2,740 research outputs found
Still waiting for the smoke to clear - lasers in the treatment of onychomycosis
No full textIn 2009, the first lasers indicated in the treatment of onychomycosis reached the shores of the United Kingdom with the aspirations of being a revolution in the treatment of this common, stubborn nail infection. It has now been five years since their arrival and we have witnessed the emergence of specialist nail clinics offering laser treatments to patients across the country. Despite the revolution on the high street, with large sums of money changing hands for both the purchase of these devices and for treatment, the flow of evidence assessing the lasers real effectiveness has been rather slower to follow. In this article the author discusses the current issues and evidence on lasers in onychomycosis, from a UK perspective
POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR OF I.R. DIFFRACTION GRATINGS
No full textAuthor Institution: Bausch and Lomb Inc.Interaction between incident electromagnetic radiation and the regular groove structure of a diffraction grating gives rise to polarization phenomena whenever the groove spacing is less than about 5 times the wave-length. Theory predicts the general behavior but fails to account for some of the details observed experimentally. For many problems in I.R. spectroscopy and T.R. lasers, it is important to be aware of what actually takes place. Special equipment for obtaining data on diffracted energy in both planes of polarization will be described and results typical of commonly used gratings will be compared with theory
Quantitative Fluorescence Microscopy, autofocusing, z-axis calibration, image sensors, fluorescence lifetime imaging
No full textCircular Strategies of Social Enterprises for Sustainable Development in Impoverished Contexts: East Africa
No full textAfrican economies are home to grand societal and environmental challenges, and
social enterprises in these contexts typically play a key role to address UN
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as poverty, inequality, climate
change, environmental degradation, peace, and justice. In fact, social enterprises
in African countries are actively involved in the achievement of SDGs by
combining in the same organizations social, environmental, and economic missions
and processes. Recently, scholars acknowledged the relevance of Circular
Economy (CE) practices for the implementation of Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs). Therefore, this chapter focuses on East African countries (meaning
Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda). In these countries, the highest levels of ruralto-
urban shift of any continent in the world, together with context-related challenges
such as weak institutions, lack of financial support, low access to technology,
and a lack of education and technical skills, give rise to severe social and environmental problems. Gathering the extant but fragmented knowledge on
circular economy in East African social enterprises, this chapter aims at illustrating
the tensions and barriers that jeopardize social enterprises’ ability to implement
circular strategies. Further, the chapter reveals the enabling factors of social
enterprises adopting circular strategies recognizing a leading role of local community,
business incubators, and informal sector. Finally, this chapter examines
the outcomes of circular strategies, in the form of an active contribution toward
sustainable development as well as negative tensions which are generated
between social enterprises and stakeholders
Should Philosophers Begin to Employ New Methods If They Want to Become More Societally Relevant?
No full textGreen Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Values Technology and Innovatio
Assessment Of The Environmental Sensibility Of Beaches In Tinharé/boipeba Islands, Southern Bahia, State Coast - Brazil [avaliação Da Sensibilidade Ambiental Das Praias Localizadas No Arquipélogo Tinharé/boipeba, Litoral Sul Do Estado Da Bahia]
