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    폐 그래프를 갖는 함수와 그 성질에 관하여

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    P.E. Long은 폐그래프를 갖는 함수를 도입했었다. 우리는 그 함수를 근사 개 함수를 이용하여 그 성질을 연구한다.P.E. Long introduced a function with closed graph. We will investigate the function with closed graph by means of nearly open mappings due to V.P. Singh and study its characterizations.P.E. Long introduced a function with closed graph. We will investigate the function with closed graph by means of nearly open mappings due to V.P. Singh and study its characterizations

    L'Inde de V.P. Singh

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    V.P. Singh's India, by Gilbert Etienne The year 1990 opened with a radically new political scene. Almost ail of India put aside the single leader-ruling party system. India adopted multi-partism after the November 1989 and February 1990 elections. It remains to be seen whether the change will be durable or not. During the 1981-1990 décade, the rate of economie growth increased after a long span of rather slow development. The reforms induced by Indira Gandhi and expanded by her son hâve stimulated industry while agriculture kept growing. Despite this rather favorable health report, two major difficulties could threaten the future : national and foreign debt. In foreign policy, no major changes are to be expected in the relations between India and the superpowers. The main problems will appear at the regional level. New Delhi may successfully reduce or appease the disputes with Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bengladesh. However, the reconciliation process between New Delhi and Islamabad will be endangered because of the serious troubles taking place in Cashmere since the end of 1989.L'année 1990 s'est ouverte avec une profonde refonte du paysage politique. C'en est fini d'un chef unique et d'un parti dominant dans presque toute l'Inde. A la suite des élections de novembre 1989 et février 1990, le multipartisme s'installe en Inde. Il reste à voir s'il s'agit d'un changement durable ou non. Dans la décennie 1981-1990, la croissance de l'économie est passée à la vitesse supérieure après une longue phase de développement assez lent. Les réformes introduite par Indira Gandhi et amplifiées par son fils ont stimulé l'industrie, tandis que l'agriculture continuait à se renforcer. Malgré ce bulletin de santé plutôt favorable, deux gros points noirs pourraient affecter l'avenir : l'endettement intérieur et extérieur. En politique internationale, il ne faut pas s'attendre à des changements majeurs dans les relations de l'Inde et des superpuissances. C'est au niveau régional qu'apparaissent les principaux soucis. New Delhi a des chances de réduire ou d'atténuer les contentieux vis-à-vis du Sri Lanka, du Népal et du Bangladesh. En revanche, le rapprochement qui s'esquissait entre New Delhi et Islamabad est remis en question par les graves troubles dont le Cachemire est le théâtre depuis la fin de 1989.Etienne. L'Inde de V.P. Singh. In: Politique étrangère, n°3 - 1990 - 55ᵉannée. pp. 623-633

    In commemoration of professor V.P. Karpov

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    This article is about professor Karpov V.P., a prominent scientist, first rector of Yekaterinoslav Medical Academy. Biography of a great investigator, his main achievements in the area of histology, biology, theory and history of medicine was studied. Professor Karpov V.P. always combined his great scientific, organizational and research work with social activity. Monographs of professor Karpov V.P. and conferences organized by him were of great importance in the solution of such new problems as theary of microscope and cell amitosis. Professor Karpov is a founder of a large school of histology. Thanks to his active participation and personal guidance, in 1917 department of histology was founded in Yekaterinoslav Medical Institute. The author of the article has analyzed Hippocrates` works translated into Russian by professor Karpov V.P. and pointed out their significance for modern medical science and practice

    Prospects for direct-seeded rice in eastern India: socioeconomic perspectives

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    Prospects for the adoption of direct-seeded rice (DSR) in eastern India are brighter than previously thought. Evidence is drawn from an analysis of existing crop management practices for transplanted rice (TPR) in kharif 2003 and farmer evaluation of on-farm trials. Results showed no difference in average time of transplanting by farm size, which suggests that small as well as large farms will benefit from timelier crop establishment. Livelihood diversification through seasonal migration has increased incentives for the adoption of labor-saving technology, although this is reduced by the "feminization" of agriculture whereby female family members substitute for men. DSR will benefit poorer farmers by reducing the climatic risk and their dependence on hired pumpsets and tractors for timely crop establishment. Larger farmers may benefit primarily from savings in the costs of mechanized tillage and irrigation rather than savings in labor costs

    Are Extremal Hypotheses not consistent with alluvial regime channels ?

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    The paper deals with the "Minimum Stream Power" and "Maximum Sediment Transport" theories that are used to explain the "equilibrium configuration" of both rivers and earthen channels. The approach proposed is based on the utilization of six different relationships existing among the seven variables involved in the problem (i.e., the bottom and surface widths, the hydraulic depth. the mean diameter of sediment existing at river bed and transported by flow, the water and sediment discharges coming from the basin and carried by the reach, and the dynamic equilibrium longitudinal slope), and a "closure" condition given by "Minimum Stream Power" or "Maximum Sediment Transport" theories. The suitability of the approach is tested by using a number of experimental results taken from the literature

    Towards an alternative blueprint for a physically-based digitally simulated hydrologic response modelling system.

