1,720,964 research outputs found
Histologi Organ Limphoid Ikan Patin Jambal (Pangasius djambal Bleeker) yang Diberi Immunostimulan Spirulina
No full textIkan patin jambal (Pangasius djambal Bleeker) merupakan ikan asli Indonesia, hidup di air tawar dengan pertumbuhan yang cepat, rasanya gurih, dagingnya tebal dan berwarna putih, sehingga digemari oleh konsumen. Namun dalam budidaya sering menghadapi kendala, yaitu serangan hama dan penyakit ikan yang dapat mengakibatkan kerugian ekonomi yang cukup besar
Peran Hormon Kortisol dalam Osmoregulasi Ikan Sidat, Anguilla bicolor, pada Lingkungan Bersalinitas
Full text linkThe osmoregulatory capacity of Anguilla bicolor in the sea water is influenced by hormonal activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to know the influence of cortisol on osmoregulation of the eel at the different levels of salinity medium. An experimental method with six treatments on randomized completely design was used in this study. The treatments were (1) fish acclimated at water salinity 15 ppt without hormone injection; (2) fish acclimated at water salinity of 30 ppt without hormone injection; (3) fish acclimated at water salinity of 15 ppt and injected with 4 µg cortisol/gr body weight; (4) fish acclimated at water salinity 15 ppt and injected with 8 µg cortisol/gr body weight; (5) fish aclimated at water salinity of 30 ppt and injected with 4 µg cortisol/g body weight; (6) fish acclimated at water salinity of 30 ppt and injected with 8 µg cortisol/g body weight. All of the treatments were replicated four times. Data were analyzed using One way ANOVA followed by Least Significant Difference. The results showed that the cortisol has significant effect (P.05) if the acclimation increased. Osmoregulatory capacity on medium of 15 ppt and 30 ppt were influenced by cortisol treatment at 6 hours acclimation (P.05). Water body content was not influenced by cortisol treatment (P>.05) at all medium acclimation. At six hour acclimation, treatment cortisol has significant difference (P.05) on treatment cortisol. Cortisol injection has no significant difference (P>.05) on plasma glucose on all medium and only on 7 days aclimation, the plasma glucose has significant difference (P<.05) after injected by cortisol. It could be concluded that cortisol treatment has a role on eel osmoregulation at early acclimation. Haematocrite account was also influenced by cortisol injection, but only at the early acclimation. Water body content, blood glucose and total body energy were not influenced by cortisol
Potensi Jus Buah Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Mencegah Nefrotoksisitas pada Tikus Wistar yang Terpapar Pb Asetat
Full text linkLead is a heavy metal with hazardous toxicity causing dysfunction, especially the kidneys as excretion organs. Pb pollution in Indonesia is mostly derived from transportation emissions such as Tetraetillead, which can change into trietillead, a free radical that can reduce endogenous enzyme activity, one of which is SOD pollution. (Superoxide dismutase) which is in various organs, especially the kidneys. A decrease in SOD activity in the kidneys indicates oxidative stress because the enzyme is unable against superoxide anions and causes renal glomerular damage. Kidney damage can increase serum creatinine levels. Papaya juice contains flavonoids, vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene can prevent nephrotoxicity of Pb. The study aimed to obtain the best dose of papaya juice on the SOD activity of Wistar rats kidney tissue and serum creatinine level that exposed by lead acetate. The experiment was conducted experimentally with Completely Randomized Design, which was divided into 6 treatments, P1, P2, P3, of papaya juice, Lead ace with dose: 3.6; 7.2; 14.4 g / 200g of weight and exposed to Pb acetate 50 mg/kg weight. Treatment P4 (rats were given vitamin E 400 IU/kg weight and exposure to Pb acetate 50 mg/kg weight), P5 (rat exposed Pb acetate 50 mg/kg weight), P6 (normal mice) for 28 days. The results showed that papaya juice was the best dose of 14.4 g / 200g weight because the SOD activity of renal tissue was increased, and serum creatinine level decreased significantly. The conclusion is papaya juice can be used to prevent Pb acetate nephrotoxicity
PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI Chlorella vulgaris PADA PAKAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN ALBUMIN DALAM SERUM IKAN NILEM (Osteochilus vittatus)
No full textNilem fish belongs to freshwater fish commodity that has been widely cultivation. Some factors influencing fish cultivation are good quality of feed, quantity, size, and shape. Quality feed works as a primary energy source as well as improves the digestive system of fish, with the expectation that the fish growth and health are optimal. Information concerning health status in cultivation Nilem has been used as a reference for improving cultivation methods and controlling disease attacks. The population and production of fish cultivation is experiencing serious problems due to infection from various types of pathogens. Therefore, a viable alternative is needed to prevent and overcome diseases by utilizing immunostimulant substances derived from synthetic substances that can increase the activity of non-specific immune defenses and stimulate antibiotic-forming organs in fish body. Immunostimulant is a substance that is capable of increasing the mechanism of non-specific immune response of fish one of them is by adding Chlorella vulgaris extract to the feed. This research objective is to determine the influence of Chlorella vulgaris supplementation on total blood albumin in nilem fish. This research was conducted by sampling method consisting of 5 treatments with further 4 replications. The treatments were feed supplementation of 0 g.kg-1, 2 g.kg-1, 3 g.kg-1, 4 g.kg-1, and 6 g.kg-1. Independent and dependent variables were used in this research; the independent variable was the dose of Chlorella vulgaris in the feed and the dependent variable was blood albumin concentration. The measuring of plasma albumin concentration was done using the Dyasis kit method with a spectrophotometer. The obtained data were then analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at the 95% confidence level if there is a real difference then followed by Tukey's test at the same confidence level. The results showed that the average value of serum albumin concentration of nilem fish from all treatments was between 4.2761 – 7.1826 g/dL. The normal albumin concentration was found in the treatment 4 g.kg-1 Chlorella vulgaris supplementation which was 4.77 g/dL. Meanwhile, the highest concentration was found from the supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris at 3 g.kg-1 feed which was 6.677 g/dL. 
