2,763 research outputs found
Cancer incidence and cancer-attributable mortality among persons with AIDS in the United States: 1980-2006
No full textContext: Profound immune suppression is the hallmark of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the principal sequela of chronic HIV disease is progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There are over half a million people living with AIDS in the U.S. today and many more with HIV infection who have yet to develop AIDS. HIV-associated immune deficiency, coinfection with oncogenic viruses and elevated prevalences of smoking and alcohol use, place persons with HIV/AIDS at increased risk for a number of cancers. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), widely available since 1996, results in partial immune restoration among persons with HIV/AIDS. Concurrent with increased HAART use, declines in AIDS-related mortality and in the incidence of some cancers have been observed. However, as survival increases among persons with AIDS, little is known about their long-term cancer risk. Further, as rates of AIDS-related deaths decline, cancers may emerge increasingly important sources of mortality in this aging population.
Specific Aims: The aims of this dissertation were to: (1) determine cancer risk among persons with longstanding AIDS in years 3-5 and years 6-10 after AIDS onset, (2) to evaluate the impact of HAART on cancer incidence in years 3-10 after AIDS onset, (3) to quantify the cumulative incidence of AIDS-defining cancer and non-AIDS-defining cancer, controlling for trends in mortality, and (4) to determine the fraction of deaths among persons with AIDS attributable to cancer.
Design, Setting, and Patients: Data from the population-based U.S. HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study (HACM) were used to address the aims of this dissertation. Records of persons with HIV/AIDS in surveillance registries from 9 states and 6 metropolitan areas (diagnosed during 1980-2008) were linked to corresponding cancer registry records using a probabilistic matching algorithm. Records were linked on demographic characteristics which were assigned a weight to represent their importance. AIDS onset date was recorded according to the 1993 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance case definition. Incident, invasive cancers were coded according to the International Classification for Diseases for Oncology (third edition). Subsequent to the match, all identifying information was removed. For Aims 1 and 2, we constructed a cohort of 263,254 adults and adolescents with AIDS (diagnosed during 1980-2004) and evaluated incident cancers occurring during years 3-5 and 6-10 after AIDS onset. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) assessed risks relative to the general population. Rate ratios (RRs) derived from Poisson regression compared cancer incidence before and after 1996 to assess the impact of HAART. For Aims 3 and 4, we constructed a cohort of 372,364 adults and adolescents with AIDS who were alive, caner-free, and under follow-up for cancer at the start of the fourth month after AIDS onset. We used competing risk methods to determine cumulative incidence of cancer (AIDS-defining cancers [ADCs] and non-AIDS-defining cancers [NADCs]) and Cox regression to estimate cancer-attributable mortality across 3 calendar periods (AIDS onset in 1980-1989, 1990-1995, and 1996-2006).
Results: Aims 1 and 2 demonstrated risks of ADCs (Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, cervical cancer) were significantly elevated during 3-5 and 6-10 years after AIDS, and incidence of Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma declined significantly between the pre-HAART (1990-1995) and HAART era (1996-2006). Other cancers with elevated risks in the 3-5 and 6-10 year periods, respectively, were cancers of the oral cavity/pharynx (SIR 1.9 95%CI 1.6-2.1, and SIR 1.8 95%CI 1.5-2.1) and anus (SIR 27 95%CI 24-31, and SIR 40 95%CI 35-45), and Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR 9.1 95%CI 7.8-11, and SIR 12 95%CI 9.7-14). Between 1990-1995 and 1996-2006, incidence increased for anal cancer (RR 2.9 95%CI 2.1-4.0) and Hodgkin lymphoma (RR 2.0 95%CI 1.3-2.9). Aims 3 and 4 demonstrated cumulative incidence of ADCs declined across AIDS calendar periods (from 8.7% among persons diagnosed with AIDS during 1980-1989 to 6.4% among persons diagnosed with AIDS during 1990-1995 to 2.1% among persons diagnosed with AIDS during 1996-2006). Cumulative incidence of NADCs increased from 0.86% in 1980-1989 to 1.1% in 1990-1995 with little change thereafter (1.0%, 1996-2006). However, the cumulative incidence of some site-specific NADCs (anal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, liver cancer and lung cancer) increased. Among those with AIDS and cancer, cancer-attributable mortality increased to 88.3% (ADC) and 87.1% (NADC) during 1996-2006, and population-attributable NADC mortality increased to 2.3% (1996-2006). Population-attributable ADC mortality decreased from 6.3% (1990-1995) to 3.9% (1996-2006).
