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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Study of metarhizium anisopliae (metsch) sorok: toxicity of the compounds extracted from tibraca limbativentris stal (heteroptera: pentatomidae), effects of agrochemicals used in rice crops and enhanced pathogenicity to T. limbativentris with sublethal doses of chemical insecticides
No full textThis study was divided in chapters that include various aspects of the interaction between the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae with rice stink bug T. limbativentris as follows:
Chapter 1 (Theoretical considerations) describes an introduction about the elements involved in this study as: the importance of rice crops for Brazil, as well as socio-economic and planted areas with this crop. It also covers information about life cycle and ecology of the rice stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris stal (1869) along with its importance as a pest. Chemical and biological control measures are discussed as well. Regarding the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin, general aspects of taxonomy, morphology, infection process of this fungus to their hosts and virulence factors were also addressed. To sum up, chemical ecology was explored addressing intraspecific and interspecific interactions among insect family pentatomidae with emphasis on studies of chemical compounds of defense in order to understand the natural resistance of this group of insects to entomopathogenic fungi.
Chapter 2 (Toxicity of compounds extracted from the cuticle and the stink methatoracic gland (MTG) of T. limbativentris to the fungus M. anisopliae) describes the susceptibility of different life stages of T. limbativentris to M. anisopliae and correlates these results with the fungicidal activity of aldehydes (E)-2-octenal and (E)-2-dedecenal extracted from metathoracic scent glands (MTG) of adults as well as the (E)-2-hexenal, extracted from dorsal abdominal scent glands (DAG) of nymphal stages (second to fifth instar), by collecting exuviae. All compounds extracted were characterized by GC-MS and their fungistatic potential determined measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these compounds, which expresses the ability of these compounds to inhibit the conidial germination of this fungus entirely. The aldehyde (E)-2-decenal was the most harmful to M. anisopliae germination, with MIC of 0.003% (30 ppm) compared to the (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-octenal, which in turn showed MIC of 0.012 and 0.025%, respectively.
Chapter 3 (Effect of pesticides used in conventional rice cultivation with the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae.) Describes the assessment of the compatibility of M. anisopliae to eight insecticides, five herbicides and four fungicides registered for rice cultivation. In this study we evaluated the germination (GER), vegetative growth (VG) and sporulation (ESP) of the fungus after three hours in the mixture, stirring with agrochemicals. The parameters evaluated were the fungus equated using the following formula: BI = [(VG * 47) + (ESP * 43) + (10 * GER)] / 100, in which through the biological index value (BI) was possible to determine the compatibility level of agrochemicals to the fungus. Among the tested pesticides, insecticides Bravic™, Actara™, Karate Zeon™; herbicide Roundup™, Basagran™, Kifix™ and fungicide Priori ™ were the only products compatible with M. anisopliae.
Chapter 4 (enhanced pathogenicity toT. limbativentris with sublethal doses of chemical insecticides.) describes the interaction of M. anisopliae combined with sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam against adults of T. limbativentris. This combination as hypothesis has to overcome the natural chemical resistance of T. limbativentris to M. anisopliae. The results showed that T. limbativentris was more susceptible to M. anisopliae (strain CG-168) associated with sublethal doses of thiamethoxam (Actara™) or lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate Zeon™) than the fungus alone. In addition, the optimum concentration was observed for the fungus at 5x107 conidia combined with concentrations of the insecticide thiamethoxam. The fungus in
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this concentration mixed with thiamethoxam at 3.1 ppm caused 80% adult mortality, whereas the mortality rates in treatments with the fungus and 3.1 ppm thiamethoxam both applied alone were 38 and 35% respectively. Sublethal doses of Actara™ (3.1 ppm) and Karate Zeon™ (186 ppm) was estimated by Probit equation. For the purpose of using a commercial strain of M. anisopliae, the virulence of strain CG-168, used in all previous tests, was compared to strain 1037-ESALQ, registered commercially. According to the results both strains had similar virulence to adult T. limbativentris.
commercially registered in Brazil market. According to the results, adults of T. Limbativentris were similarly susceptible to both strains of M. anisopliae.
