EANSO East African Nature and Science Organization Journals
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Compliance with Ethical Standards by Civil Servants and the Effectiveness of Public Services in the Context of the Government of Bomet County (Kenya)
Full text linkThe challenges associated with ethical lapses in public service delivery are increasingly becoming evident in Kenya and globally. The enforcement of ethical standards within public service is, therefore, a critical issue that significantly impacts the effectiveness and efficiency of government operations and service delivery. Ethical breaches not only undermine public trust but also hinder the overall development and well-being of a country. This study aimed to determine the effect of the enforcement of ethical standards on public service delivery by Bomet County Government in Kenya. The study objectives were to examine the effects of compliance with laws, regular monitoring of employees, and the implementation of ethics training programs on public service delivery in Bomet County, Kenya. Institutional Theory and Agency Theory guided the research. A descriptive research design was adopted. The research targeted 165 employees. The research used a statistical technique to determine the sample size of 120 respondents. A stratified sampling technique was used to pick the study respondents. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilised to analyse the quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. The findings revealed that compliance with laws, regular monitoring and implementation of ethics training programs among employees had a positive and statistically significant effect on public service delivery as indicated by a p-value of 0.002, 0.002 and 0.004, respectively. The study concluded that compliance with laws promotes transparency and accountability among employees. Regular monitoring of employees enhances adherence to standards and prompt correction of deviation, while implementation of ethics training programs positively influences service quality by fostering ethical behaviour and professionalism among staff. The study recommended that the government should strengthen and enforce national-level ethical frameworks and codes of conduct across all public institutions. This includes harmonising anti-corruption policies, establishing a centralised ethical oversight unit, and conducting regular monitoring and audits to ensure adherence to public service values
Digital Transformation and Customer Relationship Management Capability of Star-rated Hotels in Mombasa County, Kenya
Full text linkThe general objective of this study was to establish the effect of digital transformation on the customer relationship management capability of star-rated hotels in Mombasa County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to examine the effect of digital infrastructure on customer relationship management capability, establish the effect of digital strategy on customer relationship management capability and analyse the effect of data analytics on customer relationship management capability of star-rated hotels in Mombasa County. The study was founded on the Technology-Organisation-Environment Framework, the Resource-Based Theory and the Dynamic Capabilities Theory. The target population was the star-rated hotels operating in Mombasa County, and they were 43 in number according to the Mombasa County Government Trade Department report (2024). A census of the target population was done because it was relatively small. A cross-sectional research design was adopted, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire with marketing managers of the hotels being the respondents. Out of the 43 star-rated hotels, marketing managers from 37 of them responded, and this led to an 86% response rate. Data analysis was done using simple regression analysis, and the regression results indicated that Digital infrastructure, Digital strategy and Digital analytics all had a positive and significant effect on customer relationship capability of the star-rated hotels. Digital strategy had the strongest effect on the hotel’s customer relationship management capability, which suggests that improvements in strategic digital planning and alignment are most strongly associated with enhanced CRM capabilities. Based on the results of the regression analysis, the study concluded that digital transformation had a positive and significant effect on the customer relationship management capability of the star-rated hotels in Mombasa County. The study recommended that management of the hotels should prioritise strategic digital planning, invest in scalable digital infrastructure, enhance the hotels’ data analytics capabilities through staff training programs and encourage cross-functional digital collaboration within the hotels. Future studies could consider incorporating qualitative methods to capture deeper organisational perspectives on digital transformation, including challenges, cultural factors, and leadership dynamics
FDI and Trade Competitiveness in Kenya: A Long-Run Cointegration Analysis of the Export Nexus
Full text linkThe FDI-export nexus is critical to Kenya’s international trade performance, yet its long-run resilience mechanisms remain empirically contested. This study investigates the dynamic and long-run equilibrium effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Kenya’s trade competitiveness (TC) from 1993 to 2023. Grounded in New Open Economy Macroeconomics (NOEM), the research employs an explanatory design using annualised data from the World Bank, IMF, and Central Bank of Kenya. Methodologically, the study utilises the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, Johansen Cointegration, and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to identify structural relationships. Results confirm that all variables are integrated of order one, I (1), with a stable long-run cointegrating relationship. Granger causality tests reveal bi-directional flows between GDP and TC, and a robust unidirectional causal flow from FDI toward TC. VECM estimates show that FDI (β = 0.315, p < 0.05) and GDP (β = 0.150, p < 0.05) are significant long-run drivers of competitiveness, with the error correction term (ECT) validating rapid convergence to equilibrium. These findings demonstrate that FDI functions as a driver rather than an outcome of competitiveness. Consequently, the study recommends that the Government of Kenya and the Central Bank prioritise export-oriented FDI (EO-FDI) and GDP-driven diversification. This research contributes to international trade policy by providing precise time-series insights into the FDI-export performance nexus in emerging economie