Pengaruh Pakan Suplementasi Spirulina platensis dan Chlorella vulgaris terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Komposisi Tubuh Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy)
Full text linkGurami adalah ikan air tawar yang mudah terinfeksi penyakit terutama pada cuaca dingin dan curah hujan tinggi, sehingga perlu dicari solusi untuk penanggulangannya. Ikan gurami merupakan ikan yang ukuran tubuhnya dapat mencapai 5 kg. Penelitian tentang suplementasi S. platensis dan C. vulgaris dengan dosis 6 g/kg pakan telah dilakukan pada ikan gurami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.). Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pertumbuhan dan komposisi tubuh ikan gurami yang diberi pakan suplementasi S. platensis, C. vulgaris dan campuran S. platensis + C. vulgaris serta mendapatkan komposisi pakan terbaik meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan komposisi tubuh ikan gurami. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan enam perlakuan dan tiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Perlakuan yang dicobakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: K = ikan gurami diberi pakan Tubifex sp., Daphnia sp. dan pelet komersial; P1 = ikan gurami diberi pakan suplementasi S. platensis dan Tubifex sp.; P2 = ikan gurami diberi pakan suplementasi S. platensis dan Daphnia sp.; P3 = ikan gurami diberi pakan suplementasi C. vulgaris dan Tubifex sp.; P4 = ikan gurami diberi pakan suplementasi C. vulgaris dan Daphnia sp., P5 = ikan gurami diberi pakan suplementasi campuran S. platensis + C. vulgaris, Tubifex sp. dan Daphnia sp. Penelitian dilakukan selama 112 hari dan ikan diberi pakan dua kali sehari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan komposisi pakan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan komposisi tubuh ikan gurami serta perlakuan P1 yaitu pakan suplementasi S. platensis dan Tubifex sp. terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan komposisi tubuh ikan gurami. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa untuk budidaya gurami sebaiknya ikan gurami diberi pakan suplementasi S. platensis atau C. vulgaris
Efek Subletal Limbah Batik terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Serum Glutamat Pyruvat Transaminase pada Serum Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)
Full text linkLimbah batik mengandung logam berbahaya diantaranya adalah Cr, Cu, Zn, dan Mn. Limbah batik yang dihasilkan dari industri tekstil umumnya merupakan senyawa anorganik non-biodegradable, yang dapat menyebabkan pencemaran terutama lingkungan perairan. Logam yang masuk dalam bentuk ion akan diikat oleh protein darah (Metalotionin), disebut ikatan M+Mt. Ikatan tersebut bersifat stabil dan tidak mudah lepas, sehingga memicu pembentukan radikal bebas. Radikal bebas akan menimbulkan reaksi peroksidasi lipid yang dapat merusak hati, sehingga terjadi peningkatan kadar enzim SGPT yang merupakan parameter gangguan pada fungsi hati. Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dianggap sebagai bioindikator untuk studi toksikologi perairan dan monitoring lingkungan, mudah beradaptasi di segala kondisi lingkungan, dan memiliki nilai komersial yang tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan perlakuan konsentrasi limbah batik Naftol 17% v/v, 34% v/v, 51% v/v, dan kontrol yang dipaparkan selama 48 jam. Analisis data menggunakan uji Anova dengan taraf kepercayaaan 95% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efek subletal limbah batik terhadap aktivitas enzim SGPT pada serum ikan Nila (O. niloticus) nilainya berbanding lurus. Hasil perhitungan rerata aktivitas enzim SGPT selama 48 jam pada perlakuan kontrol 6,17±0,98 U/L, konsentrasi 17% v/v yaitu 11,67±1,51 U/L, konsentrasi 34% v/v yaitu 17,67±1,51 U/L, dan konsentrasi 51% v/v yaitu 121.83±1,9 U/L. Analisis Anova (α=0,05) didapatkan nilai F hitung (199,552) > F tabel (4,30). Hasil uji Duncan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan limbah batik dengan konsentrasi 51% v/v selama 48 jam, paling berdampak terhadap penurunan fungsi enzim SGPT. Limbah batik mengandung logam berbahaya diantaranya adalah Cr, Cu, Zn, dan Mn. Limbah batik yang dihasilkan dari industri tekstil umumnya merupakan senyawa anorganik non-biodegradable, yang dapat menyebabkan pencemaran terutama lingkungan perairan. Logam yang masuk dalam bentuk ion akan diikat oleh protein darah (Metalotionin), disebut ikatan M+Mt. Ikatan tersebut bersifat stabil dan tidak mudah lepas, sehingga memicu pembentukan radikal bebas. Radikal bebas akan menimbulkan reaksi peroksidasi lipid yang dapat merusak hati, sehingga terjadi peningkatan kadar enzim SGPT yang merupakan parameter gangguan pada fungsi hati. Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dianggap sebagai bioindikator untuk studi toksikologi perairan dan monitoring lingkungan, mudah beradaptasi di segala kondisi lingkungan, dan memiliki nilai komersial yang tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan di Stasiun Percobaan Program Studi D3 Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perikanan, Laboratorium Ekotoksikologi, dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan Fakultas Biologi Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Analisis data menggunakan uji Anova dengan taraf kepercayaaan 95% dan tingkat kesalahan 5%, dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efek subletal limbah batik terhadap aktivitas enzim SGPT pada serum ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) nilainya berbanding lurus. Hasil perhitungan rerata aktivitas enzim SGPT selama 48 jam pada perlakuan kontrol 6,17±0,98 U/L, konsentrasi 17% v/v yaitu 11,67±1,51 U/L, konsentrasi 34% v/v yaitu 17,67±1,51 U/L, dan konsentrasi 51% v/v yaitu 121.83±1,9 U/L. Analisis Anova (α=0,05) didapatkan nilai F hitung (199,552) > F tabel (4,30). Hasil uji Duncan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan limbah batik dengan konsentrasi 51% v/v selama 48 jam, paling berdampak terhadap penurunan fungsi enzim SGPT
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Lipase Activity, Hematological and Blood Biochemistry of Osphronemus gouramy Fed with Suplementation of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris
Full text linkSpirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris are algae that contain high nutrients, such as protein, vitamins, and minerals. The purpose of this study was to determine the lipase activity, hematological, blood biochemistry and to obtain the most effective supplementation of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris in feed to enhance lipase activity, hematological parameter, blood biochemistry of gourami. The study was conducted experimentally in which 100 gourami fish were assigned randomely to the following treatments: P1 = Spirulina platensis 6 g kg-1 feed; P2 = Chlorella vulgaris 4 g kg-1; P3 = Spirulina platensis 3 g kg-1 + Chlorella vulgaris 2 g kg-1; P4 = Spirulina platensis 2 g kg-1 + Chlorella vulgaris 3 g kg-1; and C = feed without supplementation as control, in four replicates. Lipase activity was measured in various digestive organs at pH 2, 5, 7, 8 and 10. The results showed that supplementation of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris affected lipase activity; hematological parameter and blood biochemistry of gourami. The combination Spirulina platensis + Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in feed showed the highest increased of the lipase activity, hematological parameter and blood biochemistry of gourami. Spirulina platensis + Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in feed might improve growth and immunity since the increase of digestive enzyme functioning which enhances feed utilization and the increase of biochemical parameters of blood, respectively
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GERMAN COCKROACH, Blattella germanica TO ORGANIC INSECTICIDES BASED ON THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI Beauveria bassiana
Full text linkGerman cockroaches have been reported to have developed resistance to 42 active insecticide ingredients. One effort to minimize the development of resistance in German cockroaches is to use organic insecticides, one of which is a secondary metabolite from the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (B10). The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of German cockroaches to secondary metabolites of B. bassiana B10 as organic insecticide. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of ten treatments, namely concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% (v / w). Each treatment unit used ten male German cockroaches which were repeated three times. Mortality data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's test at a significance level of p <0.05. The results showed that the application of organic insecticide B. bassiana B10 was quite effective in controlling German cockroaches as indicated by the mortality of German cockroaches. The application of B. bassiana B10 secondary metabolites affect the mortality of German cockroaches with a concentration of 40 % with a mortality percentage of 50%
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