In the field experiment, five treatments were prepared: Fungus + Actara™ sublethal dose (50g ha), Fungus, Actara™ sublethal dose (50g./ha) Actara™ full dose (200g./ha) and control; which were applied on rice plants infested with insects inside nylon cages under field conditions. After seven and 14 days of application, 20 insects were collected from each cage and evaluated in the laboratory. According to the results, the evaluation of the first collection, mixture of M. anisopliae with 50g/ha Actara™ caused 54% mortality compared with 40, 32, 26 and 18% respectively for the full dose of Actara™ (200g/ha), fungus alone, Actara™ sublethal dose (50g/ha) and control. In the second collection, fungus + Actara™ highlightedin relation to the others, causing a 50% mortality, while treatment with the fungus alone the mortality was16% and the others treatment was 0% As a result, we found a synergism effect between fungus and sublethal dose of the insecticide.
In summary, our results highlight the potential of sublethal concentrations of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxan in increasing the susceptibility of adults of T. Limbativentris to the fungus M. anisopliae. In fact, this strategy consists in a control method effective and feasible to combat this stink rice bug in the field from a viewpoint of an integrated pest management and sustainability.O presente estudo foi dividido em capítulos que inclui diversos aspectos da interação entre o fungo entomopatogênico M. anisopliae com o percevejo do colmo do arroz T. limbativentris como se seguem:
O capítulo 1 (Considerações teóricas) descreve uma introdução sobre os elementos envolvidos neste estudo como: A importância da cultura do arroz para o Brasil, assim como aspectos sócio-econômicos e fitossanitário dessa cultura. O mesmo capítulo também aborda informações sobre o percevejo do colmo do arroz, Tibraca limbativentris stal (1869) como aspectos morfológicos, biológicos, importância como praga e métodos de controle químico e biológico. Sobre o fungo entomopatogênico Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin esse capítulo aborda aspectos gerais como taxonomia, morfologia, processo de infecção desse fungo aos seus hospedeiros e fatores de virulência. Para finalizar o capítulo foi explorado o assunto sobre ecologia química abordando as interações interespecíficas e intraespecíficas entre os insetos da família pentatomidae com ênfase nos estudos sobre compostos de defesas já elucidados nesta família de insetos.
O capítulo 2 (Toxicidade de compostos extraídos da Glândulas Metatorácica (GMT), de adultos, e da Abdominal Dorsal (GAD), de ninfas, de T. limbativentris a M. anisopliae) descreve os resultados relacionados a diferença de susceptibilidade entre os estágios de vida do T. limbativentris ao fungo M. anisopliae e correlaciona estes resultados a atividade fungitóxica dos aldeídos (E)-2-octenal e (E)-2-decenal, extraído da glândula metatorácica (MTG) de adultos, e também o (E)-2-hexenal, extraído da glândula abdominal dorsal (DAG) nos estágios ninfais de segundo a quinto instar deste percevejo, por meio de coleta de exúvias. Todos os compostos extraídos foram caracterizados por CG-EM e o potencial fungitóxico determinado por meio da concentração inibitória mínima (MIC) desses compostos capaz de inibir totalmente a germinação do fungo. O aldeído (E)-2-decenal foi o mais ativo, apresentando MIC de 0,003% (30 ppm), em comparação com o (E)-2-hexenal e o (E)-2-octenal que apresentaram MIC de 0,012 e 0,025% respectivamente.
O capítulo 3 (Efeito de agroquímicos convencionais utilizados na cultura do arroz ao fungo M. anisopliae.) descreve a avaliação da compatibilidade do M. anisopliae à oito inseticidas, cinco herbicidas e quatro fungicidas registrados para a cultura do arroz. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a germinação (GER), o crescimento vegetativo (CV) e a esporulação (ESP) do fungo após três horas em mistura, sob agitação, com os agroquímicos. Os parâmetros avaliados do fungo foram equacionados segundo a fórmula: IB = [(CV*47)+(ESP*43)+(GER*10)]/100; no qual através do valor índice biológico (IB) determinou-se a seletividade dos agroquímicos ao fungo. Entre os agroquímicos testados, os inseticidas Bravic™, Actara™, Karate Zeon™; os herbicidas Roundup™, Basagran™, Kifix™ e o fungicida Priori™ foram compatíveis ao M. anisopliae. No entanto, o fungicida Priori™ retardou a germinação do fungo, até 20 horas após o contato nenhum conídio germinado foi observado neste tratamento e após 48 horas foi observado 43% germinação.