Conclusions: Among people who survived an AIDS diagnosis for several years or more, we observed continuing risks of ADCs and elevated long-term risks for selected NADCs, notably anal cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma. We also noted dramatically declining incidence of ADCs and increases in some NADCs, while controlling for temporal trends in mortality using competing risk methods. Among people with AIDS who develop cancer, their malignancy is the predominant cause of death, pointing to the need for more effective cancer treatment in this population. Further, NADCs account for a growing fraction of all deaths among persons diagnosed with AIDS in the HAART era. Continued monitoring of long-term cancer risk among persons with AIDS is warranted and should be extended to include persons with HIV infection alone. As HIV infection is increasingly considered with chronic disease management paradigms, greater attention should be focused on cancer screening and prevention strategies among person with HIV/AIDS.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Edgar P. Simar
Ernest Thompson Seton: an unforgettable personality, by Edgar M. Robinson
No full textThis piece, titled “Ernest Thomas Seton: an unforgettable personality”, gives a first hand interpretation of who Ernest Thompson Seton (it is believed that whoever put the cover on this document spelled his name wrong) was through the eyes of Edgar Robinson. Robinson explains what a strong relationship the two of them had and what a strong mentor Seton was to Robinson. Ernest Thompson Seton was an author and illustrator of more than 50 works, and was largely responsible for the American Indian influence in the Boy Scouts of America that offered young people knowledge of an outdoor life based on Native American Indian customs, legends and beliefs. Seton was Chief Scout of the Boy Scouts of America from 1910 to 1915. Edgar M. Robinson was a 1901 graduate from the YMCA Training School, now Springfield college, where he later returned to serve on the faculty as the Honorary Director of Boys Work Courses and the Adviser in Methods and Principles in Work with Boys from 1927-1937.For biographical information on Edgar M. Robinson, see: https://springfield.as.atlas-sys.com/agents/people/554
For more information on Ernest Thompson Seton, see: https://springfield.as.atlas-sys.com/agents/people/553On the bottom of page number 1 there is a rip, which prevents part of the bottom two lines from being read. On that back of page number one appear the numbers "46757" written in pencil
Os paratextos das antologias brasileiras de contos de Edgar Allan Poe no século XXI
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2014.Esta tese analisa elementos paratextuais em antologias brasileiras de contos de Edgar Allan Poe lançados ou reeditados nos doze primeiros anos do século XXI, verificando de que forma o autor e sua obra são apresentados ao leitor através desses paratextos. Para tanto, analiso quartas capas, orelhas, prefácios, posfácios e notas. O nível de participação do tradutor na utilização desses elementos é também examinado, para que se possa averiguar até que ponto esse intermediador de culturas teve visibilidade nas publicações. A referida análise é norteada, principalmente, pelos fundamentos teóricos de Gérard Genette, sobretudo em seu livro intitulado Paratextos Editoriais (2009), do original Seuils (1987).Abstract : This thesis analyzes paratextual elements in Edgar Allan Poe's Brazilian anthologies of short stories published or reprinted in the first twelve years of the 21st century, observing how the author and his fictional writings are presented to the reader through those paratexts. Thus, I analyze back pages, flaps, forewords, afterwords, and notes. The use the translator made of those elements is examined in order to assess the translator's visibility in the published editions. The referred analysis is grounded mainly on Gérard Genette's theory, especially in his book entitled Editorial Paratexts (2009) from the original Seuils (1987)
Letter to the Editor from the author, and response from Edgar Allen Beem, on Bee
No full textLetter to the Editor from the author, and response from Edgar Allen Beem, on Beem\u27s book review of Maine: An Explorer\u27s Guide and his comparison of it to Maine Handbook
Edgar Frank Family Collection 1910-1959
No full textEdgar Frank was an author. This collection contains a genealogical description of Edgar Frank's family, a circa 1910 article from the Gemeindeblatt der
