47 research outputs found
The influence of the women on Kafkas work. An introduction
No full textTeilw. zugl.: Bamberg, Univ., Zulassungsarb., 2006/07 u.d.T.: Kraiczi, Florian: Der Einfluss der Kafka-FrauenDiese Einführung beschäftigt sich mit den wichtigsten Partnerinnen Franz Kafkas und analysiert unter Zuhilfenahme biographischer Skizzen deren Einfluss auf sein literarisches Schaffen. Neben grundlegenden Informationen zu seinem Leben werden auch die bekanntesten und wichtigsten Werke Kafkas vorgestellt, analysiert und in Beziehung zum Einfluss der Frauen gesetzt, sowie der schwelende Konflikt zwischen seiner Arbeit, seinem Schreiben und seinen Beziehungen als Grundproblematik herausgearbeitet. „Der Einfluss der Frauen auf Kafkas Werk“ dient sowohl als Hilfestellung beim ersten Herantasten an Franz Kafka, als auch als Übersicht über seine wichtigsten Erzählungen und Romane. Mit dem chronologischen Abriss seiner Beziehungen und Werke fungiert diese Einführung damit als Grundlage für das weiterführende Studium. Über den Autor: Florian Kraiczi (geboren 1981 in Coburg) studierte Germanistik für das Lehramt an Hauptschulen an der Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg und beginnt im September mit dem Referendariat. Grundlage dieses Buches war seine Zulassungsarbeit „Der Einfluss der Kafka-Frauen“, die er in den Jahren 2006 / 2007 am Lehrstuhl für Neuere deutsche Literaturwissenschaft in Bamberg unter der Betreuung von Prof. Dr. Heinz Gockel verfasste.This introduction is concerned with the most important female partners of Franz Kafka and analyses their influence on his literary working process by using biographical sketches. Among basic informations about his life, the most famous and important texts of Franz Kafka are presented, analysed and compared to his relationships with his partners. The latent conflict between his work, writing and relationships is being worked out as a basic problem. „Der Einfluss der Frauen auf Kafkas Werk“ serves both as help for the first approach to Franz Kafka, and as a summary of his most important stories and novels. With the chronological outline of his relationships and texts this book functions as a foundation for deeper studies. About the author: Florian Kraiczi (born 1981 in Coburg / Germany) studied German philology for teaching in secondary modern schools at the Otto-Friedrich-University in Bamberg and will begin as a trainee teacher in september. The basis of this book was his licence work „Der Einfluss der Kafka-Frauen“ witch he wrote in the years 2006 / 2007 under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Heinz Gockel, professor for newer German literature in Bamberg
Trait-dependent occupancy dynamics of birds in temperate forest landscapes: fine-scale observations in a hierarchical multi-species framework
No full textSilvicultural practices lead to changes in forest composition and structure and may impact species diversity from the overall regional species pool to stand-level species occurrence. We explored to what extent fine-scale occupancy patterns in differently managed forest stands are driven by environment and ecological traits in three regions in Germany using a multi-species hierarchical model. We tested for the possible impact of environmental variables and ecological traits on occupancy dynamics in a joint modelling exercise while taking possible variation in coefficient estimates over years and plots into account. Bird species richness differed across regions and years, and trends in species richness across years were different in the three regions. On the species level, forest management affected occupancy of species in all regions, but only 3–5% of the total assemblage-level variation in occurrence probability was explained by either forest type and successional stage and < 1% by forest edge. On the assemblage level, bird occurrence decreased with body mass in all regions. Species with smaller breeding ranges had lower occurrence probabilities in one region, while later spring arrival decreased occurrence probabilities in the two other regions. Spatial variation in the effect size of trait covariates such as species phylogeny and breeding strata showed that variation in patch occupancy due to fine-scale differences in forest management is, to some extent, predictable from ecological traits. Our results show that environmental factors and ecological traits jointly predict variation in bird occupancy patterns and their response to forest management. Observations at the fine scale of forest stands, at which conservation efforts can be arranged along with forest management practices in heterogeneous environments, have been shown to provide meaningful insights despite the difficulties involved in monitoring mobile organisms such as birds at the plot level.K. Wells, R. B. O'Hara, S. M. Böhm, S. Gockel, A. Hemp, S. C. Renner, S. Pfeiffer, K. Böhning-Gaese, and E. K. V. Kalk
