46 research outputs found
ELSI of AI : Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Artificial Intelligence
No full textapplication/pdfR&D for artificial intelligence（“AI”）or usage thereof requires consideration on ethical, legal, and social implications （“ELSI”） because AI inherently contains dangerous characteristics such as uncontrollability, opacity, and unforeseeability. In this piece, the author tries to persuade readers to understand the necessity of ELSI through narratives and by focusing upon un-controllability of AI. He picks up some exemplary narratives from famous sci-fi films such as Robocop（Orion Pictures 1987）and 2001 Space Odyssey（MGM 1968）. Also he shows some counter-measures against the un-controllability of AI.departmental bulletin pape
The future of educational psychology
No full textEducational psychology is airing its anguish in public, and if the assertions of Brown (2010), Coleman and Pine (2010), and Hornby (2010) are to be believed then this professional discipline is indeed in a parlous state. As a psychologist who worked for the old Department of Education's Psychological Service, and subsequently for the Special Education Service and Specialist Education Services, I also think that educational psychology is in trouble. However, the history of occupations is littered with the wrecks of vocations that have become redundant to requirements. At the outset of his paper, Brown 2010 raises the possibility that educational psychologists are a species that may speedily become extinct because of hostile environments, and this parallel with the natural world is another reminder that change happens as circumstances alter
Mapping international research output within ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of assisted reproductive technologies
No full textResearch about ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is infuenced by cultural and value-based perspectives. It impacts regulations, funding, and clinical practice, and shapes the perception of ART in society. We analyze trends in the global literature on ELSI of ART between 1999 and 2019. As most output
is produced by North America, Western Europe, and Australia, we focus on international research, i.e., academic articles
studying a diferent country than that of the corresponding author.
Methods The corpus, extracted from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, includes 7714 articles, of which 1260 involved
international research. Analysis is based on titles, abstracts and keywords, classifcation into ART felds and Topic Modeling,
the countries of corresponding author, and countries mentioned in abstracts.
Results An absolute increase in the number of international studies, and their relative proportion. Trends of decentralization
are apparent, yet geographic centralization remains, which refects an unequal distribution of research funds across countries
and may result in fndings that do not refect global diversity of norms and values. Preference for studying conceptual challenges through philosophical analysis, and for felds that concern only a portion of ART cycles. Less attention was dedicated
to economic analysis and barriers to access, or to knowledge of and attitudes. International studies provide an opportunity
to expand and diversify the scope of ELSI research.
Conclusion We call on the research community to promote international collaborations, focus on less explored regions, and
divert more attention to questions of cost, access, knowledge, and attitude
The Human Genome Project and ELSI: The Imperative of Technology and the Reduction of the Public Ethics Debate
No full textabstract: In the past century, a number of technological projects have been undertaken as grand solutions to social problems. In the so called century of biology, this technological world view focuses on biomedical advances. The President of the United States, who once called for nuclear weapons and space exploration, now calls for new biotechnologies, such as genomics, individualized medicine, and nanotechnology, which will improve the world by improving our biological lives. Portrayed as the Manhattan Project of the late 20th Century, the Human Genome Project (HGP) not only undertook the science of sequencing the human genome but also the ethics of it. For this thesis I ask how the HGP did this; what was the range of possibilities of goods and evils imagined by the HGP; and what, if anything, was left out. I show that the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) research program of the HGP was inscribed with the competencies of the professional field of bioethics, which had lent itself useful for governing biomedical science and technology earlier in the 20th century. Drawing on a sociological framework for understanding the development of professional bioethics, I describe the development of ELSI, and I note how the given-in-advance boundaries between authorized/unauthorized questions shaped its formation and biased technologically based conceptualizations of social problems and potential solutions. In this sense, the HGP and ELSI served both as the ends of policy and as instruments of self-legitimation, thus re-inscribing and enacting the structures for these powerful sociotechnical imaginaries. I engage the HGP and ELSI through historical, sociological, and political philosophical analysis, by examining their immediate context of the NIH, the meso level of professional/disciplinary bioethics, and the larger context of American democracy and modernity. My argument is simultaneously a claim about how questions are asked and how knowledge and expertise are made, exposing the relationship between the HGP and ELSI as a mutually constitutive and reciprocally related form of coproduction of knowledge and social structures. I finish by arguing that ELSI is in a better position than bioethics to carry out the original project of that field, i.e., to provide a space to elucidate certain institutionally authorized questions about science and technology. Finally, I venture into making a prophecy about the future of ELSI and bioethics: that the former will replace the latter as a locus for only formally rational and thin ethical debates.Dissertation/ThesisM.S. Biology 201
ELSI Model: Bridging user engagement around interactive public displays and media facades in urban spaces
No full textweimar.de With recent technological advancements and significant price drops of display technologies interactive digital displays rapidly find their way into urban environments. Researchers have been modeling coordination and engagement around displays, either around 1) small-scale situated displays or 2) large-scale urban screens such as media facades. To this day, the two are considered as different domains. In this paper we take a first step towards bridging the gap between both types of displays by deriving a general, dynamic model we call elastic space-interaction (ELSI) model of user engagement around interactive public displays and media facades. The ELSI model provides a common terminology for describing engagement around interactive displays and media facades, improves compatibility across studies, and points out how to observe changes in user coordination and engagement introduced by different screen sizes and interaction techniques. Author Keywords Public displays, media facades, user engagement modeling, urban computing, interactivity
Kansallinen riskilääkeluokitus : Tietosisällön laatiminen
No full textSuuren riskin lääkkeet on tunnistettu yhdeksi tärkeimmäksi potilasturvallisuutta vaarantavaksi tekijäksi. Tämän julkaisun tarkoituksena on kuvata Kansallisen riskilääkeluokituksen tietosisällön laatiminen projektissa, joka toteutettiin vuosien 2022–2023 aikana Lääkealan turvallisuus- ja kehittämiskeskus Fimean ja sidosryhmien yhteistyönä.
