196,653 research outputs found
Fault modelling and accelerated simulation of integrated circuits manufacturing defects under process variation
No full textAs silicon manufacturing process scales to and beyond the 65-nm node, process variation can no longer be ignored. The impact of process variation on integrated circuit performance and power has received significant research input. Variation-aware test, on the other hand, is a relatively new research area that is currently receiving attention worldwide.Research has shown that test without considering process variation may lead to loss of test quality. Fault modelling and simulation serve as a backbone of manufacturing test. This thesis is concerned with developing efficient fault modelling techniques and simulation methodologies that take into account the effect of process variation on manufacturing defects with particular emphasis on resistive bridges and resistive opens.The first contribution of this thesis addresses the problem of long computation time required to generate logic fault of resistive bridges under process variation by developing a fast and accurate modelling technique to model logic fault behaviour of resistive bridges. The new technique is implemented by employing two efficient voltage calculation algorithms to calculate the logic threshold voltage of driven gates and critical resistance of a fault-site to enable the computation of bridge logic faults without using SPICE. Simulation results show that the technique is fast (on average 53 times faster) and accurate (worst case is 2.64% error) when compared with HSPICE. The second contribution analyses the complexity of delay fault simulation of resistive bridges to reduce the computation time of delay fault when considering process variation. An accelerated delay fault simulation methodology of resistive bridges is developed by employing a three-step strategy to speed up the calculation of transient gate output voltage which is needed to accurately compute delay faults. Simulation results show that the methodology is on average 17.4 times faster, with 5.2% error in accuracy, when compared with HSPICE. The final contribution presents an accelerated simulation methodology of resistive opens to address the problem of long simulation time of delay fault when considering process variation. The methodology is implemented by using two efficient algorithms to accelerate the computation of transient gate output voltage and timing critical resistance of an open fault-site. Simulation results show that the methodology is on average up to 52 times faster than HSPICE, with 4.2% error in accuracy
A Fast and Accurate Process Variation-aware Modeling Technique for Resistive Bridge Defects
No full textRecent research has shown that tests generated without taking process variation into account may lead to loss of test quality. At present there is no efficient device-level modeling technique that models the effect of process variation on resistive bridge defects. This paper presents a fast and accurate technique to achieve this, including modeling the effect of voltage and temperature variation using BSIM4 transistor model. To speedup the computation time and without compromising simulation accuracy (achieved through BSIM4) two efficient voltage approximation algorithms are proposed for calculating logic threshold of driven gates and voltages on bridged lines of a fault-site to calculate bridge critical resistance. Experiments are conducted on a 65-nm gate library (for illustration purposes), and results show that on average the proposed modeling technique is more than 53 times faster and in the worst case, error in bridge critical resistance is 2.64% when compared with HSPICE
The Joint Shida Kartli Archaeological Project: Aims and Results of the First Field Season (Autumn 2009)
No full textThe Shida Kartli Archaeological project is a new collaborative endeavour of the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice and the Georgian National Museum, devoted to the investigation of the 4th and 3rd mill. BC cultures of the Shida Kartli province of Georgia. The first campaign was dedicated to the study of the material of the EBA cemetery and settlement of Khashuri Nastargora (Kura-Araxes and Bedeni cultures), to a geo-morphological survey of the region, and to the collection of samples for archaeometric analyses. Further work in progress concerns the reconstruction, based on satellite images, aerophotos, and autoptic observation, of the ancient landscape of the region
Zonal Love and Shida numbers estimated by VLBI [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textThe deformation of the anelastic Earth as aresponse to external forces from the Moon and Sun ischaracterized with proportionality parameters, the so-called Love and Shida numbers. The increasing pre-cision and quality of the VLBI (Very Long BaselineInterferometry) measurements allow determining thoseparameters. In particular, the long history of the VLBIdata enables the estimation of Love and Shida numbersat the low frequencies with the longest period of a tidalwave at 18.6 years. In this study we analyze 27 yearsof VLBI measurements (1984.0 - 2011.0) following therecent IERS Conventions 2010. In several global solu-tions, we estimate the complex Love and Shida num-bers of the solid Earth tides for the main long-periodtidal waves. Furthermore, we determine the Love andShida numbers of the rotational deformation due to po-lar motion, the so-called pole tide
The Kura-Araxes Culture In The Shida Kartli Region of Georgia: An Overview
Get PDFLocated in the centre of present-day Georgia, in what is traditionally considered the heart of the Kura-Araxes culture, the Shida Kartli region hosts a relatively high number of excavated Kura-Araxes sites, as well as several sites of the preceding Late Chalcolithic and of the following Early Kurgan cultures (Early Bronze?). It therefore offers a good opportunity to analyze one of the regional variants of the Kura-Araxes culture in its diachronic development. The paper describes the stratigraphy of the main Kura-Araxes sites of the region, discusses available evidence concerning architecture, settlement patterns, burial customs, pottery and other categories of finds, and attempts at drawing up a relative chronology of the region on the basis of stratigraphy, chrono-typology and recent 14C evidence. The origins and the end of the Kura-Araxes culture in Shida Kartli, and the changing patterns in the subsistence and social organization of the local population are discussed in the wider framework of contemporary developments in the neighbouring regions
The Georgian-Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project: A Report on the First Two Field Seasons 2009 and 2010
No full textThe Shida Kartli Archaeological project is a collaborative endeavour of the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice and the Georgian National Museum, dedicated to the investigation of the Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age cultures of the Shida Kartli province of Georgia and of their relations with the contemporary cultures of the northern regions of the Near East. The paper presents the results of the first two field seasons (2009 and 2010) of the project. The main activities were the study of the unpublished material from the important EBA settlement and cemetery of Natsargora in the Khashuri district in the western part of the province, the excavation of two kurgans at Okherakhevi at its eastern border, between the Kaspi and Mtskheta districts, and a remote-sensing-assisted geo-morphological and archaeological survey of the province. A program of sampling for archaeometric analyses and radiometric dating of different Early Bronze Age sites of the region was also launched
Assessment of 222Rn Distribution in Water and Soil Gas in the Shida Kartli Region, Georgia
No full textWithin the framework of the SRNSFG FN-19-22022 project “222Rn Mapping and Radon Risk Assessment in Georgia,” fieldwork was carried out to quantify 222Rn distribution in water and soil gas and to identify geological factors influencing 222Rn concentrations in selected areas of Georgia. In Shida Kartli region, on-site 222Rn measurements were performed at 78 soil gas sampling points and 90 water sources (63 springs, 27 boreholes) using the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 PRO (Saphymo GmbH) radon monitor. Measured 222Rn concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 51.76 Bq/L in water and up to 46.6 kBq•m⁻³ in soil gas. Basic statistical analysis and visualization revealed that most water and soil gas values fall in the low to moderate range, with occasional localized high values. All observation sites were georeferenced using GPS. The data were digitized and integrated into a GIS to illustrate 222Rn distribution in water and soil gas across Shida Kartli.