O capítulo 4 (Aumeto da patogenicidade de M. anisopliae a T. limbativentris com doses subletais de inseticidas químicos.) descreve a interação do M. anisopliae combinado com concentrações subletais de tiametoxam contra adultos do T. limbativentris. A combinação tem como hipótese superar resistência química natural do T. libentriventris ao M. anisopliae. Os resultados mostraram que o T. limbativentris foi mais susceptível ao M. anisopliae associado a doses subletais de tiametoxam (Actara™) ou λ-cialotrina (Karate Zeon™) do que ao
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fungo isolado. E ainda foi verificado uma concentração ótima para o fungo (5x107 conídios.mL), através de correlação com concentrações do inseticida tiametoxam. O fungo nesta concentração misturado ao tiametoxam a 3.1 ppm causou mortalidade de 80%, enquanto a taxa de mortalidade nos tratamentos com o fungo isolado e o tiametoxam 3.1 ppm foi de 38 e 35% respectivamente. As doses sobletais de Actara™ (3,1ppm) Karate Zeon™ (186ppm) foi estimada pela equação Probit. Com a intenção de utilizar uma cepa comercial do M. anisopliae foi comparada a virulência da cepa CG-168, utilizadas em todos os ensaios anteriores, com a cepa ESALQ-1037, registrada comercialmente. Segundo resultados ambas as cepas tiveram virulência semelhante para adultos de T. limbativentris.
No experimento de campo, foram preparados cinco tratamentos: Fungo + Actara™ dose subletal (50g/há), Fungo, Actara™ dose subletal (50g/há), Actara™ dose cheia (200g/ha) e o controle; os quais foram aplicados nos insetos contidos em gaiolas em campo. Após um e sete dias da aplicação, foram coletados 20 insetos de cada gaiola e avaliados em laboratório. Segundo resultados, na avaliação da primeira coleta, o tratamento com a mistura do M. anisopliae com 50g/ha Actara™ apresentou taxa de mortalidade 54% contra 40, 32, 26 e 18% respectivamente para os tratamentos Actara™ dose cheia (200g/ha), Fungo, Actara™ dose subletal (50g/há) e Controle. Na avaliação da segunda coleta, o tratamento com o fungo + Actara™ destacou em relação aos demais, causando taxa de mortalidade de 50% enquanto o tratamento com o fungo isolado foi de 16% e os demais de 0%. Nesta avaliação constatou-se um sinergismo entre o fungo e a dose subletal do inseticida.
Em resumo, nossos resultados destacam o potencial de concentrações subletais do inseticida tiametoxam (neonicotinóide) em aumentar a susceptibilidade dos adultos de T. limbativentris ao fungo M. anisopliae. Na verdade, esta estratégia consiste em um método de controle eficaz e viável para combater o percevejo do colmo do arroz em campo, do ponto de vista de um manejo integrado pragas com sustentabilidade
Catalog of printed music in Balthasar de Freitas’s collection: contribution for the study of musical activities in Goiás from later 19th century to earlier 20th century
No full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEGThe present dissertation aims to present a description of printed music in Balthasar
de Freitas’s collection. This description includes the preparation of a catalog of such documents
as well as the analysis of the information collected in the cataloging.
Based on the analysis of Brazilian Standard of Archival Description – NOBRADE,
international standards for the cataloging of musical printed materials, and the analysis of
catalogs of printed music published in Brazil, a set of descriptive elements was established
that includes identification code, title, genre, composer, publisher, date of publication, among
others. In a second moment, the information collected in the cataloging was analyzed within
the context of the musical activities in Goiás from later 19th century to earlier 20th century.
