39 research outputs found
O CAPITAL INTERNACIONAL DENTRO DO SISTEMA INTERNACIONAL: A INFLUÊNCIA DAS AGÊNCIAS DE RATING NAS POLÍTICAS ECONÔMICAS DO BRASIL
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Sócio-Econômico. Relações Internacionais.As alterações provindas da globalização levaram a uma nova dinâmica do sistema internacional. No que diz respeito à nova ordem econômica que surge a partir da globalização, a desregulamentação e a liberalização são os elementos fundamentais do novo regime financeiro internacional. Esse novo regime financeiro permitiu a ascensão e consolidação dos investidores institucionais, do processo de securitização e do surgimento dos derivativos. Ademais, o sistema vigente torna-se muito especulativo e volátil com grande mobilidade de capitais. Portanto, neste contexto de incertezas e assimetria de informações ganham destaque as agências de rating. O estudo deste trabalho é baseado no grau de influência política que estas agências podem sofrer dos governos/empresas na classificação dos títulos; assim como, analisar a influência das agências de rating nas políticas domésticas. O objeto de análise é o Brasil, principalmente, a partir da estabilidade econômica de 1994, passando pela transição do governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso para o governo Lula, e os anos subsequentes até o momento atual
Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti y la obra Pudica Isabella
No full textEl manuscrito de la obra de Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti Pudica Isabel se conserva inédito en la Sächsische Landesbibliothek de Dresde. De esta obra el autor realizó dos redacciones. Una, Trattato de Pudicizia, es posterior a 1484, año en que murió su esposa Francesca Bruni, y la dedicó a su cuñada, Colomba Bruni. Años más tarde, escribió otra versión, que dedicó a Isabel la Católica, bajo el título de Pudica Isabel, como el mismo autor declara. Nuestro artículo plantea unas cuestiones sobre la naturaleza de esta obra y las fuentes clásicas de los exempla que usó el autor.-- The manuscript of Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti Pudica Isabel is kept unpublished in the Sächsische Landesbibliothek in Dresde. The author made two redactions of this work. One Trattato de Pudicizia after 1484, the year his wife Francesca Bruni died, which he dedicated to his sister-in-law, Colomba Bruni. Years later he wrote another version, which he dedicated to Isabella of Castile, under the title of Pudica Isabel, as the author himself declares. Our article raises some questions about the nature of this work and the classical sources of the exempla used by the author
Giovanni Sabadino Degli Arienti and the Work Pudica Isabel
No full textThe manuscript of Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti Pudica Isabel is kept unpublished in the Sächsische Landesbibliothek in Dresde. The author made two redactions of this work. One Trattato de Pudicizia after 1484, the year his wife Francesca Bruni died, which he dedicated to his sister-in-law, Colomba Bruni. Years later he wrote another version, which he dedicated to Isabella of Castile, under the title of Pudica Isabel, as the author himself declares. Our article raises some questions about the nature of this work and the classical sources of the exempla used by the author.El manuscrito de la obra de Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti Pudica Isabel se conserva inédito en la Sächsische Landesbibliothek de Dresde. De esta obra el autor realizó dos redacciones. Una, Trattato de Pudicizia, es posterior a 1484, año en que murió su esposa Francesca Bruni, y la dedicó a su cuñada, Colomba Bruni. Años más tarde, escribió otra versión, que dedicó a Isabel la Católica, bajo el título de Pudica Isabel, como el mismo autor declara. Nuestro artículo plantea unas cuestiones sobre la naturaleza de esta obra y las fuentes clásicas de los exempla que usó el autor
Investigating the metabolic plasticity of inflammatory neutrophils during infection
No full textNeutrophils are required to function and survive under challenging conditions characterised by tissue hypoxia and nutrient scarcity. Neutrophils are well suited to rapidly respond to infection and engage with metabolic pathways for the rapid generation of substrates used to meet their energy demands, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and delaying constitutive apoptosis programmes. By using a variety of assays, I investigated the dynamic metabolic adaptations of infected neutrophils exposed to both hypoxia and glucose depletion. I observed that glucose depletion reduces apoptosis of infected neutrophils, and that hypoxia further promotes neutrophil phagocytosis. Mass spectrometry metabolite quantification and metabolic flux analysis revealed that neutrophils upregulate the pentose phosphate pathway to sustain ROS production and bacterial killing. Gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis and the glycerol 3-phosphate pathways are all critical for neutrophil bacterial control and hypoxic adaptation. Finally, investigation of PHD3-/- neutrophils revealed a phenotype of improved bacterial control and reduced inflammation which might have beneficial therapeutic implication
External validity of definition of rehabilitation in health
No full textBackground. A definition of rehabilitation in health (medical rehabilitation) (RIH-MR) must be valid both for those in and out of the field. In scientific papers, internal validity refers to the possibility of a study to explain its findings without biases, external validity to generalizability of results to other contexts.