Deutsch-Israelistischen Gemeinde, 7 postcards the majority of which have themes of Judaica (such as the Touro Synagogue in Rhode Island), and a list of corrections for the publication
Zemanim by Edgar Frank.Edgar Frank, 1959The original German language inventory is available in the folder.Processed for digitizationSent for digitizationReturned from digitizationLinked to online manifestationdigitize
Account of author Edgar Beem\u27s climb of Mount Katahdin with his 13-year-old daug
No full textAccount of author Edgar Beem\u27s climb of Mount Katahdin with his 13-year-old daughter, Hannah, commenting on the social experience of climbing the mountain, and noting that as many as 50,000 people a year make the climb. The day of their climb was a Class II Day, meaning that park officials strongly recommended that climbers not go above the treeline. Somewhat relieved, Beem and his daughter contented themselves with hiking up to the treeline and turning around
To what extent may the unfavorable viewpoints of critics on E. A. Poe's use of horror and social satire in his stories be refuted by examples from and analysis of the author's eight short stories?
No full textWith numerous short stories and poems, Edgar Allan Poe is considered to be the piquant and
astounding milestone of the American Literature. Yet, his style and achievements have always
been interpreted antagonistically by large numbers of critics. This study analyzes the features
unique to Edgar Allan Poe in his short stories “Murders In The Rue Morgue”, “The Fall of
The House of Usher”, “A Tale of Jerusalem”, “The Pit and The Pendulum”, “The System of
Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether”, “A Cask Of Amonillado”, “The Masque of Red Death”
and “The Man That Was Used Up” while refuting to chosen examples of negative reviews
about Edgar Allan Poe.
Due to the fact that Edgar Allan Poe is well-known for his usage horror, satire, humor and
fiction in his short stories, these qualities have been criticized mostly by many writers and
philosophers as well. In this sense, the scope of the study will be sharpened on how these
techniques are used in his short stories to make them nonpareil and what was Edgar Allan
Poe’s authorial intention while utilizing these attributes in his works. At this point the analysis
of the characters, themes and plot will be prioritized compared to the language and style that
Edgar Allan Poe uses in his texts.
Since the criticism against Poe focus on the usefulness of such features in his short stories and
how they intimidate the reader from the text, the study proves that the gap between Poe and
the reader is a simple issue of reciprocal misunderstanding which is proven to be artificial and
bogus with examples and facts from his short stories
Genealogical collections concerning the Scottish house of Edgar.
No full textIn the preface to his "An account of the sirname Edgar" the author mentions "the use made of a portion of his materials by 'a Comittee of the Grampian Club,' in the recent anticipatory volume, which has been published in disregard of his prohibition."Ed. by Andrew Edgar and Charles Rogers.Mode of access: Internet.New York Genealogical and Biographical Society
Edgar Allan Poe's place in literature
No full textThe more a person is subjected to criticism, the greater he usually is, for critics will not ordinarily criticize unless the subject is worthy of study and comment.
Few writers have been as severely criticized as Edgar Allan Poe, and even fewer have had to endure as much injustice. Certainly, no other American writer has been subjected to similar attacks. It is paradoxical that such a harshly criticized and detested author at home should scale the heights of glory and admiration to which he climbed in foreign opinion
Papers of Edgar Stanley Fairweather
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/66102Reminiscences (untitled manuscript, photocopy); 119 numbered pages, plus several additional e.g. 79, 79A, 79B. MS completed in 1980 ['Seven months ago, 14th December 1979...', p.118]. Also typed copy of letter from 'Dad'to Jean, 22 March 1968, describing demolition of BHP chimney stack in March 1916; writer identified as 'J.C.Fairweather, son of F.J.Fairweather', older brother of the author of the main ms. Also copies of Abercrombie and related correspondence 1851-1936.113513
Acquisition: [1980.0151] "Papers of Edgar Stanley Fairweather
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