Projektityöryhmään kuului lääketieteen, farmasian ja hoitotieteen asiantuntijoita. Projektityöryhmä muodosti ehdotuksen luokitukseen sisällytettävistä lääkkeistä hyödyntäen kansainvälisiä listauksia suuren riskin lääkkeistä sekä muuta kirjallisuutta. Lopullinen luokituksen tietosisältö muodostettiin projektityöryhmän asiantuntemuksen lisäksi hyödyntäen Delfoi-tutkimusmenetelmää, jonka tavoitteena on saavuttaa asiantuntijoiden riittävä yksimielisyys tutkittavasta aiheesta.
Delfoi-tutkimus toteutettiin sähköisenä kolmikierroksisena kyselynä. Tutkimukseen mukaan kutsutut asiantuntijat (panelistit) kutsuttiin projektityöryhmän tunnistamista suomalaisista lääkitysturvallisuuden asiantuntijoista. Paneeliin kutsutuilla oli myös itse mahdollisuus ehdottaa muita asiantuntijoita mukaan tutkimukseen. Tutkimukseen mukaan lupautuneet panelistit (61 henkilöä) koostuivat lääketieteen (n = 26), farmasian (n = 26) ja hoitotyön/hoitotieteen asiantuntijoista (n = 9). Tutkimus toteutettiin elo-joulukuun 2022 aikana.
Tutkimuksessa haettiin konsensusta riskilääkeluokitukseen kuuluvista suuren riskin lääkkeistä ja lääkeryhmistä sekä niiden keskeisistä lääkkeeseen tai lääkehoidon toteutukseen liittyvistä riskeistä. Projektityöryhmä katsoi riittävän konsensuksen saavutetuksi, kun 70 % tutkimukseen osallistuneista asiantuntijoista puolsi väittämää.
Tutkimustulosten, tietosisällön julkisen kommentoinnin sekä projektityöryhmän kesken käytyjen keskustelujen pohjalta projektityöryhmä vahvisti lopullisen luokituksen tietosisällöstä, joka muodostui 38 lääkkeestä tai lääkeryhmästä sekä niiden vakavista seurauksista, lääkkeisiin liittyvistä riskeistä sekä lääkehoidon toteutukseen liittyvistä riskikohdista. Luokitus julkaistiin huhtikuussa 2023 Fimean verkkosivuilla. Kansallinen riskilääkeluokitus on Fimean tietotuote, jonka säännöllisestä ylläpidosta ja päivittämisestä Fimea vastaa.
Kansallinen riskilääkeluokitus on yleinen luokitus, joka tarjoaa tietopohjan keskeisistä suuren riskin lääkkeistä, joiden oikeaan ja turvalliseen käyttöön tulee kiinnittää erityistä huomiota. Luokituksen tarkoituksena on tukea lääkehoitoja koskevaa kliinistä päätöksentekoa sekä lääkehoitojen suunnittelua ja toteutusta lääkehoitoprosessin eri vaiheissa. Luokitukseen kuuluvien lääkkeiden riskit liittyvät lääkkeiden ominaisuuksien lisäksi mahdollisiin puutteisiin tai inhimilliseen virheeseen lääkkeen asianmukaisessa käytössä tai hoidon toteuttamisessa. Luokituksen tietosisältö on suunnattu ensisijaisesti terveydenhuollon ammattilaisille eri sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon toimintaympäristöissä
Opas avohoidon asiakkaiden lääkkeiden koneellisen annosjakelun toteuttamiseen
No full textAnnosjakelu on moniammatillinen prosessi, jossa sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon yksiköt, avohuollon apteekit ja annosjakeluyksiköt toimivat tiiviissä yhteistyössä asiakkaan lääkehoidon toteuttamiseksi. Jokaisella toimijalla on selkeät tehtävät: hoitava yksikkö arvioi asiakkaan soveltuvuuden annosjakeluun ja vastaa lääkehoidon toteuttamisesta, apteekki huolehtii annosjakelupalvelun toteuttamisesta ja annosjakeluyksikkö pakkaa lääkkeet annosjakelupusseihin. Yhteistyö ja tiedonkulku ovat olennaisia prosessin sujuvuuden ja turvallisuuden takaamiseksi.