No full textThe Tinharé and Boipeba Islands are located in the Municipal District of Cairu along the Southern Bahia State Coast - Brazil. The Islands host very valuable ecosystems associated mainly with coral reefs and mangroves. The islands offer several natural attractions e recreation infrastructure. The beaches of Morro de São Paulo are among the primary tourist destinies in the State and receive a great number of tourists during the whole year. The main objective of this research project was to access the environmental sensibility for erosion and oil spills on beaches in Tinharé and Boipeba. The study takes into consideration environmental characteristics and urbanization levels. Most beaches on the Islands present low urbanization levels - less than 30% occupation. Results indicate high to very high beach sensibility to erosion and oil spills in great part of the islands (in agreement with the adopted criteria). Therefore, oil production and increasing urbanization rate tend to accelerate erosive processes representing serious threats to the Islands ecosystems, resulting in further risks to the native environment and to the local communities that depend mainly on fishing and tourism.282193201Appendini, C.M., Fischer, D.W., Hazard Manegement Planning for Severe Storm Erosion (1998) Shore & Beach, 66 (4), pp. 5-8Araújo, S.I., Silva, G.H., Muehe, D., (2000) Minuta Do Manual Básico Para Elaboração De Mapas De Sensibilidade No Sistema Petrobras, p. 40Barbosa, J.S.F., Dominguez, J.M.L., (1996), p. 295. , Escala 1: 1.000.000 - SGM/PPPG/FAPEX: SalvadorBird, E.C.F., Coastline Changes (1985) A Global Review, p. 219. , Chichester: John WilleyBittencourt, A.C.S.P., Martin, L., Vilas Boas, G.S., Flexor, J.M., The marine formations of the coast of the State of Bahia (1979) International Symposium On Coastal Evolution In the Quaternary, pp. 232-253. , São Paulo. Proceeding... São Paulo: IGCP, Project 61Camfield, F.E., Morang, A., Defining and Interpreting Shoreline Change (1996) Ocean & Coastal Management, 32 (3), pp. 129-151Dominguez, J.M.L., Correa-Gomes, (2006) Projeto Costa Do Dendê, p. 220. , Salvador: Convênio CBPM/UFBA/CPGGEsteves, L.S., da Silva, A.R.P., Arejano, T.B., Pivel, M.A., Vranjac, M.P., Coastal Development and Human Impacts Along the Rio Grande do Sul Beaches, Brazil (2003) Journal of Coastal Research, 35, pp. 548-556Freitas, L.M.B., (2002) Caracterização Geoambiental E Sensi-bilidade Da Linha Com Ênfase Nas Praias Da Costa Do Dendê - Ba, Utilizando Um Sistema De Informações Geográficas (sig), p. 42. , Salvador, Monografia (Graduação em Geologia) - Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da BahiaGares, P.A., Sherman, D.J., Nordstrom, K.F., Geomorphology and natural hazards (1994) Geomorphology, 10, pp. 1-18Komar, P.D., Torstenson, R.W., Shih, S.M., Bandon, Oregon: Coastal Development and the Potential for Extreme Ocean Hazards (1991) Shore & Beach, 59 (3), pp. 14-22Lizárraga-Arciniega, R., Appendini-Albretchsen, C.M., Fischer, D.W., Planning for Beach Erosion: A Case Study, Playas de Rosarito, B. C. Mexico (2001) Journal of Coastal Research, 17 (3), pp. 636-644Martin, L., Bittencourt, A.C.S.P., Vilas Boas, G.S., Flexor, J.M., (1980) Mapa Geológico Do Quaternário Costeiro Do Estado Da Bahia - Esc, p. 60. , 1:250.000. Salvador: SME/CPM (Texto explicativo e mapa)(2002) Especificações E Normas Técnicas Para a Elaboração De Cartas De Sensibi-lidade Ambiental Para Derrames De Óleo, p. 94. , MINISTÉRIO DO MEIO AMBIENTE, Brasília: Programa de Proteção e Melhoria da Qualidade AmbientalNOAA. Environmental Sensitivity Index Guidelines. Version, 2.0. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS ORCA 115. Seattle: Hazardous Materials Response and Assessment Division. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 79 p. + appendices, 1997Pilkey, O.H., Coastal Erosion. Episodes (1991) International Geoscience News Magazine, 14 (1), pp. 45-51Rebouças, R.C., (2006) Biografia Das Areias Da Costa Do Dendê: Um Estudo Da Composição Das Areias De Praia Entre Os Rios Jequiriçá E Tijuípe. Salvador, p. 75. , Dissertação (Mestrado em Geologia) - Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da BahiaSilva, I.R., Bittencourt, A.C.S.P., Dominguez, J.M.L., Silva, S.B.M., Potencial de danos econômicos face à erosão costeira relativo às praias da Costa do Descobrimento - litoral Sul do Estado da Bahia (2007) Pesquisas Em Geociências, 34, pp. 35-44Silva, M.V.N., Maia, L.P., Classificação dos Índices de Sensibilidade Ambiental do Litoral de Icapuí-CE (2003) Congresso Brasileiro De Estudos Do Quaternário, 9. , Recife. Resumos Expandidos... São Paulo: Associação Brasileira de Estudos do Quaternário, CD-ROMWhite, G.F., Natural Hazards Management in the Coastal Zone (1978) Shore & Beach, 46 (1), pp. 15-1