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    A critique of the Freeze and Harlan blueprint for a distributed physically based hydrological model leads to the conclusion that it will be abandoned. An alternative blueprint as a modelling methodology is proposed that explicitly recognises the potential for equifinality in scale-dependent model representations. An inductive rather than deductive definition of physically-based is proposed that reflects the important role of observables in constraining the feasible models

    Erysiphe dudkae sp. nov. – новый вид мучнисторосяных грибов на Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae) из Черногории

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    A new species, Erysiphe dudkae V.P. Heluta, sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Erysiphales), on Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. et J. Presl (Solanaceae) is described. The fungus was collected by Irina O. Dudka in 2013 in Montenegro in two localities. It belongs to the section Microsphaera (Lév.) U. Braun et Shishkoff. Morphologically, E. dudkae is very similar to E. ornata var. europaea (U. Braun) U. Braun et S. Takam. parasitizing birch, but differs from it primarily by the shape of appendages. In E. dudkae, appendages are horizontal or slightly raised, with straight or somewhat curved stalks, while in E. ornata var. europaea stalks are very curved, so that appendages are almost vertical.Описується новий для науки вид Erysiphe dudkae V.P. Heluta, sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Erysiphales), що розвивається на Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. et J. Presl (Solanaceae). Він знайдений І.О. Дудкою в 2013 р. в Чорногорії у двох локалітетах. Гриб належить до секції Microsphaera (Lév.) U. Braun et Shishkoff. Морфологічно E. dudkae дуже близький до E. ornata var. europaea (U. Braun) U. Braun et S. Takam. – паразита представників роду Betula L., однак відрізняється від нього насамперед формою придатків. У E. dudkae вони горизонтальні чи дещо піднімаються, з прямими або ж слабо зігнутими стержнями, тимчасом як у E. ornata var. europaea придатки мають дуже зігнутий стержень, унаслідок чого вони майже вертикальні.Описывается новый для науки вид Erysiphe dudkae V.P. Heluta, sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Erysiphales), который развивается на Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. et J. Presl (Solanaceae). Он найден И.А. Дудкой в 2013 г. в Черногории в двух локалитетах. Гриб принадлежит к секции Microsphaera (Lév.) U. Braun et Shishkoff. Морфологически E. dudkae очень близкий к E. ornata var. europaea (U. Braun) U. Braun et S. Takam. – паразиту представителей рода Betula L., однако отличается от него прежде всего формой придатков. У E. dudkae они горизонтальные или же несколько приподнимающиеся, с прямыми или же слабо согнутыми стержнями, в то время как у E. ornata var. europaea придатки имеют сильно согнутый стержень, вследствие чего они почти вертикальные.The author is grateful to Prof. I.O. Dudka for kindly providing of specimens of B. suaveolens leaves infected with powdery mildew. The author also thanks Dr. Vira Hayova for help with the English and valuable comments on the manuscript

    Erysiphe dudkae sp. nov. – новый вид мучнисторосяных грибов на Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae) из Черногории

    No full text
    A new species, Erysiphe dudkae V.P. Heluta, sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Erysiphales), on Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. et J. Presl (Solanaceae) is described. The fungus was collected by Irina O. Dudka in 2013 in Montenegro in two localities. It belongs to the section Microsphaera (Lév.) U. Braun et Shishkoff. Morphologically, E. dudkae is very similar to E. ornata var. europaea (U. Braun) U. Braun et S. Takam. parasitizing birch, but differs from it primarily by the shape of appendages. In E. dudkae, appendages are horizontal or slightly raised, with straight or somewhat curved stalks, while in E. ornata var. europaea stalks are very curved, so that appendages are almost vertical.Описується новий для науки вид Erysiphe dudkae V.P. Heluta, sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Erysiphales), що розвивається на Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. et J. Presl (Solanaceae). Він знайдений І.О. Дудкою в 2013 р. в Чорногорії у двох локалітетах. Гриб належить до секції Microsphaera (Lév.) U. Braun et Shishkoff. Морфологічно E. dudkae дуже близький до E. ornata var. europaea (U. Braun) U. Braun et S. Takam. – паразита представників роду Betula L., однак відрізняється від нього насамперед формою придатків. У E. dudkae вони горизонтальні чи дещо піднімаються, з прямими або ж слабо зігнутими стержнями, тимчасом як у E. ornata var. europaea придатки мають дуже зігнутий стержень, унаслідок чого вони майже вертикальні.Описывается новый для науки вид Erysiphe dudkae V.P. Heluta, sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Erysiphales), который развивается на Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. et J. Presl (Solanaceae). Он найден И.А. Дудкой в 2013 г. в Черногории в двух локалитетах. Гриб принадлежит к секции Microsphaera (Lév.) U. Braun et Shishkoff. Морфологически E. dudkae очень близкий к E. ornata var. europaea (U. Braun) U. Braun et S. Takam. – паразиту представителей рода Betula L., однако отличается от него прежде всего формой придатков. У E. dudkae они горизонтальные или же несколько приподнимающиеся, с прямыми или же слабо согнутыми стержнями, в то время как у E. ornata var. europaea придатки имеют сильно согнутый стержень, вследствие чего они почти вертикальные.The author is grateful to Prof. I.O. Dudka for kindly providing of specimens of B. suaveolens leaves infected with powdery mildew. The author also thanks Dr. Vira Hayova for help with the English and valuable comments on the manuscript
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