An Evaluation of Instructional Strategies Used by Geography Teachers in Implementing the Geography Competence-based Curriculum in Secondary Schools in Luweero District, Uganda
Full text linkThis study evaluated instructional strategies that Geography teachers applied in the implementation of the Geography Competence-Based Curriculum in secondary schools in Luweero District. Employing a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, data were collected from 46 Geography teachers, 401 students, and 10 key informants, through questionnaires, interviews and classroom observations, and analysed by factor, correlational and content Analysis. It was found that teachers use locally developed teaching resources and actively engage learners through collaborative projects and field activities. Therefore, effective GCBC implementation is strongly associated with deliberate planning and the use of hands-on materials. It is recommended that teacher empowerment, support supervision, and access to instructional resources be improved to enable teachers to effectively use their teaching roles to support better implementation of the geography competency-based curriculum in secondary schools in Luweero District
The Gendered Parenting Dynamics: A Qualitative Inquiry into Pre-Service Teachers' Academic Adjustment in South-western Uganda
Full text linkThis study explores the influence of gendered parenting dynamics on the academic adjustment of pre-service teachers in South-western Uganda. A qualitative design utilising secondary thematic analysis was employed, drawing from focus group discussions with 44 pre-service teachers and interviews with 28 parents and 8 university administrators. The findings reveal a complex interplay of familial and institutional factors. Authoritarian parenting, sharply divided along gendered lines with fathers as distant disciplinarians, often hindered the development of student autonomy. This was compounded by experiences of neglect and financial hardship, which paradoxically served as both a significant barrier to performance and a powerful motivator for "academic proving." Furthermore, students faced systemic institutional challenges like poor timetabling. Despite these obstacles, students demonstrated agency through peer support and skill development. The study concludes that academic adjustment in this context is a negotiation between entrenched familial patterns, socioeconomic pressures, and institutional barriers. It necessitates a multi-stakeholder, ecosystem approach. Recommendations include parental sensitisation, pedagogical reforms, enhanced student counselling, and government action to foster a more supportive educational ecosystem for pre-service teacher
Environmental Stewardship for Sustainable Development: A Multi-Sectoral Review
Full text linkEnvironmental stewardship has gained prominence as a dynamic and integrative approach to addressing the mounting challenges of sustainable development. As the world grapples with ecological degradation, climate change, biodiversity loss, and persistent social inequalities, stewardship has emerged as a critical paradigm for fostering long-term environmental and societal well-being. This paper offers a comprehensive synthesis of environmental stewardship by reviewing and analysing twenty-one peer-reviewed sources, institutional reports, and conceptual contributions published between 2008 and 2025. Drawing from Social Ecological Systems (SES) theory and Environmental Governance theory, the study identifies six key thematic domains that define contemporary stewardship practice: conceptual foundations, community-driven initiatives, corporate and industrial engagement, financial and governance mechanisms, ethical and spiritual imperatives, and innovation through entrepreneurship. Through a structured literature review, the paper examines how stewardship manifests across different actors, sectors, and scales. It reveals how individuals, communities, businesses, and institutions contribute uniquely to environmental care, and how their efforts are often shaped by cultural values, institutional capacity, economic structures, and governance arrangements. The findings show that while stewardship holds transformative potential, its application remains fragmented and uneven, often constrained by power asymmetries, resource limitations, and a lack of policy coherence. The analysis culminates in a multilevel framework that integrates stewardship practices across five interconnected levels: individual, community, institutional, corporate, and systemic. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for embedding stewardship principles into education, governance, finance, and policy. It calls for inclusive participation, knowledge co-creation, and stronger institutional alignment to move stewardship from aspirational rhetoric to grounded practice. This study contributes to ongoing efforts to reimagine sustainability through ethical, participatory, and adaptive strategies that align with both local realities and global imperatives
Examining Services for Enhancing Access to Online Academic Content in Ugandan Universities: A Case of Makerere University (Mak) and Kampala International University (KIU)