Environmental Factors Affect Acidobacterial Communities below the Subgroup Level in Grassland and Forest Soils
No full textIn soil, Acidobacteria constitute on average 20% of all bacteria, are highly diverse, and are physiologically active in situ. However, their individual functions and interactions with higher taxa in soil are still unknown. Here, potential effects of land use, soil properties, plant diversity, and soil nanofauna on acidobacterial community composition were studied by cultivation-independent methods in grassland and forest soils from three different regions in Germany. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries representing all studied soils revealed that grassland soils were dominated by subgroup Gp6 and forest soils by subgroup Gp1 Acidobacteria. The analysis of a large number of sites (n = 57) by 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting methods (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism [T-RFLP] and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE]) showed that Acidobacteria diversities differed between grassland and forest soils but also among the three different regions. Edaphic properties, such as pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, phosphorus, nitrate, ammonium, soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil respiration, had an impact on community composition as assessed by fingerprinting. However, interrelations with environmental parameters among subgroup terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) differed significantly, e.g., different Gp1 T-RFs correlated positively or negatively with nitrogen content. Novel significant correlations of Acidobacteria subpopulations (i.e., individual populations within subgroups) with soil nanofauna and vascular plant diversity were revealed only by analysis of clone sequences. Thus, for detecting novel interrelations of environmental parameters with Acidobacteria, individual populations within subgroups have to be considered.Astrid Naether, Bärbel U. Foesel, Verena Naegele, Pia K. Wüst, Jan Weinert, Michael Bonkowski, Fabian Alt, Yvonne Oelmann, Andrea Polle, Gertrud Lohaus, Sonja Gockel, Andreas Hemp, Elisabeth K. V. Kalko, Karl Eduard Linsenmair, Simone Pfeiffer, Swen Renner, Ingo Schöning, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Konstans Wells, Markus Fischer, Jörg Overmann, and Michael W. Friedric
I. Development of three-component alkene carboamination reactions II. Palladium-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov oxidative amination of alkenes III. Chloroform as a carbon monoxide precursor: in or ex situ generation of co for pd-catalyzed carbonylations IV. Hydroalkylation of alkenes via photoredox catalysis
No full textThe design of methods that streamline the synthesis of small organic molecules is a critical facet of organic chemistry, impacting core scientific fields with important societal implications. In the medical sciences, for instance, the treatment of diseases is a major public health concern that relies heavily on the availability of effective pharmaceuticals. The facility with which drugs are discovered and developed is dependent on the availability of synthetic methods. In the agricultural sciences, in an era of tumultuous climate change and increasing food demands, production capacity hinges on advancements in agrochemistry, fertilizers, fungicides, and herbicides. As everyday energy consumption continues to rise, the strive for sustainability pivots around the engineering of highly efficient methods for molecule construction. Organic synthesis is the engine with which scientific progress in these critical fields is made, and reaction development lies at the core.
In assessing compound classes found in the fields of medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry, it was recognized that nitrogen functionalities play an important role in imparting function to molecules. In a survey of nearly 3600 drug candidates synthesized between 2008 and 2011 by GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca, 80% of compounds contain at least one amine and 65% of compounds feature amide moieties. In a separate analysis it was found that 84% of structurally unique small-molecule drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration contain at least one nitrogen atom. In a 1995 statement from the United States Department of the Interior, 85% of the top 96 herbicides used in the U.S. contained nitrogen functionalities. A more recent disclosure by the United States Department of Agriculture shows that in 2012, 68% of the twenty-five most used pesticides and herbicides contained nitrogen. Given the high value of nitrogen-containing functionalities, the development and refinement of amination methodology for organic synthesis is a critical objective in the discovery and development of functional molecules.
