referential structures (context3). The focus in the process lies on socially conditioned problems at stake (economics, politics, culture); non-social aspects of the literary communication situation, which are, moreover, present in context4, lie outside the sociological descriptive remit of this form of literary studies
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