1,720,956 research outputs found
Descriptions of Kinyarwanda Paradigmatic Relations within the Prototype Theory
No full textThis article describes paradigmatic relations in Kinyarwanda language. Most of the available literature on paradigmatic relations has not addressed this topic in Bantu languages. That is what motivated the author to do this analysis. The study is qualitative in nature, and it employed a case study design, with Kinyarwanda as the case. Convenience sampling procedures were used to obtain the sample for the study. Three native speakers of Kinyarwanda were selected purposively by virtue of their availability and competence in the Kinyarwanda language. Two of them were trilingual. Unstructured interviews were used to collect data from the respondents. After analyzing the data, eight (8) paradigmatic relations were revealed. These are polysemy, hyperonym, homonyms, synonyms, homographs, metonyms, patronyms, and Meronyms. The paper does not claim to have exhausted all angles of the topic under discussion. Other areas, like syntagmatic relations, need investigation to shape and develop linguistic theories on African languages
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Examining Symbolic Language-Based Approaches Used During Examinations Cheating among Tanzanian University Students
Full text linkThis paper dwells on the symbolic language-based approach pertinent to examination cheating in Tanzania's Tertiary education. The previous studies have focused in-depth on the factors for cheating, but the communication system for cheating needs investigation. The study used a case study design whereby three Tanzanian Universities were used under investigation. The study used 10 students, who had completed their third year one week ago, and they were selected purposively through a snowball sampling technique. The reason was that one week ago was the time when students did not fear as they were free from studies. Three methods of data collection were used: focus group discussion with ten (10) students who were selected purposively, observation during examinations, and document analysis. Two theories were used, namely the Curriculum Implementation theory and the Constructivism theory, for assessing the symbolic language technique for examination dishonesty. The former infers that implementation of any programme should be based on teacher ability, management of the support facilities, as well as the clarity of the implementer, and the latter refers to the learning and teaching theories for quenching competence-based approach via ‘Social Interaction’ which plays a fundamental role in the process of cognitive development. The study revealed seven techniques, such as lip and tooth shaping, tooth rolling, cuffing, tonicity, Fingerism, and abbreviations used by cheaters. Based on these findings, students can be helped to develop study habits that raise competencies in their academic endeavours; also, technologies can be designed to detect cheating, such as a camera in the examination rooms, which may make cheaters fear rather than depending on physical invigilation by invigilators
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Phonological Processes Triggered by Means of Verbs Conjugation in Bantu Languages
No full textThis study explores the complex relationship between phonological processes and verb extensions, focusing on the concept of word elasticity, which describes the transformations words undergo based on linguistic contexts. Anchored in the Generative Phonology Theory, which postulates a transition from underlying representation to surface structure, the research aims to understand the phonological outcomes stemming from verb extension morphology, particularly in Bantu languages. Employing a qualitative approach through a documentary systematic review of peer-reviewed literature and academic articles across diverse languages, findings reveal multiple phonological processes, such as elision, assimilation, and palatalization, demonstrating the dynamic shifts induced by verb conjugations. The study concludes that understanding the interplay between morphology and phonology is fundamental, emphasizing the transformative nature of verb extensions in shaping phonological processes across languages
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Phonological processes triggered by means of verbs conjugation
Full text linkThis study explores the complex relationship between phonological processes and verb extensions, focusing on the concept of word elasticity which describes the transformations words undergo based on linguistic contexts. Anchored in the Generative Phonology Theory, which postulates a transition from underlying representation to surface structure, the research aims to understand the phonological outcomes stemming from verb extension morphology, particularly in Bantu languages. Employing a qualitative approach through a documentary systematic review of peer-reviewed literature and academic articles across diverse languages, findings reveal multiple phonological processes, such as elision, assimilation, and palatalization, demonstrating the dynamic shifts induced by verb conjugations. The study concludes that understanding the interplay between morphology and phonology is fundamental, emphasizing the transformative nature of verb extensions in shaping phonological processes across languages
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