Werthaltigkeit der Technik
No full textTechnologie ist eng mit Werten verbunden. Gelegentlich gefährden Technologien bestimmte Werte, beispielsweise Gesundheit und Sicherheit, so wie es 2011 bei der Atomkatastrophe in Fukushima der Fall war. Aber Technologien können auch Werte unterstützen, wie beispielsweise das menschliche Wohlbefinden, die Demokratie oder den Schutz der Privatsphäre. Zunächst werden in diesem Kapitel, einigen üblichen Differenzierungen der Moralphilosophie zwischen verschiedenen Arten von Werten folgend, zwischen instrumentalen und terminalen Werten sowie zwischen intrinsischen und extrinsischen Werten unterschieden. Danach wird die These der Wertneutralität der Technologie besprochen und kritisiert. Anschließend werden kurz einige der wichtigsten internen und externen Werte im Zusammenhang mit Technik diskutiert.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Ethics & Philosophy of Technolog
Monitoring herd incidence of intramammary infection in lactating cows using repeated longitudinal somatic cell count measurements
No full textThe objective of the study was to evaluate the ability of an estimate of the herd intramammary infection (IMI) incidence rate computed using repeated somatic cell count (SCC) measurements (quarter- and composite-SCC; hereafter, the SCC-derived herd IMI incidence, SCCI)to predict the incidence rate computed using repeated quarter-milk bacteriological culture (hereafter, bacteriological culture incidence, BCI) during the lactating period. A cohort of 91 Canadian dairy herds was followed in 2007 and 2008. In each herd and at each of 4 sampling periods, a series of 3 to 7 quarter-milk samples was collected from a sample of 15 cows. Routine milk bacteriological culture was conducted to identify IMI, SCC was measured on the quarter-milk samples, and composite-SCC of the preceding and following dairy herd improvement (DHI) tests were obtained. Mastitis pathogens were grouped in 3 categories: major, minor, and any pathogens. For each herd and for each period, BCI was computed for each group of organisms. Similarly, SCCI were computed using quarter- and DHI composite-SCC and using a threshold of 200,000 cells/mL to define infected quarters or cows. A linear regression model taking into account the structure of the data was used to compare the SCCI to the BCI. A similar model was used to compare fluctuations (i.e., changes from one sampling period to the next) over time of the SCCI and BCI. Measures of correlation between observed and predicted rates were computed and limits of agreement plots sketched to better explore the predictive ability of the SCCI. The quarter-milk SCC measurements that could be obtained-for instance, using on-line milking system measurements-appeared to be particularly valuable. Quarter-SCCI showed a positive and significant association with the BCI. However, limits of agreement plots indicated important disagreement for the small proportion of observations with very high BCI. Quarter-level SCCI and BCI fluctuations were also significantly associated, and a substantial correlation (Spearman rho ranging from 0.54 to 0.58) could be seen between observed and predicted rates. Conversely, the predictive value of composite-DHI SCC for monitoring IMI incidence during the lactation seemed to be quite limited. Composite SCCI was strictly associated with major IMI BCI, showed a relatively low correlation with the observed rate (Spearman rho: 0.14), and was of little help for longitudinal monitoring of the IMI incidence
What Will Be When He Grows Up? Parents Expectations Of Deaf Kids [o Que Ele Vai Ser Quando Crescer? Expectativas De Pais De Crianças Surdas]
No full textStudy design: Qualitative and exploratory survey. Objective: This study aims to identify the expectations of parents of deaf children about the development and their future, verify the socio-demographic characteristics of these parents and to verify how the communication between the deaf and their families is. Methods: To reach this aim, qualitative methodology was adopted using open-ended interviews having as subject parents of deaf children who attend the rehabilitation program in Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Reabilitação "Prof Dr Gabriel O S Porto" CEPRE. The data were collect through questions focusing aspects like the knowledge of the deafness, the rehabilitation process, the communication with the deaf children and