1,721,155 research outputs found
Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Jual Beli Foto melalui Website di Shutterstock
Full text linkIn the modern era like this many of us encounter various types of buying and selling both in the real world or on the internet (e-commerce) and recently there is a transaction of buying and selling photos through the website at Shutterstock. The practice of buying and selling photos is the same as buying and buying in general. It's just that in the practice of buying and selling using electronic media, so direct sellers and buyers make payments by transfer.
This type of research includes field research that uses qualitative descriptive methods including research aimed at studying the implementation of buying and selling photos and validity of the practice of buying and selling photos through the website at shutterstock. In this study, researchers conducted direct interviews with sellers and buyers who bought photos related to the practice of buying photos through the website at shutterstock. Based on research and data analysis, it can be concluded that in the practice of buying and selling photos through the website at shutterstock is legal. Because, the implementation of the practice of buying and selling photos through the website at shutterstock has agreed to the terms and conditions in buying and selling according to Islamic La
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The autonomy of contributor labour in digital platforms and the artistic commodity chain: The case of Shutterstock
No full textBu tezin konusu, dijital platformlarda içerik üretimi yapan katılımcı otonomisinin niteliğidir. Bu olgu, bir vaka çalışması kapsamında; katılımcılarının sisteme yüklediği fotoğraf, video, ses gibi içerikleri müşterilerine satarak faaliyet gösteren Shutterstock şirketi üzerinden irdelenmektedir. Shutterstock gibi dijital platformlar dünyanın neredeyse her yerinden fotoğrafçılık, grafik tasarımcılığı ve video/ses yapımcılığı gibi niteliklere sahip yüzbinlerce katılımcı ile içerik talep eden müşterileri bir araya getirerek, içerik üretim sürecini oldukça kolaylaştırdı ve maliyetleri de aşağıya çekti. Dijital platformların katılımcılarına vadettiği şey ise yüksek düzeyde bir otonomi; yani sevilen işin istenilen zamanda, istenildiği yerde ve istenildiği şekilde yapılarak para kazanılabilmesidir. Fakat, daha fazla kazanmak adına en çok satılan içerik türlerinin bilgisi dijital platform tarafından düzenli bir şekilde ve ayrıntılı olarak katılımcılarla paylaşılmaktadır. Buna platformun standartları ve kuralları da eklendiğinde katılımcıların otonomileri azalmakta ve içerik üretimine dair yaratıcılıklarına ket vurularak artistik faaliyetler metalaşmaktadır. Sonuç olarak; dijital platformlarda içerik üretimi yapan katılımcıların otonomileri piyasa sistemi tarafından sınırlandırılmakta ve bu durum onları sanatsal bir meta zincirinin parçası haline getirmektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Dijital Platform, Dijital Emek, Katılımcı Emeği, Otonomi, Sanatsal Meta Zinciri
The subject of this thesis is the characteristic of contributor autonomy that producing content on digital platforms. This phenomenon is analyzed within the scope of a case study through the digital platform Shutterstock, which carries on a business by selling the content, such as photos, videos and audio uploaded into the platform by its contributors, to its customers. Digital platforms, such as Shutterstock, have thrown together hundreds of thousands of contributors from around the world who have qualifications such as photography, graphic design and video/audio production, and customers who demand content. Since therefore the content production process has become quite easy and the costs are brought down. On the other hand, what digital platforms provide an opportunity to their contributors is a high level of autonomy; in other words, it is the ability to earn money by doing the desired job at any time, in any place and in the desired way. However, in order to earn more income, the information of the most sold content types are shared regularly and in detail by the digital platform with its contributors. In addition to this, the platform's standards and rules are taken into account, the autonomies of the contributors are reduced and artistic productivity is commodified by restricting their creativity in content production. As a result, since the autonomy level of the contributors who produce content on digital platforms are restricted by the market system, contributors become a part of the artistic commodity chain. Keywords: Digital Platform, Digital Labour, Contributor Work, Autonomy, Artistic Commodity Chai
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Bancos de imágenes : descripción y análisis de Corbis, Getty Images, Agesfotostock y Shutterstock
No full textTrabajo de Fin de Grado – Grado en Información y Documentación[ES]Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de cuatro de los bancos de imágenes más relevantes en la actualidad, Corbis, Getty Images, Agefotostock y Shutterstock, como fuentes de obtención de fotografías de todo tipo dentro del campo de la información y la comunicación. El objetivo fundamental es conocer, tanto las características más formales de los bancos de manera independiente y conjunta, como los mecanismos de funcionamiento de sus sistemas de búsqueda y recuperación de cara a sus usuarios finales. Como método para la obtención de los datos se ha utilizado una plantilla diseñada con todos los elementos que se quieren incluir en el análisis. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan la similitud existente entre los cuatro bancos con respecto a su razón de ser, metas y particularidades formales. Mientras que también manifiestan los inconvenientes y obstáculos de sus sistemas de búsqueda y recuperación de imágenes los cuales plantean una serie de carencias que es necesario mejorar. [EN] This research focuses on the study of four of the most relevant image banks of nowadays, Corbis, Getty Images, Agefotostock and Shutterstock, as sources for obtaining photographs of any kind within the field of information and communication. The main objective is to get to know both the formal characteristics of banks independently or together, and the working mechanisms of their search and retrieval systems referred to their final users. The method used for obtaining data included a template, designed with all the elements that were wanted to be included in the analysis. The obteined results reflect the similarity between the four image banks about their rationale, goals and formal peculiarities. On the other hand, some disadvantages and obstacles are also manifested, referring to its image search and retrieval systems, which set out a number of shortcomings that need to be improved.Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Traducción y Documentació
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