Lääkitysturvallisuus varmistetaan annosjakelun kaikissa vaiheissa. Annosjakelun turvallisuus ja laatu voidaan taata oppaassa kuvattuja käytänteitä noudattamalla, kuten arvioimalla asiakkaan soveltuvuus annosjakeluun ja lääkitys moniammatillisesti, annosjakelutilausten huolellisella toteuttamisella sekä annosjaellun lääkityksen tarkistamisella. Sujuva yhteistyö ja käytännön toimintatavoista sopiminen erityisesti prosessin rajapinnoissa mahdollistavat turvallisen ja tarkoituksenmukaisen lääkehoidon annosjakeluasiakkaille.fi=navigointi mahdollista|sv=strukturell navigation|en=structural navigation|fi=kuvilla vaihtoehtoiset kuvaukset|sv=alternativa textuella beskrivningar för bilder|en=alternative textual descriptions for images|fi=taulukot saavutettavia|sv=tabeller tillgängliga|en=tables accessible|fi=looginen lukemisjärjestys|sv=logisk läsordning|en=logical reading order
Unraveling the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Neurobiobanking and Stroke Genomic Research in Africa: A Study Protocol of the African Neurobiobank for Precision Stroke Medicine ELSI Project
No full text\ua9 The Author(s) 2020.The ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of emerging neurobiobanks and data resources are unclear in an African scientific landscape with unique cultural, linguistic, and belief systems. The overarching goal of the African Neurobiobank for Precision Stroke Medicine–—ELSI Project is to identify, examine, and develop novel approaches to address ELSI issues of biobanking and stroke genomic research in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To accomplish the goal we will (1) explore knowledge, attitude, perceptions, barriers, and facilitators influencing ELSI issues related to biobanking and stroke genomic research; (2) use information obtained to craft a community intervention program focused on ELSI issues; and (3) build capacity and careers related to genomics and biobanking for effective client/community engagement while enhancing regulatory, governance, and implementation competences in biobanking science in SSA. A community-based participatory research and mixed-methodological approach, focused on various levels of the social ecological model, will be used to identify and examine relevant ELSI issues. Contextual intervention tools, platforms, and practices will be developed to enhance community understanding and participation in stroke biobanking and genomics research activities while facilitating enduring trust, and equitable and fair utilization of biobanking resources for genetic and trans-omics research. A concurrent capacity building program related to genetic counseling and biobanking will be implemented for early career researchers. The huge potential for neurobiobanking and genomics research in Africa to advance precision medicine applicable to stroke and other neurological disorders requires addressing ELSI challenges while building sustainable research, career, and regulatory capacities in trans-omics and biobanking science
Lääkevaihdon laajeneminen ja viranomaisten roolit lääkeasioissa keskustelutti Fimean potilasneuvottelukunnan tapaamisessa
No full textAnalisis Penerapan Akuntansi Pada Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) Prima Sehati Desa Lubuk Ramo Kecamatan Kuantan Mudik Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi
No full textA B S T R A K ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING IN VILLAGE UNIT COOPERATIVES (KUD) PRIMA SEHATI DESA LUBUK RAMO KECAMATAN KUANTAN MUDIK KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI Oleh ELSI PUSPITA HARIANI 165310989 This research was conducted at the Prima Sehati Village Unit Cooperative (KUD), Lubuk Ramo Village, Kuantan Mudik District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriateness of the accounting application at the Prima Sehati Village Unit Cooperative (KUD), Lubuk Ramo Village, Kuantan Mudik District, Kuantan Singingi Regency with generally accepted accounting principles. The types of data used are primary and secondary data. The data collection technique used in this study is to use the interview method, which is to hold direct questions and answers with the relevant sections and documentation regarding cooperative finance. The data analysis method used is descriptive method, which describes a real situation that is found and then analyzes the data based on theories related to problem discussion, then makes decisions. From the results of the research conducted by the author, it was found that the Prima Sehati Village Unit Cooperative (KUD), Lubuk Ramo Village, Kuantan Mudik District, Kuantan Singingi Regency had not calculated and recorded the employee benefits obligation as indicated in SAK ETAP number Chapter 23 which requires companies to record employee benefits. employees in financial reports. The application of accounting at the Prima Sehati Village Unit Cooperative (KUD), Lubuk Ramo Village, Kuantan Mudik District, Kuantan Singingi Regency is not in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