The works [8-11] present the results of our early studies of 222Rn content in soil gas and water in various regions of the country
Assessment of 222Rn Distribution in Water and Soil Gas in the Shida Kartli Region, Georgia
No full textWithin the framework of the SRNSFG FN-19-22022 project “222Rn Mapping and Radon Risk Assessment in Georgia,” fieldwork was carried out to quantify 222Rn distribution in water and soil gas and to identify geological factors influencing 222Rn concentrations in selected areas of Georgia. In Shida Kartli region, on-site 222Rn measurements were performed at 78 soil gas sampling points and 90 water sources (63 springs, 27 boreholes) using the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 PRO (Saphymo GmbH) radon monitor. Measured 222Rn concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 51.76 Bq/L in water and up to 46.6 kBq•m⁻³ in soil gas. Basic statistical analysis and visualization revealed that most water and soil gas values fall in the low to moderate range, with occasional localized high values. All observation sites were georeferenced using GPS. The data were digitized and integrated into a GIS to illustrate 222Rn distribution in water and soil gas across Shida Kartli.
The works [8-11] present the results of our early studies of 222Rn content in soil gas and water in various regions of the country
Determiantion of Love and Shida numbers using SLR data for the low satellites STARLETTE and STELLA
No full textW pracy przedstawiono analizę parametrów sprężystości Ziemi (liczb Love'a i Shida: h₂, l₂, k₂, k₃) wyznaczonych z satelitarnych obserwacji laserowych (SLR) wykonanych w okresie 01.01.2005-01.01.2007 roku do satelitów niskich: STELLA (H = 800 km) i STARLETTE (H = 810 km). Wszystkie obliczenia związane z określeniem wartości liczb Love'a i Shida wykonano przy pomocy programu orbitalnego GEODYN II NASA GSFC. Uzyskane wartości parametrów sprężystości wyniosły: h₂(STELLA) = 0,6161±0,0037, l₂(STELLA) = 0,0164±0,0019, k₂(STELLA) = 0,3008±0,0002, k₃(STELLA) = 0,0883±0,0069; h₂(STARLETTE) = 0,6049±0,0026, l₂(STARLETTE) = 0,1148±0,0012, k₂(STARLETTE) = 0,3004±0,0001, k₃(STARLETTE) = 0,0699±0,0064. Parametry sprężystości zostały przeanalizowane pod względem dokładności, stabilności i zbieżności wyznaczenia oraz porównane z wynikami otrzymanymi przez autorów niniejszego opracowania z obserwacji do satelitów LAGEOS-1 (H = 5860 km) i LAGEOS-2 (H = 5620 km).In this paper, an analysis of the elastic Earth parameters (Love and Shida numbers: h₂, l₂, k₂, k₃) derived from the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data for the low satellites: STELLA (H = 800 km) and STARLETTE (H = 810 km) has been presented. SLR data for the two satellites STELLA and STARLETTE collected over a period of two years from January 1, 2005 to January 1, 2007. All calculations have been made with the use of GEODYN II NASA GSFC software. The adjusted final values of the elastic Earth parameters are the following: h₂(STELLA) = 0.6161±0.0037, l₂(STELLA) = 0.0164±0.0019, k₂(STELLA) = 0.3008±0.0002, k₃(STELLA) = 0.0883š0.0069; h₂(STARLETTE) = 0.6049±0.0026, l₂(STARLETTE) = 0.1148±0.0012, k₂(STARLETTE) = 0.3004±0.0001, k₃(STARLETTE) = 0.0699±0.0064. The obtained values of elastic parameters have been analyzed with regard to accuracy and determination convergence and stability. The adjusted final values h₂, l₂, k₂, k₃ for STARLETTE and STELLA are compared to the estimates we previously published based on the data for satellites LAGEOS-1(H = 5860 km) and LAGEOS-2 (H = 5620 km)
Ishtar in Shida Kartli? About a Recently Discovered Fragment of Stone Plaque
No full textA fragment of incised stone plaque discovered in a Late Bronze Age level during the recent Georgian-Italian excavations at Aradetis Orgora in the Shida Kartli region of Georgia is presented and its implications for the connections of the ancient populations of this area of the Southern Caucasus with the contemporary civilisations of the Near East are discussed. Special attention is paid to the presence on the plaque of an astral symbol, which is remniscent of the eight-pointed star of the Mesopotamian goddess Inanna/Ishtar
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