We have developed three approaches for the three-component carboamination of alkenes. The first leverages the umpolung tactic, using electrophilic amines and nucleophilic carbon components. An uncatalyzed mechanism involving radical intermediates was elucidated. The reaction displays poor chemoselectivity due to the formation of an oxyamination byproduct. The alkene scope is modest, with electron rich vinylarenes representing a uniquely chemoselective substrate class.
This initial foray into carboamination yielded important mechanistic insight and informed the development of the Cu-catalyzed carboamination of alkenes with alkyl halides and amines. The phenomenon of neighboring group assistance in a copper-mediated amination step was elucidated, allowing for the further development of this system to achieve general three-component carbofunctionalization. The third approach, the oxidative carboamination of alkenes, uses alkylboronic acids to access broader classes of alkylamine products.
The anti-Marknovnikov oxidative amination of alkenes represents a critical regioselectivity gap in the aza-Wacker reaction. We have developed a palladium catalyst capable of promoting a sterically-controlled outer-sphere aminopalladation process to selectively forge anti-Markovnikov adducts. A chain-walking process was discovered and later leveraged for the formation of aminoketones from homoallylic alcohols.
The carbonylation of organic halides utilizing chloroform as the carbonyl source has also been developed. This new carbonylation method allows for the amino-, thio-, and alkoxycarbonylation of aryl and vinyl halides to access diverse carboxylic acid derivatives. The method has also been applied to the carbonylative Suzuki-Miyaura reaction for the synthesis of ketones. A key discovery in the development of this method is the rapid hydrolysis of chloroform promoted by heterogeneous cesium hydroxide as a base.
Finally, the hydroalkylation of alkenes utilizing a photocatalyst has been achieved. Soft organometallic species and carboxylic acids serve as shelf-stable alkyl fragments and can be appended to vinylarenes through a radical mechanism. The functional group tolerance of this reaction is excellent, owing to very mild conditions. C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds can be forged in an approach alternative to traditional coupling reactions.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2021-08-01The student, Samuel Gockel, accepted the attached license on 2019-05-31 at 10:17.The student, Samuel Gockel, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-05-31 at 10:36.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-06-03 at 15:11.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14008 on 2019-11-26 at 13:02:47Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-26T20:49:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 12
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How psychological safety influences conversational behavior in self-organized teams -A multilevel perspective
No full textZiel dieser Studie ist es, Faktoren auf individueller Ebene zu untersuchen, die zur Entstehung von psychologischer Sicherheit führen und die individuellen Gesprächsbeteiligung beeinflussen. Auf der Gruppenebene wird untersucht, wie das Gesprächsverhalten eines Teams die Beziehung zwischen psychologischer Sicherheit im Team und der Teamleistung mediiert.
In der folgenden Studie werden insgesamt 51 Arbeitsteams in Online- oder Face-to-Face-Settings untersucht. Die Teams absolvierten die von Lafferty & Pond (1974) entwickelte Aufgabe Desert Survival Situation, die darauf abzielt, Gruppen und deren Prozess der Entscheidungsfindung festzuhalten. Auf Grundlage der Gruppenübung wurde die objektive Teamleistung ermittelt, die individuelle Gesprächsbeteiligung, die un/gleiche Verteilung der Gesprächsbeiträge im Team sowie das Gesprächstempo im Team gemessen. Die psychologische Sicherheit wurde auf individueller Ebene mit einem von Edmondson (1999) entwickelten, validierten Fragebogen gemessen, bevor der Mittelwert auf die Teamebene aggregiert wurde. Persönlichkeitsmerkmale auf individueller Ebene (Neurotizismus und Extraversion), die Identifikation mit dem Team und die vorhergesagte Teamleistung wurden ebenfalls mit validierten Fragebögen gemessen.