Here we consider the first the possibility to describe with the definition all what we do in RIH-MR, and the latter the possibility to rule out anything that is not RIH-MR.
In Cochrane Rehabilitation (CR) we first faced the problem when a Cochrane Systematic Review (CSR) on Penile Rehabilitation was published. The review dealt only with drugs; we considered inappropriate the use of the term rehabilitation but lacked a definition of RIH-MR to confirm our thesis.
Objective. the aim was to quantify the phenomenon looking at all the CSRs claiming to study rehabilitation and comparing to the definitions provided by CR, PubMed (Mesh Term) and the author judgment.
Methods: We performed a search of the all CSRs published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews with the presence of the term “rehabilitation” in the title. Exclusion criteria were: editorial, updated CSRs, withdrawn CSRs. A content analysis of the CSRs included/excluded by each classification was performed. For each field/intervention, the author judged the classifications of CR and PM coherent if all CSRs were included or excluded, incoherent if some CSRs were included and other excluded.
Results: Out of 14,816 records, we found 139 papers with the term rehabilitation in the title. We analyzed 89 CSRs and CR included 94.4% of CSRs, the author 91%, PubMed only 50.5%. 4 reviews and Cancer and vestibular rehabilitation fields were judged non-RIH-MR by all classifications. CR incoherently excluded one review related to exercises cardiac rehabilitation. The author excluded 4 reviews included by CR as the provided interventions were not considered rehabilitation. All the other CSRs were judged consistently by CR and the author. Only the neurological field was coherently included by PM, albeit excluded in all cases with application of cognitive and neuropsychological interventions. We did not find coherence for all the other fields and interventions.
Conclusion. The results highlight the possibility to exclude “single interventions” from the definition, even if they are classically considered in the field of rehabilitation. Consequently, we could provide a definition of “rehabilitation intervention”, and this could be considered in terms of the professionals providing the intervention.
Patient or healthcare consumer involvement. Not applicable
The use of language methodology for disseminating Cochrane Evidence through Cochrane Corners : Cochrane Rehabilitation experience.
No full textBackground. Health literacy has been recognized for a long time as an important factor both for understanding health information and prediction of health status. There are many efforts to translate health information in different languages, but particular challenge for achieving appropriate health literacy are systematic reviews of health interventions, because they summarize evidence from individual studies to help doctors and patients make informed choices about health treatments. One of these efforts are Cochrane Corners, a knowledge translation tool to disseminate Cochrane Evidence to make sure that all health professionals can make use of the best available evidence in their clinical work.
Objectives. The aim of this work is to highlight the use of qualitative statements, in Cochrane Corners, produced by Cochrane rehabilitation, to communicate the clinical implications of rehabilitation interventions to the clinicians, founded on the certainty of evidence.
Methods. Cochrane Corners have a specific structure: they are authored by one author who is rehabilitation professional to make comments from a rehabilitation perspective, the main section is founded on the summary of Cochrane Review contents and the last section is dedicated to “clinical implication for rehabilitation professionals”. It is founded on the use of qualitative statements, proposed by Cochrane Norway, to communicate the magnitude of rehabilitation intervention effects on specific outcome, based on the certainty of evidence.
Results. We published 8 Cochrane Corners on neurorehabilitation, rheumatology, musculoskeletal diseases and pain conditions. In each Cochrane Corner, it has been provided the clinical implications of each rehabilitation intervention in traumatic brain injury, stroke, fibromyalgia, migraine in adults and in older people living in community.
Conclusion. The use of qualitative statement is a good instrument to improve the applicability of evidence to clinical practice.
Patient or healthcare consumer involvement. Not applicable.
Relevance to diversity. The research addressed to rehabilitation clinicians to use short summary of Cochrane Systematic Reviews in rehabilitation field and to inform clinical and public health decisions on better evidence
The new rehabilitation definition for research purposes could improve rehabilitation description in Cochrane Systematic Reviews
No full textIntroduction: In 2022, Cochrane Rehabilitation developed a new definition of rehabili-
tation for research purposes with 80 global stakeholders, aiming to support and improve
the production and reporting of primary and evidence‐synthesis rehabilitation studies.
Objective:
1. To compare how Cochrane Systematic Review (CSR) authors describe rehabilitation
interventions against criteria derived from the new rehabilitation definition.
2. To assess limitations or gaps in the rehabilitation definition.
Methods: We analysed a sample of 124 randomly selected CSRs tagged in the
Cochrane Rehabilitation database. We converted the Cochrane Rehabilitation defi-
nition for research purposes into a set of 13 criteria grouped according to the four
PICO elements and searched for the corresponding key elements in each CSR. We
verified if and where in the review these elements were present. Two reviewers
rated each CSR, resolving disagreements with a third author when needed. We
analysed the findings using descriptive statistics.
