130,545 research outputs found
Hubungan Ukuran Pupil dengan Miopia Derajat Sedang dan Berat
No full textKelainan refraksi merupakan salah satu penyebab terbanyak gangguan penglihatan di seluruh dunia dan menjadi penyebab kedua kebutaan yang dapat diatasi.(1) Survei kesehatan indera penglihatan dan pendengaran tahun 1993 – 1996, menunjukkan angka kebutaan di Indonesia 1,5 %. Kelainan refraksi sebanyak 0,14 % dari angka kebutaan tersebut.(2) Seang-Mei Saw dkk, meneliti prevalensi miopia di Sumatera mencapai 26,1 %. Untuk miopia derajat berat 0,8 %. Prevalensi miopia paling tinggi dijumpai pada usia 21 – 29 tahun.(3)
Miopia merupakan salah satu kelainan refraksi yang sering dijumpai, disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan kekuatan elemen optik mata dengan panjang sumbu bola mata, sehingga diperlukan lensa koreksi atau terapi refraktif lainnya untuk membentuk bayangan yang jelas di retina. Miopia dibedakan menjadi miopia fisiologis (simple, school myopia) yang terjadi karena pertumbuhan normal komponen mata dan miopia patologis (progressive, malignant, degenerative myopia) yang disebakan pertumbuhan berlebihan sumbu bola mata walaupun komponen lainnya tumbuh normal.(3,4)
Penyebab miopia belum diketahui dengan pasti, namun diduga berhubungan dengan faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Beberapa faktor resiko yang berperan dalam terjadinya miopia diantaranya adalah aktifitas melihat dekat (nearwork activities) seperti membaca, menulis, atau pekerjaan lain yang memerlukan penglihatan dekat. Tingkat pendidikan dan sosio ekonomi berpengaruh pada insiden miopia dimana aktivitas melihat dekat sering mereka kerjakan.(3,4)46 HalamanTesis Magiste
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
Full text linkInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Full text linkBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Peran Penyuluh Pertanian dalam Pengembangan Kelompok Tani di Kecamatan Barus Jahe
No full textRay Damen Sitepu (110304101) dengan judul skripsi Peran Penyuluh Pertanian
dalam Pengembangan Kelompok Tani di Kecamatan Barusjahe.Dibimbing oleh
Ir. Diana Chalil, M.Si, Ph. D dan Ir. Luhut Sihombing, M.P.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran penyuluh pertanian dalam
pengembangan kelompok tani, sikap anggota kelompok tani terhadap peran
penyuluh, dan hambatan- hambatan yang dihadapi penyuluh dalam
pengembangan kelompok tani di Kecamatan Barusjahe, Kabupaten Karo,
Provinsi Sumatera Utara.
Penentuan daerah penelitian secara purposive.Terdapat dua unit sampling yakni
penyuluh dan kelompok tani, metode pengambilan sampel penyuluh dengan
metode sensus dengan sampel penyuluh sebanyak 13 sampel. Metode
pengambilan sampel kelompok tani diambil secara purposive dimana terdapat 9
kelompok tani yang memenuhi kriteria yang dibutuhkan peneliti. Data yang
digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder.Metode yang digunakan dalam
penelitian ini adalah metode skoring dan penskalaan Likert.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Peran penyuluh pertanian dalam
pengembangan kelompok tani “sedang” dengan total skor rata- rata 114,53.
(2) Sikap anggota kelompok tani “positif” terhadap peran penyuluh.
(3) Terdapat beberapa hambatan penyuluh untuk mengembangkan kelompok tani
di Kecamatan Barusjahe, yakni : a) kesadaran pengurus dan anggota kelompok
tani, b) minat berkelompok, c) kelompok tani terbentuk berdasarkan domisili, d)
jumlah tenaga penyuluh, e) sarana dan prasarana pendukung kegiatan penyuluhan,
f) pelaksanaan penilaian kemampuan kelompok tani.108 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
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