Full text linkAccess to online academic content is critical for teaching, learning, and research in contemporary higher education. This study investigates the services provided to facilitate this access in Ugandan universities, using qualitative case studies of Makerere University and Kampala International University. Guided by an interpretivist paradigm, data were collected through interviews with librarians, ICT staff, lecturers, students, and national service providers (RENU, NITA-U), alongside observations and document review (N=30). Thematic analysis revealed that while universities provide a suite of globally recognised services, including institutional repositories, subscription databases, authentication systems, and information literacy training, their effectiveness is significantly hampered by systemic fragmentation and underutilisation. Key challenges include a disconnect between national infrastructure provision and institutional service integration, inconsistent user training, and low awareness among academic communities. The study concludes that Ugandan universities have successfully established the foundational technological layer for digital access. However, to maximise impact, a strategic shift is required. This entails institutionalising continuous digital literacy training, proactively embedding online content services into core academic workflows, and enhancing multi-stakeholder collaboration to bridge the gap between service provision and meaningful adoption. Recommendations are offered for university management, service departments, and national bodies to foster a more cohesive and inclusive digital academic ecosystem for enhancing access to online content
Exploring Paka Geothermal Reservoir through 3D Visualisation and Gravity Data Inversion Modelling in Northern Kenya Rift
Full text linkThe Paka geothermal field, located in the Northern Kenya Rift segment, is influenced by tectonic extension and magmatic activity that drives crustal uplift and hydrothermal circulation. While most previous gravity studies in this region targeted depths beyond 6 km, shallow intrusive structures crucial for geothermal resources remain poorly resolved. This study applied regional Bouguer anomaly mapping and 3D gravity inversion to characterise density variations, intrusive heat sources, and favourable structural settings for resource development. Gravity data were processed with a Bouguer density of 2.0417 g/cm3, anomaly separation through upward continuation, and 3D VOXI inversion in Geosoft Oasis. Results reveal a broad negative Bouguer anomaly (–126 to –103 mGal) about 20 km wide, with superimposed narrower anomalies (~5 km wide) in the northern caldera. These align with NW–SE, NE–SW, and N–S fault trends, consistent with regional tectonic structures. Near-surface pyroclastic sediments (0–250 m, 2.1–2.3 g/cm3) overlie a denser caprock (250–700 m, 2.25–2.45 g/cm3) interpreted as hydrothermally altered tuffs. At ~2.5 km depth, low-density zones (1.75–1.8 g/cm3) suggest water reservoirs or altered tuffs. A high-density mafic intrusion, likely of trachytic to basaltic magma origin, was identified between 2.0 and 3.1 km depth (volume ~475 ±10 % km3; 2.50–2.90 g/cm3), serving as the primary heat source. The associated reservoir beneath the summit lies at ~2.2 km depth with an estimated volume of 120 ±10 % km3. Structural continuity links Paka to Silale and Korosi volcanoes along the rift axis. The findings of this study highlight the summit region as the most promising drilling target for sustainable geothermal development
Gastronomy Tourism as A Factor for Learning Experience
Full text linkMeeting guests' gastronomic needs has become the primary strategic goal in the hotel and tourism sectors. This study examines the relationship between gastronomy tourism and tourist learning experience. The focus of the study was Arusha City, a popular gastronomy destination in Tanzania. The targeted sample was 145 tourists from different nations who visited Tanzania between December 2023 to January 2024. Questionnaires were sent to various hotels in Arusha, and 81 responses were used for data analysis. To determine the profile of respondents, data were first examined using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 22), while gastronomy tourism and tourist learning experience were examined through descriptive data. Next, the complete proposed model was tested using the SEM approach. The study's implications may offer direction to the hospitality and tourism stakeholders, such as government, nongovernment organisations, and local communities, on how to better position their strategies to cater to gastronomy travellers. The findings reveal that gastronomy tourism is a key factor for tourists to travel from one destination to another while at the same time acquiring a learning experienc
Rethinking SME Tax Compliance in Developing Economies: An Integrated Theoretical Approach
Full text linkIntroduction: Tax compliance remains a persistent challenge in developing economies, particularly among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which form the backbone of the private sector, yet they consistently exhibit low compliance rates (Nkundabanyanga et al., 2017; Musiimenta et al., 2020). While prior studies have applied single theoretical lenses such as deterrence (Allingham & Sandmo, 1972) or behavioural intentions (Ajzen, 1985), these approaches provide only partial explanations of compliance behaviour. Objective: This article aims to develop an integrated framework that synthesises multiple theories to provide a more comprehensive understanding of SME tax compliance in developing contexts. Methods: A conceptual synthesis of six theories: Institutional Isomorphism, Comparative Treatment, Fiscal Exchange, Economic Deterrence, the Theory of Planned Behaviour, and Social Influence was undertaken through critical review and comparative analysis. Each theory’s assumptions, applications, and limitations were mapped, and complementarities were identified to construct a unified framework. Results: The proposed model positions taxpayer behaviour as a mediating mechanism linking institutional pressures, fairness perceptions, and behavioural-social dynamics to compliance outcomes. It demonstrates how compliance is shaped by coercive and normative pressures, perceptions of equity and reciprocity, attitudes and control beliefs, and the influence of peer networks. Discussion/Conclusion: By embedding institutional, behavioural and economic perspectives into one explanatory model, this framework advances theoretical coherence, generates new avenues for empirical testing, and provides policymakers with a practical guide for designing holistic compliance strategies. The study concludes that improving SME tax compliance in developing economies requires interventions that combine enforcement, fairness reforms, service provision, taxpayer education, and community engagemen