Auf der Individuum-Ebene zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Studie, dass Neurotizismus, Teamidentifikation und erwartete Teamleistung psychologische Sicherheit vorhersagen. Darüber hinaus stellt sich heraus, dass nicht nur Extraversion und individuelle Dauer der Teamzugehörigkeit die Gesprächsbeteiligung der Teammitglieder vorhersagen, sondern dass auch psychologische Sicherheit ein Prädiktor für die individuelle Gesprächsbeteiligung der Teammitglieder während einer Diskussion ist. Auf der Gruppenebene konnten unsere Annahmen, dass psychologische Sicherheit des Teams die Teamleistung vorhersagt und dass diese Beziehung durch eine gleichmäßige Verteilung sowie ein hohes Tempo der Gesprächsbeiträge vermittelt wird, nicht bestätigt werden.This present study aims to examine individual-level factors that lead to the emergence of psychological safety and conversational participation. At group level, I aim to understand how the conversational behavior of a team mediates the relationship between team psychological safety and team performance.
In this study, I assessed a total of 51 work teams in online or face-to-face settings. Teams completed the Desert Survival Situation task developed by Lafferty & Pond (1974) aiming to research groups and how they make decisions. From the team score, the objective team performance measure was retrieved. Conversational participation, distribution, and pace of conversational turn-taking were assessed by coding the number of conversational turns of each team member during the task. Baseline psychological safety was measured on the individual level through a validated questionnaire, developed by Edmondson (1999) before aggregating the mean to the team level. Individual-level personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion), team identification, and predicted team performance were also measured through validated questionnaires.
On the individual level of analysis, results show that neuroticism, team identification, and expected team performance predict psychological safety. Furthermore, I find that extraversion and individual team tenure predicted individual conversational participation and psychological safety was related to how actively team members contributed to a discussion during the team task. On the group level of analysis, the assumptions, that team psychological safety predicted team performance, and that this relationship was mediated through an equal distribution as well as a high pace of conversational turn-takings, could not be supported
The coordinate system of imagination. Fritz Rudolf Fries's Trojan Text-Horses and the Spanish as a catalyser
No full textBamberg, Univ., Diss., 2006Der Schriftsteller FRITZ RUDOLF FRIES gilt nicht grundlos als schwerverständlich, denn seine Romane weisen eine äußerst komplizierte Diktion auf. Die in die Werke eingeflochtenen Rekurse auf die spanische Sprache, Literatur, Kultur und Geschichte erschweren das Textverständnis dermaßen, dass sich bei der Lektüre unwillkürlich die Frage aufdrängt, weshalb der Autor einen derart aufwendigen Schreibstil entwickelt hat. Da der aus Spanien stammende Literat den Großteil seines Lebens in Ostdeutschland verbracht hat, liegt die Vermutung nahe, dass sein komplizierter Duktus eine subtile Taktik zur Zensurumgehung sein könnte. Die weit verbreitete These, FRIES habe zu DDR-Zeiten literarische Kassiber verfasst, ist indes argumentativ noch nicht belegt worden. Die Dissertation "Das Koordinatensystem der Vorstellungskraft" befasst sich daher mit den eingeflochtenen spanischen Elementen und den subversiven Inhalten der DDR-Romane "Septembersong", "Der Weg nach Oobliadooh", "Das Luft-Schiff", "Alexanders neue Welten" und "Die Väter im Kino".The author FRITZ RUDOLF FRIES is not without cause considered a difficult read. His writing style is very complex, since he creates in his novels a dense reference system to Spanish language, literature, culture and history. The question thus arises, why the author has developed such a complicated style. FRIES, who originates from Spain and has spent most of his life in East-Germany, is an author of the former GDR. Hence one may be inclined to suppose that his convoluted diction is designed for censorship evasion. Yet the widespread notion that his novels, written in GDR-times, include hidden messages still lacks argumentative proof. The dissertation "The Coordinate System of Imagination" therefore concentrates on the analysis of inserted Spanish elements and the subversive content of the GDR-novels "Septembersong", "Der Weg nach Oobliadooh", "Das Luft-Schiff", "Alexanders neue Welten" and "Die Väter im Kino"
Steady-state voltage profile and reactive power balance for EHV AC cable systems in the Randstad 380 project