Results: Eight (6.5%) of 124 CSRs met all rehabilitation definition criteria. These were
CSRs that investigated the effects of complex rehabilitation interventions. Three (2.4%)
CSRs did not meet any PICO elements. Overall, the “Intervention‐General” element and
disability criterion had the highest prevalence of absent and unclear reporting, while the
“Intervention‐Specific” and “Outcome” elements were most frequently reported, albeit
not in the “Description of the intervention” section of the review.
Discussion: This study showed that the key elements of the new rehabilitation definition
are almost always reported in publications identified as rehabilitation reviews but not
always consistently or clearly. The disability criterion was frequently unreported, given
that the main aim of rehabilitation is reducing disability. Also, the main elements of
rehabilitation were frequently not reported. We did not find important gaps in the new
definition. All elements of the new definition should be considered when writing review
protocols and designing strategies and tools on rehabilitation topics
Effectiveness of Continuous Chest Wall Vibration With Concurrent Aerobic Training on Dyspnea and Functional Exercise Capacity in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textObjective: To investigate the effects of continuous chest wall vibration with concurrent aerobic training in addition to a 4-week pulmonary rehabilitation program on dyspnea and functional exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Design: Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Setting: The Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of a tertiary referral subacute rehabilitation center.Participants: A sample of 146 consecutive patients with COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease II-III-IV) were assessed for eligibility. The final sample of 40 patients (N=40) was randomized into 3 groups (intervention, sham intervention, control).Interventions: All groups carried out 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks of standard pulmonary rehabilitation treatment. The 2 daily 30-minute sessions included aerobic training and resistance training or airway clearance techniques. The intervention group performed the aerobic training with the addition of continuous chest wall vibration applied during cycling, whereas the sham intervention group received continuous chest wall vibration as a placebo during cycling.Main Outcome Measures: Six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and Barthel Index based on dyspnea (BID).Results: A total of 36 participants completed the study (69 +/- 7 years; forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage of predicted, 40.15%+/- 15.97%). Intention to treat analysis showed no significant differences between groups for 6MWD and BID. However, the increase in 6MWD was a clinically important difference in the intervention group (42.57 +/- 43.87m, P=.003), with a moderate effect size (d=0.58).Conclusions: Continuous chest wall vibration with concurrent aerobic training in addition to a standard pulmonary rehabilitation program might improve functional exercise capacity compared with usual care, but there were no effects on dyspnea, respiratory muscle function, or quality of life in patients with COPD. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C) 2021 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicin
Overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews as a methodological tool to introduce Cochrane evidence in WHO guidelines: the Cochrane Rehabilitation experience
No full textBackground. The World Health Organization (WHO), following its “Rehabilitation 2030: a call for action”, launched a process to develop the Package of Rehabilitation Intervention (PRI), a minimum set to be proposed to all Health Ministries to achieve Universal Health Coverage, a WHO strategic priority. Cochrane Rehabilitation has been involved in developing the methodology of the PRI, and in providing the relevant Cochrane Evidence. Overviews of systematic reviews are a new methodology to synthesise the results of multiple systematic reviews. Since PRI is produced for different health intervention, overviews of Cochrane Systematic Reviews are a good tool to introduce Cochrane Evidence in the PRI.
Objectives. The aim is to present the methodology developed to answer to the requests of WHO in the development of PRI.
Methods. The main health condition studied has been stroke. The literature search used was the “tagging process” of Cochrane Rehabilitation as reported by Levack et al (Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2019). The search was limited to the last 10 years. The reviewers collected for each CSR author, publication year, title, date of search, n° of included studies (n° of participants), population, setting, intervention, control, outcome, corresponding risk (95% CI), relative effect (95% CI), quality of evidence (GRADE), statistical method, heterogeneity, upgrade or downgrade motivation. Where not available in the original CSR, the Table of Findings with GRADE evaluation has been performed.
Results. We found 62 CSRs (to September 2018): 33 had GRADE evaluation and 29 did not. The study is still ongoing: final results will be provided to the WHO in April 2019 and will be reported at the Colloquium.
Conclusions. This study will provide recommendations on stroke rehabilitation, for different outcomes, based on Cochrane Evidence.
Patient or healthcare consumer involvement. Not applicable.
Relevance to diversity. The research addressed to rehabilitation stakeholders. The recommendations on stroke rehabilitation are important for all rehabilitation stakeholders to use better evidence that inform clinical and public health decisions
The 3rd Cochrane Rehabilitation Methodology Meeting: "Rehabilitation definition for scientific research purposes"
No full text