the expectations about the future of their son. Results: The findings showed the expressive participation of mothers in the rehabilitation process as the main speaker with the deaf son. The most part of the families had the perceptions of the deafness in the early years of the life of their sons, except in one case of late discovery because the child was assisted as having autism. The communication of the parents with the deaf son was realized through domestic signs and the main concern of the parents were in their kids schooling and their learning difficulties, the lack of trained teachers and prejudice due to communication trouble. Conclusion: The expectation of parents is marked by anxiety and uncertainty about the independence and autonomy of the deaf child. The parents were afraid about the future of the deaf son expressing concern and insecurity with the public school inadequacy and the lack of government policies to support deaf people along their lives.442169178Santos, M.F.C., Lima, M.C.M.P., Rossi, T.F., Surdez: Diagnóstico Audiológico (2003) Cidadania, Surdez e Linguagem: Desafios e Realidades, pp. 17-40. , Silva I V, Kauchaje S, Gesueli ZM (org.). São Paulo: Plexus EditoraLewis, D.R., As habilidades auditivas do recém-nascido e a triagem auditiva neonatal (1996) Fonoaudiologia Em Berçário Normal e de Risco, pp. 149-168. , Andrade CRF. São Paulo: LoviseSclair-Cabral, L., (1991) Introdução À Psicolonguística, , São Paulo: Ática(2006) Saberes e Práticas Da Inclusão: Desenvolvendo Competências para O Atendimento Às Necessidades Educacionais de Alunos Surdos, 16p. , Brasil. Ministério da Educação e Cultura. Coordenação geral: SEESP/MECSecretária de Educação Especial, BrasíliaSilva, I.R., (2005) As Representações Do Surdo Na Escola e Na Família Entre A (In)visibilidade Da Diferença e Da "Deficiência", , [Tese de Doutorado], Campinas: Instituto de Estudos de Linguagem - UnicampBittencourt, Z.Z.L.C., Hoehne, E.L., Qualidade de vida de familiares de pessoas surdas atendidas em um centro de reabilitação (2009) Ciênc. Saúde Coletiva, 14, pp. 1235-1239Messa, A.A., Fiamenghi, G.A., O impacto da deficiência nos irmãos: Histórias de vida (2010) Ciênc. Saúde Coletiva, 15, pp. 529-538Kluber-Ross, E., (1969) Sobre A Morte e O Morrer, , 4. ed. São Paulo: Martins FontesFiamenghi, G.A., Messa, A.A., Pais, Filhos e Deficiência: Estudos Sobre as Relações Familiares (2007) Psicol. Ciênc. Prof., 27, pp. 236-245Buscaglia, L., (1997) Os Deficientes e Seus Pais: Um Desafio Ao Aconselhamento, , 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro: RecordBardin, L., (1988) Análise de Conteúdo, , Lisboa, Edições 70Skliar, C., Os Estudos Surdos em educação: Problematizando a normalidade (1998) A Surdez Um Olhar Sobre As Diferenças, , Skliar, C. (org.) Porto Alegre. Ed. MediaçãoDecreto No 5626 de 22 de Dezembro de 2005. Regulamenta A Lei No 10436, de 22 de Abril de 2002, Que Dispõe Sobre A Língua Brasileira de Sinais, , Brasil, Presidência da RepublicaLacerda, C.B., Caporali, S.A., A família ouvinte de sujeitos surdos: Reflexões a partir do contato com a língua de sinais (2003) Temas Sobre Desenvolvimento, 12 (67), pp. 16-25. , São PauloBittencourt, Z.Z.L.C., Montagnoli, A.P., Representações sociais da surdez (2007) Medicina, 40, pp. 243-249. , Ribeirão Pret
AI, Control and Unintended Consequences: The Need for Meta-Values
No full textDue to their self-learning and evolutionary character, AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems are more prone to unintended consequences and more difficult to control than traditional sociotechnical systems. To deal with this, machine ethicists have proposed to build moral (reasoning) capacities into AI systems by designing artificial moral agents. I argue that this may well lead to more, rather than less, unintended consequences and may decrease, rather than increase, human control over such systems. Instead, I suggest, we should bring AI systems under meaningful human control by formulating a number of meta-values for their evolution. Amongst others, this requires responsible experimentation with AI systems, which may neither guarantee full control nor the prevention of all undesirable consequences, but nevertheless ensures that AI systems, and their evolution, do not get out of control.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Ethics & Philosophy of Technolog
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