No full textIn the current society, energy is getting more and more important and one of the most important energy carriers is electricity. TenneT TSO b.v, being the Dutch Transmission System Operator and the administrator of the national transmission grid is responsible not only for the continuity of the electricity supply, but also for the reliability and security of the grid. The growing demand for electricity and the liberalisation of the energy market have both contributed to a higher demand for transmission capacity. Energy is being transmitted over longer distances and existing power lines are deemed insufficient. To retain the current reliability and availability, investments have to be made. One of these investments is the project Randstad 380, which aims to ensure the supply and availability of electricity to the most densely populated region in The Netherlands, called the Randstad. In conjunction with government bodies and interest groups, TenneT has decided to implement 20 km of this connection using an underground cable. The study analyses the effect on the local steady-state voltage profile and reactive power balance for a partial implementation of the Randstad 380 project using an EHV AC underground cable system. The study also serves as an introduction to the Randstad 380 project, with a focus on the technical considerations and concerns related to the steady-state operation of underground cables at extra high voltage (EHV) level. The proposed underground cable system is unique in the world compared to existing EHV AC cable systems in terms of power rating and required total cable length.Electrical Power EngineeringElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Implementing large-scale and long-term functional biodiversity research: The Biodiversity Exploratories
No full textFunctional biodiversity research explores drivers and functional consequences of biodiversity changes Land use change is a major driver of changes of biodiversity and of biogeochemical and biological ecosystem processes and services However, land use effects on genetic and species diversity are well documented only for a few taxa and trophic networks We hardly know how different components of biodiversity and their responses to land use change are interrelated and very little about the simultaneous, and interacting, effects of land use on multiple ecosystem processes and services Moreover, we do not know to what extent land use effects on ecosystem processes and services are mediated by biodiversity change Thus, overall goals are on the one hand to understand the effects of land use on biodiversity and on the other to understand the modifying role of biodiversity change for land-use effects on ecosystem processes, including biogeochemical cycles To comprehensively address these Important questions, we recently established a new large-scale and long-term project for functional biodiversity, the Biodiversity Exploratories (www biodiversity-exploratories de) They comprise a hierarchical set of standardized field plots in three different regions of Germany covering manifold management types and intensities in grasslands and forests They serve as a joint research platform for currently 40 projects involving over 300 people studying various aspects of the relationships between land use biodiversity and ecosystem processes through monitoring, comparative observation and experiments We introduce guiding questions, concept and design of the Biodiversity Exploratories - including main aspects of selection and implementation of field plots and project structure - and we discuss the significance of this approach for further functional biodiversity research This includes the crucial relevance of a common study design encompassing variation in both drivers and outcomes of biodiversity change and ecosystem processes, the interdisciplinary integration of biodiversity and ecosystem researchers, the training of a new generation of integrative biodiversity researchers, and the stimulation of functional biodiversity research in real landscape contexts, in Germany and elsewhere (C) 2010 Gesellschaft fur Okologie Published by Elsevier GmbH All rights reserve
High plant species richness indicates management-related disturbances rather than the conservation status of forests