The results show that printed music in Balthasar de Freitas’s collection were
published by Brazilian publishers, from the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, and from
abroad, from France, Italy, Germany and Belgium, and were used in the cities of Jaraguá,
Bomfim (Silvânia) and the City of Goiás. The published works mainly cover salon music,
popular music and sacred music. There is repertoire for band, cinema orchestra, piano solo,
voice and piano and vocal groups with or without instrumental accompaniment.
This work intends to contribute to the study of musical activities in the period and
to the organization, maintenance and dissemination of the Balthasar de Freitas’s collection,
currently one of the main witnesses of the musical past of Goiás.A presente dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar uma descrição dos impressos
musicais do acervo Balthasar de Freitas. Essa descrição compreende a elaboração de um
catálogo desses documentos bem como a análise das informações reveladas na catalogação.
A partir da análise da Norma Brasileira de Descrição Arquivística – NOBRADE, de
normas internacionais de catalogação de impressos musicais e da análise de catálogos de
impressos musicais publicados no Brasil, foi estabelecido um conjunto de elementos
descritivos que inclui código de identificação, título, gênero musical, compositor, editora, data
de publicação, entre outros. Em um segundo momento, as informações coletadas na
catalogação foram analisadas dentro do contexto das atividades musicais em Goiás da
segunda metade do século XIX à primeira metade do século XX.
Os resultados mostram que os impressos musicais do acervo Balthasar de Freitas
foram publicados por editoras brasileiras, das cidades de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, e
estrangeiras, da França, Itália, Alemanha e Bélgica, e foram utilizados nas cidades de Jaraguá,
Bomfim (Silvânia) e Cidade de Goiás. As obras publicadas abrangem, principalmente, música
de salão, música popular e música sacra e religiosa. Há repertório para banda, orquestra de
cinema, piano solo, canto e piano e grupos vocais com ou sem acompanhamento instrumental.
Este trabalho pretende contribuir com o estudo das atividades musicais no período
recortado e com a organização, manutenção e divulgação do acervo Balthasar de Freitas,
atualmente uma das principais testemunhas do passado musical de Goiás
Pedagogical practice of two accordion teachers in remote teaching.
No full textThe teaching of accordion in the academic environment is recent, being its dissemination more common by practice, through empirical transmission. On the other hand, there are already teachers seeking teaching methods and approaches that provide greater participation and permanence of the student in
classes. Thus, this study is a case study of qualitative approach, whose objective was to report how two accordion teachers adapted their pedagogical practices during remote teaching in the city of João Pessoa, in two schools of destintus format. The results showed that both had a similar musical trajectory and currently seek to develop their classes based on active and dynamic methods, even during the remote teaching period. During the execution of the remote classes, the asynchronous classes worked better, as well as the use of
the instrument at hand by, which facilitates the teaching/learning process. Thus, it is concluded that it is possible to promote remote accordion classes, which is a new possibility to expand teaching beyond the Brazilian northeast, as well as to serve a larger audience faster and less costly.O ensino de acordeon no meio acadêmico é recente, sendo sua disseminação mais comum pela pratica, por meio da transmissão empírica. Por outro lado, já existem professores buscando métodos e abordagens de ensino que proporcionem uma maior participação e permanência do aluno nas aulas. Assim, este estudo trata-se de um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa, cujo objetivo foi relatar como dois professores de acordeon adaptaram suas práticas pedagógicas durante o ensino remoto na cidade de João Pessoa, em duas escolas de formato destintos. Os resultados mostraram que ambos tiveram uma trajetória musical similar e, atualmente, buscam desenvolver suas aulas baseadas em métodos ativos e dinâmicos, mesmo durante o período de
ensino remoto. Durante a execução das aulas remotas, as aulas assíncronas funcionaram melhor, bem como o uso do instrumento em mãos pelo, o que facilita o processo de ensino/aprendizagem. Assim, conclui-se que é possível promover aulas remotas de acordeon, sendo essa uma nova possibilidade de expandir o ensino para além do nordeste brasileiro, bem como atender a um público maior de maneira mais rápido e menos onerosa
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Os fundos de investimento financeiro à luz do Código de Defesa do Consumidor: a proteção jurídica do investidor
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