No full textThere is a wealth of smaller-scale studies on the effects of forest management on plant diversity. However, studies comparing plant species diversity in forests with different management types and intensity, extending over different regions and forest stages, and including detailed information on site conditions are missing. We studied vascular plants on 1500 20 m × 20 m forest plots in three regions of Germany (Schwäbische Alb, Hainich-Dün, Schorfheide-Chorin). In all regions, our study plots comprised different management types (unmanaged, selection cutting, deciduous and coniferous age-class forests, which resulted from clear cutting or shelterwood logging), various stand ages, site conditions, and levels of management-related disturbances. We analyzed how overall richness and richness of different plant functional groups (trees, shrubs, herbs, herbaceous species typically growing in forests and herbaceous light-demanding species) responded to the different management types. On average, plant species richness was 13% higher in age-class than in unmanaged forests, and did not differ between deciduous age-class and selection forests. In age-class forests of the Schwäbische Alb and Hainich-Dün, coniferous stands had higher species richness than deciduous stands. Among age-class forests, older stands with large quantities of standing biomass were slightly poorer in shrub and light-demanding herb species than younger stands. Among deciduous forests, the richness of herbaceous forest species was generally lower in unmanaged than in managed forests, and it was even 20% lower in unmanaged than in selection forests in Hainich-Dün. Overall, these findings show that disturbances by management generally increase plant species richness. This suggests that total plant species richness is not suited as an indicator for the conservation status of forests, but rather indicates disturbances.Es gibt eine Fülle kleinerer Studien über die Auswirkungen von Waldbewirtschaftung auf die Vielfalt von Pflanzenarten. Es fehlen jedoch vergleichende Studien über die Vielfalt von Pflanzenarten in unterschiedlich bewirtschafteten Wäldern, die in verschiedenen Regionen und Bestandesaltersklassen durchgeführt wurden und zudem detaillierte Informationen über Standortbedingungen berücksichtigt haben. Wir untersuchten Gefäßpflanzen auf 1500 Waldflächen mit einer Größe von jeweils 20 m × 20 m in drei Regionen Deutschlands (Schwäbische Alb, Hainich-Dün, Schorfheide-Chorin). In allen Regionen deckten wir mit unseren Untersuchungsflächen verschiedene Bewirtschaftungsmethoden (unbewirtschaftet, Dauerwald, durch Kahl- oder Schirmschlag entstandene Laub-und Nadelholz Altersklassenwälder), verschiedene Bestandesalter, Standortbedingungen und Störungsintensitäten ab. Wir analysierten, wie die Gesamtartenvielfalt und jene verschiedener funktioneller Pflanzengruppen (Bäume, Sträucher, Kräuter, typische Waldkräuter und lichtbedürftige Kräuter) von unterschiedlichen Bewirtschaftungsmethoden beeinflusst wird. Im Durchschnitt war die Artenvielfalt 13% höher in Altersklassenwäldern als in unbewirtschafteten Beständen, während sich Laubholz-Altersklassenwälder und Dauerwälder nicht unterschieden. In Altersklassenwäldern der Schwäbischen Alb und des Hainich-Dün wiesen Nadelholzbestände eine höhere Pflanzenartenvielfalt als Laubholzbestände auf. Ältere Altersklassenwälder mit großem Holzvorrat hatten eine niedrigere Vielfalt von Straucharten und lichtbedürftigen Kräutern als jüngere. In ungenutzten Laubwäldern war die Vielfalt von krautigen, typischen Waldarten generell niedriger als in bewirtschafteten Laubwäldern. Im Hainich-Dün kamen 20% weniger Pflanzenarten in ungenutzten als in Dauerwäldern vor. Insgesamt zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass Störungen durch Waldbewirtschaftung im Allgemeinen die Pflanzenartenvielfalt erhöhen. Dies impliziert jedoch, dass die Gesamtartenvielfalt von Pflanzen nicht als Indikator für den Erhaltungszustand von Wäldern geeignet ist, sondern eher Störungen durch Waldbewirschaftung anzeigt
Gekränkte Freiheit? Eine Buchkritik
No full textHolded freedom? A book criticismOur contribution offers a criticism of the book offended freedom. Aspects of the libertarian authoritarianism by Carolin Amlinger and Oliver Nachtwey. The book is based on qualitative interviews, especially with supporters of the "cross-thinking scene". We outline his history and shed light on the methodological approach as well as accompanying statements by the author and the author after the publication. There are considerable doubts as to whether the impartiality with which such a study should have been carried out remained. The impression arises that Amlinger and Nachwey do not generate any new knowledge about “lateral thinkers”, but above all write a book against “lateral thinkers” and themselves distribute authoritarian thinking patterns in order to disavow criticism. This finding deserves further attention, since the book with its striking claims does not remain in the academic department, but aims at influencing public discourse
